Petroleum Accumulation Zones on Continental Margins Scrivener Publishing 100 Cummings Center, Suite 541J Beverly, MA 01915-6106 Publishers at Scrivener Martin Scrivener ^3Γίίη@8ΰΓίνβη6φηΜΐ8ΐιπ^χοιη) Phillip Carmical (pcarmical@scriveneφublishing.com) Petroleum Accumulation Zones on Continental Margins Yu. N. Grigorenko VNIGRI, (All-Russian Scientific Research Geologic Exploration Institute) St. Petersburg, Russia G. V. Chilingar USC, Los Andgeles, CA, USA V. S. Sobolev VNIGRI, St. Petersburg, Russia T. A. Andiyeva VNIGRI, St. Petersburg, Russia and L. I. Zhukova VNIGRI, St. Petersburg, Russia Technical editor: M. Gorfunkel Scrivener ©WILEY Copyright © 2012 by Scrivener Publishing LLC. All rightsr eserved. Co-published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Hoboken, New Jersey, and Scrivener Publishing LLC, Salem, Massachusetts. Published simultaneously in Canada. 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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data: ISBN 978-1-118-38507-4 Printed in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 21 Abbreviations and Symbols AHFP Abnormal formation pressure BCM Billion of cubic meters BT Billion of tons MCMD Thousand cubic meters per day MCM, MMCM Thousand cubic meters, million cubic meters TCM Trillion of cubic meters MMY Million years MT, MMT Thousand tons; million tons Saturation pressure Formation pressure P ,/P Baric saturation coefficient sat fes 813C Oil carbon isotope composition, %o δΐ3α Gas methane carbon isotope composition, %o iC /nC z-butane/«-butane ratio in gas 6 6 R° Vitrinite reflectance Contents Introduction 11 1. Methodological Support of the Zonal Forecasting 15 1.1. Zonal oil and gas potential forecast in an aquatory environment 15 1.2. Study of the proved oil- and gas-accumulation zones 21 2. Some Specifics in Structure, Evolution and Oil and Gas Occurrences of the Continental Margins 25 2.1. The doctrine of continental margins 25 2.2. Continental margin structure and evolution 28 2.3. Oil and gas occurrences of the continental margins 39 3. Zonal Hydrocarbon Accumulations in the Subsurface of the Pacific Group Continental Margins 49 3.1. Oil- and gas-accumulation zones subsurface the island arc margins 50 3.1.1. Cook Inlet oil and gas basin 52 3.1.2. Taranaki oil and gas basin 59 3.1.3. Sarawak oil and gas basin 67 3.1.4. North Sakhalin oil and gas basin 75 3.1.5. Siamese oil and gas basin 84 3.1.6. Pearl River Mouth oil and gas basin 95 3.2. Oil- and gas-accumulation zones over the Pacific margins of North and South America 101 3.2.1. Guayaquil-Progresso oil and gas basin 103 3.2.2. Upper-Middle Magdalena oil and gas basin 110 3.2.3. Llanos oil and gas basin 117 3.2.4. Sacramento oil and gas basin 125 3.2.5. Los Angeles oil and gas basin 134 3.2.6. Santa Maria oil and gas basin 142 3.2.7. Ventura-Santa Barbara oil and gas basin 148 3.2.8. San Joaquin oil and gas basin 156 CONTENTS 7 Zonal Hydrocarbon Accumulations in the Subsurface of Atlantic Group Continental Margins 163 4.1. Oil- and gas-accumulation zones at the rift (preceding) stage of continental margin evolution 164 4.1.1. Suez oil and gas basin 165 4.2. Early- and syn-oceanic continental margin evolution stage. Oil- and gas-accumulation zones 175 4.2.1. Sverdrup oil and gas basin 177 4.2.2. Alaska North Slope oil and gas basin 184 4.2.3. Beaufort-Mackenzie oil and gas basin 195 4.2.4. West Norwegian oil and gas basin 208 4.2.5. Northern North Sea oil and gas basin 214 4.2.6. Nigeria oil and gas basin 228 4.2.7. Jeanne D'Arc oil and gas basin 236 4.2.8. Nova Scotia Basin 244 4.2.9. Campos Basin 249 4.2.10. Bombay Basin 256 4.2.11. Carnarvon Basin 263 4.3. Transitional (Mediterranean) continental margin evolution stage. Oil- and gas-accumulation zones 270 4.3.1. Algiers-Libyan and East Mediterranean oil and gas provinces 272 4.3.1.1. Illizi subbasin 274 4.3.1.2. Triassic Province subbasin 278 4.3.1.3. Sirt oil and gas basin 284 4.3.1.4. Some common features in the distribution and formation of oil- and gas-accumulation zones in the Algiers-Libyan and East Mediterranean provinces 289 4.3.2. Oil- and gas-accumulation zones in the Cenozoic portion of the Mexican mega-province 290 4.3.2.1. Conform flexure and fault subbasin and Houston subbasin 292 4.3.2.2. Mississippi Delta subbasin 309 4.3.2.3. Gulf of Mexico deep water area 318 4.3.2.4. Characterization of the northern Gulf Of Mexico Province oil- and gas-accumulation zones 323 CONTENTS 5. General Patterns in Formation and Distribution of Oil- and Gas-Accumulation Zones in Subsurface the Continental Margins 327 5.1. Parameters and general characteristics of oil- and gas-accumulation zones 327 5.2. Specifics of the spatial distribution 342 5.3. Hydrocarbon concentration zone phase specialization 347 5.4. Most important factors in the formation and distribution of oil and gas accumulation zones 356 6. Zonal Oil and Gas Potential Forecast for the Russia's Offshore Areas. Initial Results 383 6.1. Offshore extension of the Timan-Pechora Province 383 6.2. Kara Sea 398 6.3. NE Sakhalin Shelf (North Sakhalin oil and gas basin) 409 Conclusions 415 Literature 417 Dedicated To Dr. Henry Chuang, and Dr. Chengyu Fu Chairman of Willie International for his important contributions Holdings Limited (Hong Kong, China) to the World Petroleum Industry for his commitment to the education and World Economy and advancement of the Petroleum Industry Petroleum Accumulation Zones on Continental Margins by Yu. N. Grigorenko, G. V. Chilingar, V. S. Sobolev, T. A. Andiyeva and L. I. Zhukova Copyright © 2012 Scrivener Publishing LLC. INTRODUCTION At high degree of scrutiny of the basic oil- and gas-bearing provinces of Rus- sia, of particular importance is the development of the continental shelf where more than a third of undeveloped hydrocarbon resources are located. Any further development of subaquatic oil and gas resources is impossible without the involvement of the new scientific techniques. Initial discoveries and evaluation of the oil- and gas-accumulation zones in the World Ocean have already begun. Highly important at this stage are the de- velopment of scientific grounds for the zonal forecast in the offshore areas and the creation of a representative databank. That is exactly what this book is all about. Its main subject, an oil- and gas- accumulation zones, requires some introductory notes. The appearance of a spatially variable zonal HC-sphere structure in the course of the depositional basin evolution is unavoidable as the formation of hydrocar- bons. Gubkin (1953) presented two major elements within the oil and gas basins, oil-collecting areas and oil-gas-accumulation zones. As the major petrogeological element, oil-gas-accumulation zones were discussed by I. O. Brod and Eremenko (1953), Khain (1954), Bakirov (1959), Uspenskaya (1972), Zolotov, Lebedev and Samsonov (1987), Perrodon (1991), Nesterov (1992) and many others. This con- cept took root, in particular, in the form of play analysis as a means for a detailed evaluation of the oil and gas potential on land and offshore. We consider the zonal oil and gas accumulation as an imminent property of oil and gas basins and the best example of the self-organization in these systems. Zones are an element of the non-uniform spatial macro-structure, which have arisen from a carboniferous matter that was previously uniformly distributed in the source rocks before catagenesis, emigration and hydrocarbon accumulation within traps. It makes it logical to define and identify the zones through the result of these processes as intrinsic natural groupings of the genetically and spatially associated fields. The zones are bounded by the areas where the fields are not present or are located at a significant distance away. Such a conceptual under-standing and identification of the zones is the only way that provides for applying the parameters and patterns of the formation and distribution of such objects in petroleum geology.