Peterson’s AP English Language & Composition Margaret C. Moran W. Frances Holder AboutThomsonPeterson’s ThomsonPeterson’s(www.petersons.com)isaleadingproviderofeducationinformationandadvice,withbooksand onlineresourcesfocusingoneducationsearch,testpreparation,andfinancialaid.ItsWebsiteofferssearchable databasesandinteractivetoolsforcontactingeducationalinstitutions,onlinepracticetestsandinstruction,andplanning toolsforsecuringfinancialaid.ThomsonPeterson’sserves110millioneducationconsumersannually. Formoreinformation,contactThomsonPeterson’s,2000LenoxDrive,Lawrenceville,NJ08648; 800-338-3282;orfindusontheWorldWideWebatwww.petersons.com/about. COPYRIGHT©2005ThomsonPeterson’s,apartofTheThomsonCorporation ThomsonLearning™isatrademarkusedhereinunderlicense. PreviouslypublishedasAPSuccess:EnglishLanguage&Composition. Editor:WallieWalker-Hammond;ProductionEditor:MeganHellerman;Manufacturing Manager:JudyColeman;CompositionManager:LindaM.Williams;CoverDesign: ChristinaChattin. ALLRIGHTSRESERVED.Nopartofthisworkcoveredbythecopyrighthereinmaybe reproducedorusedinanyformorbyanymeans—graphic,electronic,ormechanical, includingphotocopying,recording,taping,Webdistribution,orinformationstorageand retrievalsystems—withoutthepriorwrittenpermissionofthepublisher. Forpermissiontousematerialfromthistextorproduct,submitarequestonlineat www.thomsonrights.com Anyadditionalquestionsaboutpermissionscanbesubmittedbye-mailto [email protected] ISBN0-7689-1830-8 PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 07 06 05 FirstEdition ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Text from the Preface of Modern American Poetry, 5th Revised Edition by Louis Untermeyer. Copyright 1919, 1921, 1925, 1930, 1936 by Harcourt, Brace & Co, Inc. Reprinted by permission of Professional Publishing Service. Text excerpt from “Politics and the English Language” from Shooting an Elephant and Other Essays by George Orwell. Copyright 1946 by Sonia Brownell Orwell and renewed 1974 by Sonia Orwell. Reprinted by permission of Harcourt, Inc. and A. M. Heath & Company, Ltd. “Addressing the Graduating Class” from Essays, Speeches & Public Letters by William Faulkner ed. by James B. Meriweather. Copyright 1951 by William Faulkner. Reprinted by permission of Random House, Inc. and Chatto & Windus, Ltd. Petersons.com/publishing Check out our Web site at www.petersons.com/publishing to see if there is any new information regarding the test and any revisions or corrections to the content of this book. We’ve made sure the information in this book is accurate and up-to-date; however, the test format or content may have changed since the time of publication. CONTENTS Quick Reference Guide.................................. viii Table of Literary Works................................. ix INTRODUCTION 10 Strategies for Acing the Test......................... 2 10 Facts About the AP English Language and Composition Test........................................ 3 Scoring High on the AP English Language and Composition Test........................................ 6 Practice Plan for Studying for the AP English Language and Composition Test ................................... 10 The Panic Plan .......................................... 15 Suggested Reading ..................................... 17 Why Take the Diagnostic Test?.......................... 21 PART I: DIAGNOSING YOUR STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES Diagnostic Test.......................................... 25 Section I ............................................ 27 Section II............................................ 41 Answers and Explanations ........................... 46 Self-Evaluation Rubric for the Advanced Placement Essays............................................ 61 PART II: AP ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND COMPOSITION STRATEGIES Chapter 1 About Answering Multiple-Choice Questions................................... 65 Practice Plan .............................................. 65 Basic Information About the Multiple-Choice Section ............ 66 Setting Priorities ........................................... 68 Analyzing the Types of Questions............................. 69 Attacking the Questions: Strategies for Acing the Multiple-Choice Section ................................................ 71 Learn the Directions Now ................................... 74 A Final Word of Advice: Educated Guessing.................... 75 v CONTENTS Practice................................................... 76 Sample Questions .......................................... 77 Answers and Explanations................................... 83 Practice Set 1.............................................. 86 Answers and Explanations................................... 89 Practice Set 2.............................................. 92 Answers and Explanations................................... 95 Practice Set 3.............................................. 98 Answers and Explanations................................... 101 Practice Set 4.............................................. 103 Answers and Explanations................................... 105 Chapter 2 Writing the Essays.......................... 109 Practice Plan .............................................. 109 Basic Information About the Essay Section ..................... 110 Strategies for Acing the Essays ............................... 111 Analyzing Literature ........................................ 114 The Essay: A Quick Review.................................. 116 Types of Essays on the AP Exam ............................. 122 Some Practical Advice on Writing Your Essays.................. 128 Practice Essays............................................. 128 Sample Essay .............................................. 129 Suggestions for Sample Essay ................................ 131 Practice Essay 1............................................ 135 Suggestions for Practice Essay 1 .............................. 137 Practice Essay 2............................................ 139 Suggestions for Practice Essay 2 .............................. 141 Practice Essay 3............................................ 143 Suggestions for Practice Essay 3 .............................. 144 Self-Evaluation Rubric for the Advanced Placement Essays........ 145 PART III: ENGLISH USAGE AND GRAMMAR REVIEW Chapter 3 Quick Review: Parts of Speech, Grammar, Mechanics, and Usage Tips................. 149 Grammar for the Multiple-Choice Questions.................... 149 Some Practical Advice on Writing Your Essays.................. 153 98 Common Usage Problems................................. 169 Chapter 4 A Quick Review of Literary and Rhetorical Terms ....................................... 179 PART IV: PRACTICE TESTS Practice Test 1........................................... 189 Section I ............................................ 191 Section II............................................ 205 vi www.petersons.com CONTENTS Answers and Explanations ........................... 210 Self-Evaluation Rubric for the Advanced Placement Essays............................................ 225 Practice Test 2........................................... 227 Section I ............................................ 229 Section II............................................ 243 Answers and Explanations ........................... 248 Self-Evaluation Rubric for the Advanced Placement Essays............................................ 262 Practice Test 3........................................... 265 Section I ............................................ 267 Section II............................................ 279 Answers and Explanations ........................... 282 Self-Evaluation Rubric for the Advanced Placement Essays............................................ 295 vii www.petersons.com QUICK REFERENCE GUIDE TOPIC PAGE Analyzing Literature (checklist) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114 A Quick Review of Literary and Rhetorical Terms. . . . . . . . . . . . . 179 Quick Review: Parts of Speech, Grammar, Mechanics, and Usage Tips (a helpful grammar guide for writing your essays). . . . . 149 Basic Information about the Multiple-Choice Section. . . . . . . . . . . 66 Basic Information about the Essay Section. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110 Educated Guessing for Multiple-Choice Questions. . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 Effective Strategies for Reading Selections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 The Essay: A Quick Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116 Types of Essays on the AP Exam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122 Guidelines for Exposition. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122 Guidelines for Persuasion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124 Questions for Valid Reasoning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127 Multiple-Choice Question Types. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 Creating an Idea Bank. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168 Strategies for Acing the Essays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 Strategies for Acing the Multiple-Choice Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 6 IMPORTANT STRATEGIES 1. If it’s a main idea or theme question, look for the answer that is the most general and can be supported by evidence in the selection. 2. All elements in an answer must be correct for the answer to be correct. 3. Don’t rely on your memory; go back to the passage. 4. For vocabulary questions, substitute the definitions in the sentence. Always read a line or two above and a line or two below the reference to check the context. 5. With not/except questions, ask yourself if an answer choice is true about the selection. If it is, cross it out and keep checking answers. 6. If you aren’t sure about an answer but know something about the question, eliminate what you know is wrong and make an educated guess. viii TABLE OF LITERARY WORKS The following list represents all the works discussed in this book, broken out by chapter. DIAGNOSTIC TEST Mary Wollstonecraft, from A Vindication of the Rights of Women......................................... 27 Walt Whitman, from “Preface” to the 1855 Edition of Leaves of Grass.................................. 31 George Orwell, from Politics and the English Language ... 34 Mark Twain, from Roughing It ......................... 38 William Faulkner, “Addressing the Graduating Class,” University High School, Oxford, Mississippi .......... 41 Andrew Carnegie, from Wealth ......................... 43 Abigail Adams, “Letter to Her Daughter from the New White House”.................................... 44 CHAPTER 1 Hector St. John de Crèvecoeur, from the third essay of Letters from an American Farmer.................. 77 From “The Law of the Great Peace” from the Iroquois Confederacy..................................... 86 Elizabeth Cady Stanton, from the “Declaration of Sentiments”...................................... 92 New York Herald, “Assassination of President Lincoln”..... 98 L.H. Heller, from “Extinct Animals” in Americana, 1908.... 103 CHAPTER 2 Ralph Waldo Emerson, from Self-Reliance,................ 129 James Boswell, from “Feelings” in The Life of Samuel Johnson......................................... 135 Mark Twain, “Advice to Little Girls” ..................... 139 ix TABLE OF LITERARY WORKS PRACTICE TEST 1 Louis Untermeyer, from the “Preface” of Modern American Poetry, a Critical Anthology ....................... 191 Benjamin Franklin, from “Dialogue Between Gout and Mr. Franklin”........................................ 195 Adam Smith, from The Wealth of Nations................ 199 Bey Emil Brugsch, from “Finding Pharaoh,” in Century Magazine ....................................... 202 Mary Shelley, from Introduction to Frankenstein ......... 205 Ralph Waldo Emerson, from “The American Scholar” ...... 207 Samuel Johnson, from Preface to Shakespeare ............ 208 PRACTICE TEST 2 Elizabeth I, “Speech to Her Last Parliament” .............. 229 Richard Steele, “Dueling” .............................. 232 Alexander Johnston, from “The American Game of Football,” in Century Magazine .................... 236 Frederick Douglass, from My Bondage and My Freedom... 240 Henry David Thoreau, from Civil Disobedience ........... 243 Elizabeth Keckley, “The Death of President Lincoln”....... 245 Woodrow Wilson, “Appeal for Neutrality”................ 247 PRACTICE TEST 3 Thomas Paine, from The Crisis.......................... 267 Mary Chesnut, from Mary Chesnut’s War ................ 270 Chief Joseph, “I will fight no more forever” .............. 273 Samuel Johnson, “Letter to Lord Chesterfield”............. 275 Abraham Lincoln, “Inaugural Address” ................... 279 Frances A. Kemble, from Record of a Girlhood ........... 280 x www.petersons.com