Pest Management in Cotton Pest Management in Cotton A Global Perspective Edited by Graham A. Matthews Emeritus Professor, Imperial College London and Thomas A. Miller Emeritus Professor, University of California, Riverside, California CABI is a trading name of CAB International CABI CABI Nosworthy Way WeWork Wallingford One Lincoln Street Oxfordshire OX10 8DE 24th Floor UK Boston, MA 02111 USA Tel: +44 (0)1491 832111 Fax: +44 (0)1491 833508 Tel: +1 (617)682-9015 E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.cabi.org © CAB International 2022. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronically, mechanically, by photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owners. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library, London, UK. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Matthews, G. A., editor. | Miller, Thomas A., (Entomologist), editor. Title: Pest management in cotton : a global perspective / edited by G. A. Matthews, and T. Miller. Description: Boston : CAB International, [2021] | Includes bibliographical references and index. | Summary: “This book describes the background and present state of pest management in cotton crops throughout the world. Cotton is one of the most economically important crops globally, and new, emerging pests driven by climate change, for example, are proving increasingly problematic. The book highlights new techniques in cotton crop protection”-- Provided by publisher. Identifiers: LCCN 2021023836 (print) | LCCN 2021023837 (ebook) | ISBN 9781800620216 (hardback) | ISBN 9781800620223 (ebook) | ISBN 9781800620230 (epub) Subjects: LCSH: Cotton--Diseases and pests--Control. | Agricultural pests--Control. Classification: LCC SB608.C8 P462 2021 (print) | LCC SB608.C8 (ebook) | DDC 633.5/1--dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2021023836 LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2021023837 References to internet websites (URLs) were accurate at the time of writing. ISBN: 9781800620216 (hardback) 9781800620223 (ePDF) 9781800620230 (ePub) Commissioning Editor: Ward Cooper Editorial Assistant: Emma McCann Production Editor: Tim Kapp Typeset by SPi, Pondicherry, India Printed and bound in the UK by Severn, Gloucester Contents Dedications vii List of Contributors ix Acknowledgements xi Prologue xiii 1. Origins of Cotton 1 Graham Matthews 2. Cotton in the United States of America and Mexico 8 C.T. Allen, Steven M. Brown, Charlie Cahoon, Keith Edmisten, Rogers Leonard, T. Miller, Jane Pierce, Dominic Reisig and Phillip Roberts 3. Cotton Growing in India 30 V.N. Waghmare, M.V. Venugopalan, V.S. Nagrare, S.P. Gawande and D.T. Nagrale 4. Cotton Growing in Pakistan, Bangladesh and Myanmar 53 Abid Ali, Zeeshan Ahmed and Zheng Guo 5. Growing Cotton in China 80 Lu Zhaozhi, Li Xueyue, Zhang Wangfeng, Zheng Juyun, Liang Fei, Yang Desong, Tian Jingshan, Gao Guizhen, Wang Juneduo and Abid Ali 6. Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan 101 Bahodir Eshchanov and Shadmon E. Namazov 7. Cotton Growing Along the Nile (Egypt and Sudan) 113 Graham Matthews 8. Cotton in Southern Africa (Zimbabwe, South Africa [Eswatini], Malawi, Zambia, Mozambique and Angola) 129 Graham Matthews and John Tunstall 9. Cotton Growing in East Africa (Tanzania, Ethiopia, Uganda and Kenya) 156 J. Kabissa, Pius Elobu and Anthony Muriithi v vi Contents 10. Cotton Growing in West Africa (Mali, Burkina Faso, Côte d’Ivoire, Senegal, Benin, Togo, Niger, Cameroon, Nigeria and Ghana) 185 Germain Ochou Ochou, S.W. Avicor and G.A. Matthews 11. Cotton Growing in Australia 216 Graham Matthews and Paul Grundy 12. Cotton Growing in South America and the Caribbean (Brazil, Argentina, Peru, Paraguay, Colombia and the Caribbean) 225 Simone Silva Vieira and Graham Matthews 13. Cotton Growing Around the Mediterranean (Turkey, Greece, Spain and Israel) 245 Feza Can, Cafer Mart, Berkant Ödemiş and Yaşar Akişcan 14. A Look Forward 264 Graham Matthews Index 273 Dedications To my devoted wife Moira for her unending love and support. Graham Matthews I dedicate my portion of this volume to the late John Benson and the late Don Cox, two cotton growers in the Imperial Valley, California; the late Wally Shropshire, gin operator; Bob Roberson, branch chief of the California Department of Food and Agriculture, Integrated Pest Control branch; and Bob Staten, United States Department of Agriculture. The people to whom this volume is dedicated taught me just how difficult farming is and how much even the smallest of research contributions are treasured and how the pink bollworm alone nearly destroyed the cotton industry in California and Arizona. All of this was done out of the public eye. In the Caribbean, Barbados Sea Island cotton is grown and they have the pink bollworm greatly restricting their crop, so there is a threat that it might return to the USA. The five named above are heroes of mine because they went about their business unheralded; also they are examples of how the combination of university, industry and government can succeed when the right people are properly focused on goals and are unconcerned about who gets the credit. This volume is dedicated to those who produce cotton in many parts of the world under such a wide range of pests and climates. Thomas Miller vii List of Contributors Zeeshan Ahmed, Postdoc Fellow, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xinjiang, 830011, China Yaşar Akisc̹ an, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Hatay Mustafa Kemal, Hatay, Turkey Abid Ali, Assistant Professor, Department of Entomology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad 38040, Punjab-Pakistan, and Adjunct Professor, College of Life Science, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang 110034, Liaoning, China Charles T. Allen, Professor and Extension Specialist and Associate Department Head Emeritus, Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service, San Angelo, Texas 76904, USA Silas Wintuma Avicor, Entomology Division, Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana, PO Box 8, New Tafo-Akim, Ghana Steven M. Brown, Department of Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences, Auburn University, Alabama 36849, USA Charlie Cahoon, Crop and Soil Sciences, NC State University, Raleigh, NC 27695 Feza Can, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Hatay Mustafa Kemal, Hatay, Turkey Keith Edmisten, Professor of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA Pius Elobu, Research Officer, National Semi-Arid Resources Research Institute, Uganda Bahodir Eshchanov, Associate Professor at the Department of Plants and Agricultural Products Quarantine, International Affairs at Scientific Research institute of Plant Protection, Michigan State University Co-ordinator in Uzbekistan Gao Guizhen, College of Forestry and Horticulture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China. S.P. Gawande, ICAR-Central Institute for Cotton Research, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India Paul Grundy, Principal Scientist, Crop and Food Science, Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, PO Box 102, Toowoomba, Queensland 4350, Australia Joe C.B. Kabissa, Independent Consultant and Former Director General of the Tanzania Cotton Board, PO Box 36518, Kigamboni, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania Billy R. Leonard, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA Li Xueyuan, Cash Crop Research Institute, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, China. Liang Fei, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Reclamation Sciences, China. Lu Zhaozhi, Professor, College of Plant Health & Medicine, Qindao Agriculture University, China Cafer Mart, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Hatay Mustafa Kemal, Hatay, Turkey Graham A. Matthews, Emeritus Professor, Imperial College London, Silwood Park, Ascot, UK Thomas Miller, Professor Emeritus, University of California, Riverside, California, USA ix