PERSPECTIVES IN WORLD FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2004 EDITED BY COLIN G. SCANES JOHN A. MIRANOWSKI PERSPECTIVES IN WORLD FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2004 PERSPECTIVES IN WORLD FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2004 EDITED BY COLIN G. SCANES JOHN A. MIRANOWSKI Colin G.Scanesis a Professor of Animal Science at Iowa State University. He was for- merly Executive Associate Dean of the College of Agriculture and founding Interim Di- rector of the Plant Sciences Institute at Iowa State University. He was educated in the United Kingdom with a B.Sc. from Hull University and Ph.D. from the University of Wales. He was formerly on the faculty at the University of Leeds and Rutgers—The State University of New Jersey, where he was department chair. He has published exten- sively with more than 10 books and 500 papers. He has received numerous awards, in- cluding Honorary Professor at the Agricultural University of Ukraine. John A.Miranowskiholds both an A.M. and a Ph.D. in Economics from Harvard University and a B.S. from Iowa State University. He is presently a Professor of Agricul- tural Economics at Iowa State University. He was formerly Director, Resources and Technology Division at the USDA’s Economic Research Service and Executive Coordina- tor of the Secretary of Agriculture’s Policy Coordination Council, Special Assistant to the Deputy Secretary of Agriculture, and Head of the Department of Economics at Iowa State University. “The State of World Food Security” © Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, used with permission. © 2004 Iowa State Press A Blackwell Publishing Company All rights reserved Iowa State Press 2121 State Avenue, Ames, Iowa 50014 Orders: 1—800—862—6657 Office: 1—515—292—0140 Fax: 1—515—292—3348 Web site: www.iowastatepress.com Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use, or the internal or personal use of specific clients, is granted by Iowa State Press, provided that the base fee of $.10 per copy is paid directly to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923. For those organizations that have been granted a photocopy license by CCC, a separate system of payments has been arranged. The fee code for users of the Transactional Reporting Service is 0—8138—2021—9/2004 $.10. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Perspectives in world food and agriculture, 2004 / edited by Colin G. Scanes and John A. Miranowski p. cm. ISBN 0-8138-2021-9 (alk. paper) 1. Agriculture. 2. Food supply. 3. Agriculture and state. I. Scanes, C. G.II. Miranowski, J. A. S439.P44 2003 338.1'8—dc21 2003009569 The last digit is the print number: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 This book is dedicated to Dr. Norman E. Borlaug Scientist, Agriculturalist, Humanitarian, Father of the green revolution, Nobel Peace Prize Laureate, Founder of the World Food Prize Dr. Norman E. Borlaug (center) meeting the editors, John Miranowski (left) and Colin Scanes (right) at the Iowa capitol building at the announcement of Norman Borlaug Day in 2002. Contents Foreword Kenneth M. Quinn xi Preface xiii Acknowledgments xvii Section I Frontiers in World Food 1 1 The State of World Food Security Food and Agrigculture Organization of the United Nations 3 2 Feeding a World of 10 Billion People: Our 21st Century Challenge Norman E. Borlaug 31 3 Dr. Norman E. Borlaug: 20th Century Lessons for the 21st Century World Kenneth M. Quinn 57 4 An Appeal by the 15 World Food Prize Laureates on the Occasion of the World Food Summit: Five Years Later 71 5 Reducing Hunger by Improving Soil Fertility: An African Success Story Pedro A. Sanchez 75 6 Achieving the 2020 Vision in the Shadow of International Terrorism Per Pinstrup-Andersen 87 Section II Frontiers in Food 99 7 HACCP as a Model for Improving Food Safety Catherine E. Woteki, Margaret O’K. Glavin, and Brian D. Kineman 101 vii viii Contents 8 Leading Changes in Food Retailing: Seven Steps to a Demand-Driven Food System Jean D. Kinsey 119 Section III Frontiers in Animal Agriculture 135 9 The Importance of Livestock for the World’s Poor R. R. von Kaufmann and Hank Fitzhugh 137 10 Agricultural and Environmental Issues in the Management of Animal Manures H. H. Van Horn and W. J. Powers 161 11 The Equine Industry—Economic and Societal Impact Karyn Malinowski and Norman Luba 187 Section IV Frontiers in Water 205 12 Managing Water Insecurity Jacques Diouf 207 13 Neither Water nor Food Security Without a Major Shift in Thinking— A Water-Scarcity Close-Up M. Falkenmark and J. Rockström 211 14 Major Problems in the Global Water-Food Nexus David Seckler and Upali Amarasinghe 227 15 Water Scarcity: From Problems to Opportunities in the Middle East Mona Mostafa El Kady 253 16 The Role of Biosaline Agriculture in Managing Freshwater Shortages and Improving Water Security Mohammad Al-Attar 271 17 Coping with Water Scarcity in Dry Areas: Challenges and Options Adel El-Beltagy and Theib Oweis 283