PPeerrffoorrmmaannccee GGrraaddeedd AAsspphhaalltt CCeemmeennttss ffoorr AAiirrffiieelldd PPaavveemmeennttss bbyy DDaarryyll MMaaccLLeeoodd,, PP..EEnngg.. RReesseeaarrcchh aanndd DDeevveellooppmmeenntt MMaannaaggeerr AAsspphhaalltt MMaarrkkeettiinngg HHuusskkyy EEnneerrggyy CCAAPPTTGG WWoorrkksshhoopp SSWWIIFFTT AAnnnnuuaall CCoonnffeerreennccee CCaallggaarryy AAllbbeerrttaa,, SSeepptteemmbbeerr 1166,, 22000077 ™ HUSKY ASPHALT CCAAPPTTGG CCaallggaarryy 22000077 11 PPrrooppeerrttiieess ooff AAsspphhaalltt • Critical conditions during construction and service – Construction: • mixing • spreading (cid:208) appropriate viscosity • compacting – Service : • plastic deformation (rutting) • thermal cracking • fatigue cracking CCAAPPTTGG CCaallggaarryy 22000077 22 SSppeecciiffiiccaattiioonnss ooff PPaavviinngg AAsspphhaallttss • The role of specifications: – specify properties that directly reflect asphalt behaviour – express these properties in physical units – provide information from which the service performance can be predicted – establish limits for those properties to exclude poor performing products CCAAPPTTGG CCaallggaarryy 22000077 33 CCaannaaddiiaann FFeeddeerraall SSppeecciiffiiccaattiioonn Absolute Viscosity at 60°C vs Penetration at 25°C (CGSB SPECIFICATION) 1000 0 7 C Group A 60/ 0 0 ° 1 0 0/ 6 Group B 8 t a y 50 t Group C 1 osi s] 120/ 0 c a. 100 20 s P 0/ Vi [ 15 e ut 00 3 ol 0/ s 20 b A 00 4 0/ 0 3 10 10 100 1000 Penetration at 25°C [dmm] PeCCnAAetPPraTTtioGGn CCat aa2ll5gg°aCa rr[yyd m22m000]077 44 SSuuppeerrppaavvee PPGG SSppeecciiffiiccaattiioonn • Superpave specification attempts to measure properties that are directly related to pavement field performance PERFORMANCE PROPERTY TEST EQUIPMENT Rotational Viscometer Handling Flow Pump Rutting Permanent Deformation Dynamic Shear Rheometer Fatigue Structural Cracking Cracking Bending Beam Rheometer Thermal Low Temp Cracking Direct Tension Tester Cracking CCAAPPTTGG CCaallggaarryy 22000077 55 SSuuppeerrppaavvee PPGG SSppeecciiffiiccaattiioonn • Strategic Highway Research Program (SHRP) – $50 million research 1987 through to 1993 – Development of related products and technologies • Superpave continues to be administered by the FHWA today • Federal Aviation Administration 1994 – Evaluation began with a draft specification in December 1999 (NCAT review) – AASHTO provisional guidance for PG grade bumping was provided by AI CCAAPPTTGG CCaallggaarryy 22000077 66 SSuuppeerrppaavvee PPGG SSppeecciiffiiccaattiioonn • ITEM P-401 Plant Mix Bituminous Pavements (Superpave) Interm specification) – Gross aircraft weights – Taxiways / aprons pavements • Unified Facilities Guide Specification UFSG-02749 March 2002 – Aircraft tire pressure CCAAPPTTGG CCaallggaarryy 22000077 77 SSuuppeerrppaavvee AAsspphhaalltt BBiinnddeerr SSppeecciiffiiccaattiioonn PG 58 - 31 Min pavement Performance temperature Grade Maximum pavement temperature CCAAPPTTGG CCaallggaarryy 22000077 88 PPeerrffoorrmmaannccee GGrraaddee SSppeecciiffiiccaattiioonnss – PGAC specifications explicitly quantify the binder performance at actual in-service pavement temperatures – PGAC specifications explicitly consider the in- service aging characteristics of the binder once it is placed in the pavement – PGAC specifications contain formal protocols for addressing in-service traffic conditions (+ FAA recommendations for airfield pavements) – PGAC specifications explicitly accommodate the concept of reliability – PGAC specifications can be used to specify (high performance) modified binder systems CCAAPPTTGG CCaallggaarryy 22000077 99 PPeerrffoorrmmaannccee GGrraaddeess CEC Avg 7-day Max, oC PG 46 PG 52 PG 58 PG 64 PG 70 PG 76 PG 82 1-day Min, oC -34 -40 -46 -10 -16 -22 -28 -34 -40 -46 -16 -22 -28 -34 -40 -10 -16 -22 -28 -34 -40 -10 -16 -22 -28 -34 -40 -10 -16 -22 -28 -34 -10 -16 -22 -28 -34 OORRIIGGIINNAALL > 230 oC FP (Flash Point) . < 3 Pa s@135 oC (Rotational Viscosity) RV DSR (Dynamic Shear Rheometer) G*/sin δ > 1.00 kPa 46 52 58 64 70 76 82 RRTTFFOO ((RROOLLLLIINNGG TTHHIINN FFIILLMM OOVVEENN)) MMaassss LLoossss << 11..0000 %% DSR (Dynamic Shear Rheometer) G*/sin δ > 2.20 kPa 46 52 58 64 70 76 82 PPAAVV ((PPRREESSSSUURREE AAGGIINNGG VVEESSSSEELL)) 20 Hours, 2.07 MPa 90 90 100 100 100 (110) 100 (110) 110 (110) DSR (Dynamic Shear Rheometer) G* sin δ < 5000 kPa 10 7 4 25 22 19 16 13 10 7 25 22 19 16 13 31 28 25 22 19 16 34 31 28 25 22 19 37 34 31 28 25 40 37 3248 31 S <300MPa m >0.300 ( Bending Beam Rheometer) BBR “S”Stiffness & “m”-value -24 -30 -36 0 -6 -12 -18 -24 -30 -36 -6 -12 -18 -24 -30 0 -6 -12 -18 -24 -30 0 -6 -12 -18 -24 -30 0 -6 -12 -18 -24 0 -6 -12 - 18 -24 Report Value BBR (Bending Beam Rheometer) Physical Hardening > 1.00 % DT (Direct Tension) -24 -30 -36 0 -6 -12 -18 -24 CC -30AA PP-36TT G-G6 C-C12aa l-l1gg8a a -2rr4yy -223000 0 00 77 -6 -12 -18 -24 -30 0 -6 -12 -18 -24 -30 0 -6 -12 -18 -24 0 -611 00-12 -18 -24