Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Retrospective Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 1993 Perceptions of field officers, extension officers and farmers regarding agricultural extension education in Swaziland Musa M. A. Dube Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at:https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd Part of theAdult and Continuing Education Administration Commons,Adult and Continuing Education and Teaching Commons, and theAgricultural Education Commons Recommended Citation Dube, Musa M. A., "Perceptions of field officers, extension officers and farmers regarding agricultural extension education in Swaziland " (1993).Retrospective Theses and Dissertations. 10422. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd/10422 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. 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Ann Arbor, MI 48106 Perceptions of field officers, extension officers, and farmers regarding Agricultural Extension Education in Swaziland by Musa M. A. Dube A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Department: Agricultural Education and Studies Major: Agricultural Education (Agricultural Extension Education) Approved: Signature was redacted for privacy. In 0fiarge of Majo r work Signature was redacted for privacy. For the Major Department Signature was redacted for privacy. For the Graduate College Iowa State University Ames, Iowa 1993 il TABLE OF CONTENTS Page CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION 1 Statement of the Problem 5 Purpose and Objectives of the Study 5 Theoretical Framework of the Study 6 Need for the Study 8 Limitations of the Study 9 Implications and Educational Significance 9 Operational Definition of Terms 10 Acronyms 11 CHAPTER II. LITERATURE REVIEW 13 Background on Agricultural Extension Education 13 Types of Agricultural Extension Systems 18 History of Agricultural Extension Education in Swaziland 23 Criticisms of Agricultural Extension in Swaziland 25 Studies Related to Agricultural Extension Education 35 Sujranary of the Review of Literature 41 CHAPTER III. METHODS AND PROCEDURES OF THE STUDY 43 Purpose and Objectives 43 Research Design 44 Population and Sample Selection 44 Instrumentation 45 Collection of Data 47 Analysis of Data 48 ill Page CHAPTER IV. FINDINGS AND ANALYSIS 49 Demographic Information 49 Respondents' Perceptions Regarding the Aspects of Extension 57 Comparisons of Respondents' Perceptions of Extension According to Selected Demographic Variables 71 Relationships between Respondents' Perceptions of Extension and Selected Demographic Variables 149 Added Statements of the Aspects of Extension 159 General Suggestions and Comments to Improve Extension 163 CHAPTER V. DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS 166 Demographic Information 167 Program Objectives 171 Program Principles 174 Teaching Methods 175 Teaching Tools 176 Problems in Extension 177 Perceptions in Relation to Selected Demographic Variables 179 Relationships between Respondents' Perceptions of AEE and Selected Demographic Variables 182 General Suggestions and Comments to Improve Extension 183 Proposed Model for Planning AEE Activities in Swaziland 184 Implications 187 CHAPTER VI. SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS 188 Purpose, Objectives, and Procedures 188 Summary of Major Findings 190 iv Page Conclusions 193 Recommendations 194 Recommendations for Further Research 195 BIBLIOGRAPHY 196 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 202 APPENDIX A. INDIVIDUAL GROUP DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS 203 APPENDIX B. LETTER TO THE SENIOR AGRICULTURAL OFFICER 206 APPENDIX C. LETTER FROM THE SENIOR AGRICULTURAL OFFICER 208 APPENDIX D. COVER LETTER TO SURVEY INSTRUMENT 210 APPENDIX E. SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE 212 APPENDIX F. HUMAN SUBJECT RESEARCH APPROVAL FORM 223 V LIST OF TABLES Page Reliability coefficients of instrument on agricultural education 47 Frequency and percentage distribution of respondents by region 50 Frequency and percentage distribution of respondents by position 51 Frequency and percentage distribution of respondents by age 52 Frequency and percentage distribution of respondents by academic qualifications 52 Frequency and percentage distribution of respondents by farm/work experience 53 Frequency and percentage distribution of respondents by gender 54 Frequency and percentage distribution of respondents by marital status 54 Frequency and percentage distribution of respondents by major purpose of farming 55 Frequency and percentage distribution of respondents by agricultural enterprise 56 Frequency and percentage distribution of respondents by decision about farming 56 Means and standard deviations of perceptions held by Swaziland field officers, extension officers, and farmers regarding program objectives 58 Means and standard deviations of perceptions held by Swaziland field officers, extension officers, and farmers regarding program principles 61 Means and standard deviations of perceptions held by Swaziland field officers, extension officers, and farmers regarding extension teaching methods 64