University of Arkansas, Fayetteville ScholarWorks@UARK Theses and Dissertations 12-2015 Perceptions of Agricultural Leadership Academic Programs at 1862 Land-Grant Universities Jackson Cole Alexander University of Arkansas, Fayetteville Follow this and additional works at:http://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd Part of theAgricultural Education Commons Recommended Citation Alexander, Jackson Cole, "Perceptions of Agricultural Leadership Academic Programs at 1862 Land-Grant Universities" (2015).Theses and Dissertations. 1394. http://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd/1394 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UARK. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UARK. For more information, please [email protected]. Perceptions of Agricultural Leadership Academic Programs at 1862 Land-Grant Universities A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Agricultural and Extension Education by Jackson Alexander Oklahoma State University Bachelor of Science in Agricultural Communications, 2013 December 2015 University of Arkansas This thesis is approved for recommendation to the Graduate Council. _____________________________________ Dr. K. Jill Rucker Thesis Committee Chair _____________________________________ ____________________________________ Dr. Donna L. Graham Dr. Jefferson D. Miller Committee Member Committee Member _____________________________________ Dr. Jason K. Apple Committee Member Abstract This study sought to characterize perceptions of agricultural leadership programs in colleges of agriculture, food, life, human, or environmental sciences at 1862 land-grant institutions. Twenty-six academic programs were identified with a major, minor, graduate degree, specialization, concentration, or certificate in agricultural leadership. Programs were identified through analyzing the APLU and USDA NIFA websites, searching academic college websites, and contacting deans and departments heads. Objectives included identifying programs, describing the need for programs, describing evolution that has taken place within the discipline, describing faculty recommendations for future development and growth in the field, and examining why faculty believe programs are relevant. Mixed methods were employed with a survey instrument, document analysis, and qualitative interview. Quantitative data were analyzed via descriptive statistics, and qualitative data were analyzed using thematic analysis, including open and axial coding. Twenty-two respondents completed the survey, while 19 completed the interview. Agricultural leadership was formed from a need in the agricultural industry but holds roots in agricultural and extension education. The discipline evolved by taking on a broad appeal, as well as experiencing growth through the expansion of community and rural leadership development. Faculty recommended collaborative efforts across the discipline through establishing a professional organization, but also indicated a unified vision was imperative for growth. Faculty were asked about the outlook of the field and foresaw growth nationwide. When referencing the relevancy of agricultural leadership’s role in academia, two themes emerged: a) agricultural leadership creates leaders through developing “human capital,” and b) graduates promote industry growth through their political, policy, and public influence. Results aligned with research indicating the discipline should be analyzed to promote a unified vision for sustainability. This vision includes collaboration to establish a set of standards and proficiencies to prepare students for roles as industry leaders. The study identified the top agricultural leadership programs at 1862 land-grant institutions, which were the University of Florida, Texas A&M University, the University of Nebraska, Oklahoma State University, and Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. Future recommendations for research included identifying perceptions of agricultural leadership beyond the scope of 1862 land-grant institutions. ©2015 by Jackson Alexander All Rights Reserved Acknowledgements Finding a place to begin thanking those around me who deserve credit for my success is nearly impossible; however, I’ll strive to give credit where credit is due. The people who have advanced my growth, both intellectually and personally, are not to be forgotten and deserve the utmost praise and adulation. My journey started in a small town in Southwest Oklahoma and is continuing to unfold as a, now, resident Arkansan. From my time as a student at Oklahoma State University to my time spent at the University of Arkansas, I have been beyond blessed to create friendships, build networks, and make the most of each opportunity and experience that has come my way. From being a scared freshman in Stillwater, to an even more scared graduate student in Fayetteville, and now a seemingly talented young professional in Little Rock, Arkansas, I never imagined how I would grow as a student, as a professional, and as a person. First and foremost, I owe an immense amount of gratitude to the University of Arkansas Department of Agricultural Education, Communications, and Technology. Specifically, thank you to Dr. Kate Shoulders for keeping me on a tight leash during Research Methods and not allowing me to settle for anything less than my best. Thank you for also being a research guru and willing to offer your ideas and knowledge whenever it was needed. To Ms. Casandra Cox, I would be remiss if I didn’t thank you, as well. For two years, you served as a therapist, a mentor, and a friend. I knew anytime I had a question or concern, you were a short text or email away. To the members of my graduate committee: Drs. Miller, Apple, Graham, and Rucker. Your guidance, vision, advice, and insight have given me a document I am proud to put my name on. I cannot offer enough thanks to three of my favorite Cowboys and one of my favorite Razorbacks. Dr. Apple, you were the first faculty member I met at the U of A, and I credit the hospitality I was shown by both Dr. Graham and yourself as a major reason why I chose to call the University of Arkansas “home.” Dr. Miller, your constant encouragement and knowledge of qualitative methodologies was invaluable to the success of my degree, and I will forever be appreciative of your support. Dr. Graham, you’ve been like another family member to me, and I cannot thank you enough for being a go-to contact when it came to school work, thesis research and writing, and even finding my first job. Finally, to my adviser, Dr. Rucker, thank you for everything you continue to do. When I interviewed with you over two years ago, I knew we would strike up a friendship and begin a journey that would last a lifetime. From you offering advice in the toughest of situations, to sharing Sonic runs or Taco Bueno adventures, or giving continued support and encouragement as I finished my degree, I couldn’t have chosen any wiser. From early on, I was apprehensive about writing research, but your encouragement and assistance gave me the tools I needed to stick it out and finish what I started. To my friends: Anadarko friends, Stillwater friends, and Fayetteville friends – each and every one of you have been a pillar to lean on in times of good and bad. I know I can call or text any time things get rough or when I have a funny story to share. Samantha, Lacey, Bo/David, Kristina, Taylor, Corey, Kelsey, Marcy, Lindsey, Emily, Karen, and Katey – there aren’t enough words to describe how much each of you mean to me, and I am forever grateful for the laughs, cries, ups and downs you’ve all given me along the way. When I get mad at the world, I know I can count on y’all to pick me up and help me keep going. A very special “thank you” goes out to my fellow original member of “Team Rucker,” Sarah Wright. Thank you for sharing in my frustrations and my celebrations. Together, along with Dr. Jill, we proved that team Rucker was a force to be reckoned with! I couldn’t offer thanks without showing appreciation to my family. I couldn’t have asked for a stronger support system that pushes me to want more for myself and be better in everything I do. From early mornings in the show barn, to late nights at speech contests, or picking me up at the airport to drop me off at a hotel or convention center, I could always rely on y’all to be there to chauffeur, critique, and support. To mamaw, grandma and grandpa – thanks for always being willing to drive me around, run paper routes, send cards with money, or check on livestock when we were out of town for shows. Your work never went unseen. To mom and dad – I may not always show it, but I love you both so much. I’ve never questioned your love, your support, or your intentions. I know you’ve always wanted the best for me and to never settle for any less. The long nights and early mornings were worth every single weary-eyed adventure. Finally, to my wife, Amie – thank you for just being you. You’ve stood by me through good times and bad and supported me in every way so that I could attain this dream. Your heartfelt advice was always given careful consideration because I knew you had my best interests at heart. I truly couldn’t have finished this thing without you by my side. Our adventures are just beginning, but I cannot wait to see where love, work, and even school take us. Former United States Speaker of the House of Representatives, Newt Gingrich, once said, “Perseverance is the hard work you do after you get tired of doing the hard work you already did.” Graduate school may not be the most challenging thing I ever do, but it opened my eyes to perseverance and dedication. My graduate courses and writing this thesis proved to me that I could do anything I set my mind to, and the journey doesn’t stop here. Hard work may not be fun. Hard work may not be glamorous. But in the end, hard work rewards those who stick to it. I’m proud to have completed my thesis research, but I’m even prouder to say my degree came from the University of Arkansas. As the University of Arkansas alma mater says, “We, of the Present, thy hope of the Future – Mother of Mothers, we pray unto you,” we are the product of the present and the hope of the future. If we couple our hard work with the values and knowledge learned during our time at the U of A, may our future be better than our past. Table of Contents I. Introduction ..............................................................................................................................1 A. Need for the Study ....................................................................................................................1 B. Statement of the Problem .........................................................................................................2 C. Purpose Statement and Research Objectives ............................................................................4 D. Definitions of Key Terms .........................................................................................................4 E. Assumptions .............................................................................................................................7 F. Limitations ................................................................................................................................7 II. Review of Literature .................................................................................................................8 A. Conceptual Framework ............................................................................................................8 Overview of the Land-Grant System ........................................................................................8 History of Leadership Development ........................................................................................9 Leadership Development in Agricultural and Extension Education ......................................10 Leadership Development as an Academic Discipline ............................................................12 Impact of Agricultural Leadership on Society .......................................................................13 Assessing the Agricultural Leadership Discipline .................................................................17 B. Theoretical Framework ..........................................................................................................20 Theory of Planned Behavior ...................................................................................................20 Bloom’s Taxonomy ................................................................................................................23 C. Summary ................................................................................................................................26 III. Methodologies .......................................................................................................................27 A. Introduction ............................................................................................................................27 B. Institutional Review Board .....................................................................................................28