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Research Paper Medical Science E-ISSN No : 2454-9916 | Volume : 7 | Issue : 1 | Jan 2021 PERCEPTIONREGARDINGMENTALILLNESS Hina Singh1 | Luxmi Devi2 1M.Sc (N) Student, Psychiatric Nursing, Teerthanker Mahaveer College of Nursing, Moradabad, U.P., India. 2Assistant Professor, Psychiatric Nursing, Teerthanker Mahaveer College of Nursing, Moradabad, U.P., India. ABSTRACT Mental health disorders are widely recognized as a major contributor to the global burden of disease worldwide. The community showed lack of knowledge concerning mental illness, inability to identify types and had negative views regarding mental illness. Grounded theory research design was used to assess the perception regarding mental illness. It clearly states that mental illness is still not well understood, often disregarded and considered as a taboo. 12 participants were selected by simple random sampling. Data was collected by in-depth interview and open ended questionnaire. Findings of the study revealed that there are various factors which affect mental health, it consist of six major themes - Mental illness is different from other disease, Caused by accident and shock, Cured by seeking medical advice, Having friends puts a positive impact on mentally ill person, Mentally ill people should not get married and do job, Mentally ill person is burden and disturbs family atmosphere. The present study concluded that, mental illness are the behavioral or intellectual health disorder that distort a individual emotion, reasoning, enduring capability and periodic operation thus declining one's capacity for coping with ordinary demands of life. Various activities have been associated to mental illness such people exhibit unusual pattern of behavior such as they show excessive temper tantrum, hurt other people in the society, speaks loudly and irrelevantly, usually repeats one task several time, becomes violent which as a result develop burden over the family member and they felt difficult to manage them. KEYWORDS: Perception, Mental Illness, Rural Population. 1. INTRODUCTION: Finding revealed that 50% belongs to the category of 18-42yr and 50% belong to World Health Report 2001, states that the disorder related to mental health and the category of 43-60 year of age. 50% belongs to the category of male and 50% behavior are not discriminating; so, it can influence each one from any country or belongs to the category of female. Majority of the participants (83.3%) were Mus- society irrespective of their gender, age, income or social status with estimation lims. Majority of the participants (75%) were unmarried. 16.7% belongs to the of about 450 million globally where according to the Indian scenario it has been category of primary education, 33.3% belongs to the category of secondary edu- found 5.8%. It has been estimated that around 25% of every individual suffer cation, 33.3% belongs to the category of graduation, 16.7% belongs to the cate- through mental illness. It also revealed around 10% of adult population are cur- gory of post graduation. Majority of the participants (75%) belongs to joint fam- rently having mental health disorder whereas almost 20% of the people who are ily. 8.3% belongs to the category of government, 41.7% belongs to the category visiting to primary health care center are also having one or the other problem of private, 8.3% belongs to the category of business, and 41.7% belongs to the cat- associated with mental health disorder. The perceptions of mental health care are egory of other occupation. broad and accomplished where mental health care is still relatively new and not widely accepted. People were also having certain assumptions like mental health Table 1: Frequency and percentage distribution of participant based on disorder are not diseases but are usually developed due to black magic, witch- their sample characteristics. craft, and obscenity. Some people belief that mental illnesses are not diseases but N=12 correspond to possession of evil spirit, witchcraft or curse. The component that influence the mental health status of a community include incomprehensiveness S.No. Sample Characteristics Frequency Percentage on mental health issues, segregation of psychiatry from the rest of medicine and (f) (%) associated stigma These component have a negative impact on community's men- 1 Age in Year tal health seeking behavior, such as delay in treatment seeking thus leading to 18-42 years 6 50.0 increased morbidity and mortality. Due to stigma associated to mental illness it has been found difficult in looking for mental health services available.(James 43-60 years 6 50.0 2007). Mental health related problems also became as a global public health con- 2 Gender cern because usually the number of population live in rural areas were the major- ity of disorder were undiagnosed due to lack of information and pessimistic atti- Male 6 50.0 tude towards mental health disorder.(Poreddi 2015). Hence having appropriate Female 6 50.0 knowledge regarding mental health will relieve the significant distress and also 3 Religion help in improving the quality of life and will also help in reducing levels of men- tally ill health and less stigma and discrimination. Therefore, it is important to Hindu 2 16.7 explore the concept regarding mental illness. Muslim 10 83.3 Christian 0 0 1.1 Objective: To explore the Perception regarding Mental Illness among Rural Population. Other 0 0 4 Marital Status 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 2.1 Research Approach: Qualitative Research Approach Married 9 75.0 Unmarried 3 25.0 2.2 Research Design: Grounded Theory Research Design 5 Education 2.3 Sampling Technique: Simple Random Sampling Technique Primary 2 16.7 Secondary 4 33.3 2.4 Sample: Rural Population Graduate 4 33.3 2.4 Tool: Open Ended Questionnaire Post- Graduate 2 16.7 6 Type of Family 2.5 Data Collection: In-depth Interview 2.6 Data Analysis: Glaserian method of constant comparative method. Nuclear 3 25.0 Joint 9 75.0 3. RESULTS: 3.1 Section A: Description of sample characteristics Copyright© 2021, IERJ. This open-access article is published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License which permits Share (copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format) and Adapt (remix, transform, and build upon the material) under the Attribution-NonCommercial terms. International Education & Research Journal [IERJ] 53 Research Paper E-ISSN No : 2454-9916 | Volume : 7 | Issue : 1 | Jan 2021 7 Occupation Ÿ “Extreme tension leads to mental illness, excessive usage of mobile, acci- dent, head injury.” (Participant 6) Daily Wager 0 0 Government 1 8.3 3.5 Cured by Seeking Medical Advice: Admit in Mental Hospital Private 5 41.7 Participants spoke that mentally ill people should be admitted in hospital or else Business 1 8.3 to the de- addiction center in order to seek medical advice from the doctor as by taking medicine and treatment they can be cured. Other 5 41.7 VERBATIM: 3.2 Section B: Perception regarding Mental Illness Ÿ “Admit them in de- addiction center, consult with doctor, give them medi- Table 2: Theme and subthemes formed after data analysis. cine, keep them in open environment for peace, give advice to them time to time.” (Participant 1) S. No. Themes Subtheme 1 MENTAL ILLNESS IS DIF- No sense of wearing clothes and shows Understand the feelings of mentally ill person. FERENT FROM OTHER abnormal activities. Participants say that we should understand the feeling of the mentally ill person DISEASE. Dangerous and should be kept away. because it will help them to express their feelings in better way and they will not become violent and we can provide them treatment accordingly. 2 CAUSED BY ACCIDENT AND SHOCK. Ÿ “We should deal them with love and care and admit them in mental hospital.” 3 CURED BY SEEKING Admit in Mental Hospital (Participant 3) MEDICAL ADVICE. Understand the feelings of mentally ill person. Ÿ “Deal them with love and care, meditation and medicine should be given to them.” (Participant 5) 4 HAVING FRIENDS PUTS A POSITIVE IMPACT ON 3.4 Having Friends puts a Positive Impact on Mentally ILL Person: MENTALLY ILL PERSON. Participants conveyed that having friends will help them in various ways such as 5 MENTALLY ILL PEOPLE they will help them to express their feeling , emotions , thoughts easily with them, SHOULD NOT GET MAR- they can discussed the problem of their life, they can even guide and advised RIED AND DO JOB. them so that they don't feel lonely 6 MENTALLY ILL PERSON IS BURDEN AND DIS- VERBATIM: TURBS FAMILY ATMO- Ÿ They should have friends so that they can help to overcome their feeling as SPHERE. they teach them” (Participant 3) Ÿ “They should have friends so that they can guide and advised them.” (Partici- 3.3 Mental Illness is Different from other Disease. pant 7) The participants had various perception regarding mental illness and also about mentally ill people. They perceive mental illness is different from other disease 3.5 Mentally ILL People Should Not Get Married and Do Job: as they feel that person becomes weak by their mind due to thinking something Participants conveyed that mentally ill people should not get married because again and again which enables the person to do abnormal activities and the ability they are unable to take care of themselves. So it is not possible for them to take to think logically towards a specific situation get lost whereas person becomes care of their spouse. They say that mental illness can't be cured by getting married dangerous. it can be spread from them to their spouse VERBATIM: VERBATIM: Ÿ “This disease is different from other disease by thinking of something again Ÿ “They should not get married otherwise it will spread to her wife” (Partici- & again it occurs suddenly due to excessive thinking and usually it takes lot pant 1) of time to get cured.” (Participant 2) Ÿ “They should not get married because they can even kill there wife” (Partici- No sense of wearing clothes and shows abnormal activities. pant 4) Participants conveyed that the people who suffer from mental illness usually dress themselves in bizarre manner they don't have the sense what they are wear- Participants conveyed that the person suffering from mental illness is not capable ing and how they are wearing. By seeing their clothes only people can indentify of doing job because these people are not in their senses and do not understand that they are not mentally stable and suffer from mental problem. the things. So, they should not be allowed to work in society because if they do so it will be of no use and can even worsen the situation. VERBATIM: Ÿ “They laugh in different & unusual manner performs extravagant and VERBATIM: strange act and yells loudly, they wear torn and dirty clothes and does not Ÿ “Job should not be given to them because they do not understand anything” have any sense.” (Participant 1) (Participant 1) Ÿ “They have no sense of wearing of clothes they wear torn and dirty clothes Ÿ “Job should not be given to them because accident can occur” ” (Participant and does not maintain personal hygiene.” (Participant 6) 3) Dangerous and should be kept away. 3.6 Mentally ILL Person is Burden and Disturbs Family Atmosphere: Participants spoke that being the member of the society it is very difficult to live Participant conveyed that having a mentally ill person in a family is very difficult with mentally ill person as they are very dangerous for all the people of the soci- to manage at home as they are usually involved in one or the other case such as ety as they can harm, hit and even kill other people because they can become vio- ;they fought with the people around, throw stones or sticks on them which create lent at any time and at any place. issue in society. So family have to take care of the legal issue, they destroy things in the home, hit family members. VERBATIM: Ÿ “We usually don't know what mentally ill people can do they can kill anyone VERBATIM: so stay away from these patients as they can attack anyone.” (Participant 2) Ÿ “Whole family gets disturb by taking care of them, family have to be at their back to take care always, responsibility of the family increased towards them 3.4. Caused by Accident and Shock: and they become burden ” (Participant 1) Many of them say that the main cause of having mental illness is accident. But other than accident the reason due to which person can get mental illness were 3.7 Situational Specific Theory: related to any disturbance or tension in the mind of the individual which they are Perception regarding Mental Illness among Rural Population. not able to express, being isolated from the society, shock due to the death of The theory was developed on the finding of the qualitative study on perception loved one or something happen in their life which was unbearable to them may regarding mental illness among rural population .The study was conducted also lead to mental illness. applying grounded theory approach which influences to develop the situational specific theory which describes the perception regarding mental illness among VERBATIM: rural population. Ÿ “Usually caused due to death of someone in home, shock, losing their child, accident, head injury.” (Participant 2) As a part of data collection the theory which was developed states that the caus- 54 International Education & Research Journal [IERJ] Research Paper E-ISSN No : 2454-9916 | Volume : 7 | Issue : 1 | Jan 2021 ative factor of developing mental illness are usually related to accidents, shock viding them love and care can make their condition far better and they can be able and excessive thinking which further are associated with different perception of to lead a normal life. the people in rural population. REFERENCES: I. Al- Adawi, S., Dorvlo, A., Al-Ghafry, D., Al-Noobi, B., Al-salmi, A., & Burke, D. et al. (2003).Perception and Attitude towards mental illness in Oman. Indian Jour- nal Of Social Psychiatry, 48(4), 305-317. Retrieved from https://journals.sage- pub.com II. Benedicto, M., Mndeme, E., Mwakagile, D., & Mwansisya, T. (2016). Com- munity III. 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Research Paper Medical Science E-ISSN No : 2454-9916 | Volume : 7 | Issue : 1 | Jan 2021 PERCEPTIONREGARDINGMENTALILLNESS Hina Singh1 | Luxmi Devi2 1M.Sc (N) Student, Psychiatric Nursing, Teerthanker Mahaveer College of Nursing, Moradabad, U.P., India. 2Assistant Professor, Psychiatric Nursing, Teerthanker Mahaveer College of Nursing, Moradabad, U.P., India. ABSTRACT Mental health disorders are widely recognized as a major contributor to the global burden of disease worldwide. The community showed lack of knowledge concerning mental illness, inability to identify types and had negative views regarding mental illness. Grounded theory research design was used to assess the perception regarding mental illness. It clearly states that mental illness is still not well understood, often disregarded and considered as a taboo. 12 participants were selected by simple random sampling. Data was collected by in-depth interview and open ended questionnaire. Findings of the study revealed that there are various factors which affect mental health, it consist of six major themes - Mental illness is different from other disease, Caused by accident and shock, Cured by seeking medical advice, Having friends puts a positive impact on mentally ill person, Mentally ill people should not get married and do job, Mentally ill person is burden and disturbs family atmosphere. The present study concluded that, mental illness are the behavioral or intellectual health disorder that distort a individual emotion, reasoning, enduring capability and periodic operation thus declining one's capacity for coping with ordinary demands of life. Various activities have been associated to mental illness such people exhibit unusual pattern of behavior such as they show excessive temper tantrum, hurt other people in the society, speaks loudly and irrelevantly, usually repeats one task several time, becomes violent which as a result develop burden over the family member and they felt difficult to manage them. KEYWORDS: Perception, Mental Illness, Rural Population. 1. INTRODUCTION: Finding revealed that 50% belongs to the category of 18-42yr and 50% belong to World Health Report 2001, states that the disorder related to mental health and the category of 43-60 year of age. 50% belongs to the category of male and 50% behavior are not discriminating; so, it can influence each one from any country or belongs to the category of female. Majority of the participants (83.3%) were Mus- society irrespective of their gender, age, income or social status with estimation lims. Majority of the participants (75%) were unmarried. 16.7% belongs to the of about 450 million globally where according to the Indian scenario it has been category of primary education, 33.3% belongs to the category of secondary edu- found 5.8%. It has been estimated that around 25% of every individual suffer cation, 33.3% belongs to the category of graduation, 16.7% belongs to the cate- through mental illness. It also revealed around 10% of adult population are cur- gory of post graduation. Majority of the participants (75%) belongs to joint fam- rently having mental health disorder whereas almost 20% of the people who are ily. 8.3% belongs to the category of government, 41.7% belongs to the category visiting to primary health care center are also having one or the other problem of private, 8.3% belongs to the category of business, and 41.7% belongs to the cat- associated with mental health disorder. The perceptions of mental health care are egory of other occupation. broad and accomplished where mental health care is still relatively new and not widely accepted. People were also having certain assumptions like mental health Table 1: Frequency and percentage distribution of participant based on disorder are not diseases but are usually developed due to black magic, witch- their sample characteristics. craft, and obscenity. Some people belief that mental illnesses are not diseases but N=12 correspond to possession of evil spirit, witchcraft or curse. The component that influence the mental health status of a community include incomprehensiveness S.No. Sample Characteristics Frequency Percentage on mental health issues, segregation of psychiatry from the rest of medicine and (f) (%) associated stigma These component have a negative impact on community's men- 1 Age in Year tal health seeking behavior, such as delay in treatment seeking thus leading to 18-42 years 6 50.0 increased morbidity and mortality. Due to stigma associated to mental illness it has been found difficult in looking for mental health services available.(James 43-60 years 6 50.0 2007). Mental health related problems also became as a global public health con- 2 Gender cern because usually the number of population live in rural areas were the major- ity of disorder were undiagnosed due to lack of information and pessimistic atti- Male 6 50.0 tude towards mental health disorder.(Poreddi 2015). Hence having appropriate Female 6 50.0 knowledge regarding mental health will relieve the significant distress and also 3 Religion help in improving the quality of life and will also help in reducing levels of men- tally ill health and less stigma and discrimination. Therefore, it is important to Hindu 2 16.7 explore the concept regarding mental illness. Muslim 10 83.3 Christian 0 0 1.1 Objective: To explore the Perception regarding Mental Illness among Rural Population. Other 0 0 4 Marital Status 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 2.1 Research Approach: Qualitative Research Approach Married 9 75.0 Unmarried 3 25.0 2.2 Research Design: Grounded Theory Research Design 5 Education 2.3 Sampling Technique: Simple Random Sampling Technique Primary 2 16.7 Secondary 4 33.3 2.4 Sample: Rural Population Graduate 4 33.3 2.4 Tool: Open Ended Questionnaire Post- Graduate 2 16.7 6 Type of Family 2.5 Data Collection: In-depth Interview 2.6 Data Analysis: Glaserian method of constant comparative method. Nuclear 3 25.0 Joint 9 75.0 3. RESULTS: 3.1 Section A: Description of sample characteristics Copyright© 2021, IERJ. This open-access article is published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License which permits Share (copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format) and Adapt (remix, transform, and build upon the material) under the Attribution-NonCommercial terms. International Education & Research Journal [IERJ] 53 Research Paper E-ISSN No : 2454-9916 | Volume : 7 | Issue : 1 | Jan 2021 7 Occupation Ÿ “Extreme tension leads to mental illness, excessive usage of mobile, acci- dent, head injury.” (Participant 6) Daily Wager 0 0 Government 1 8.3 3.5 Cured by Seeking Medical Advice: Admit in Mental Hospital Private 5 41.7 Participants spoke that mentally ill people should be admitted in hospital or else Business 1 8.3 to the de- addiction center in order to seek medical advice from the doctor as by taking medicine and treatment they can be cured. Other 5 41.7 VERBATIM: 3.2 Section B: Perception regarding Mental Illness Ÿ “Admit them in de- addiction center, consult with doctor, give them medi- Table 2: Theme and subthemes formed after data analysis. cine, keep them in open environment for peace, give advice to them time to time.” (Participant 1) S. No. Themes Subtheme 1 MENTAL ILLNESS IS DIF- No sense of wearing clothes and shows Understand the feelings of mentally ill person. FERENT FROM OTHER abnormal activities. Participants say that we should understand the feeling of the mentally ill person DISEASE. Dangerous and should be kept away. because it will help them to express their feelings in better way and they will not become violent and we can provide them treatment accordingly. 2 CAUSED BY ACCIDENT AND SHOCK. Ÿ “We should deal them with love and care and admit them in mental hospital.” 3 CURED BY SEEKING Admit in Mental Hospital (Participant 3) MEDICAL ADVICE. Understand the feelings of mentally ill person. Ÿ “Deal them with love and care, meditation and medicine should be given to them.” (Participant 5) 4 HAVING FRIENDS PUTS A POSITIVE IMPACT ON 3.4 Having Friends puts a Positive Impact on Mentally ILL Person: MENTALLY ILL PERSON. Participants conveyed that having friends will help them in various ways such as 5 MENTALLY ILL PEOPLE they will help them to express their feeling , emotions , thoughts easily with them, SHOULD NOT GET MAR- they can discussed the problem of their life, they can even guide and advised RIED AND DO JOB. them so that they don't feel lonely 6 MENTALLY ILL PERSON IS BURDEN AND DIS- VERBATIM: TURBS FAMILY ATMO- Ÿ They should have friends so that they can help to overcome their feeling as SPHERE. they teach them” (Participant 3) Ÿ “They should have friends so that they can guide and advised them.” (Partici- 3.3 Mental Illness is Different from other Disease. pant 7) The participants had various perception regarding mental illness and also about mentally ill people. They perceive mental illness is different from other disease 3.5 Mentally ILL People Should Not Get Married and Do Job: as they feel that person becomes weak by their mind due to thinking something Participants conveyed that mentally ill people should not get married because again and again which enables the person to do abnormal activities and the ability they are unable to take care of themselves. So it is not possible for them to take to think logically towards a specific situation get lost whereas person becomes care of their spouse. They say that mental illness can't be cured by getting married dangerous. it can be spread from them to their spouse VERBATIM: VERBATIM: Ÿ “This disease is different from other disease by thinking of something again Ÿ “They should not get married otherwise it will spread to her wife” (Partici- & again it occurs suddenly due to excessive thinking and usually it takes lot pant 1) of time to get cured.” (Participant 2) Ÿ “They should not get married because they can even kill there wife” (Partici- No sense of wearing clothes and shows abnormal activities. pant 4) Participants conveyed that the people who suffer from mental illness usually dress themselves in bizarre manner they don't have the sense what they are wear- Participants conveyed that the person suffering from mental illness is not capable ing and how they are wearing. By seeing their clothes only people can indentify of doing job because these people are not in their senses and do not understand that they are not mentally stable and suffer from mental problem. the things. So, they should not be allowed to work in society because if they do so it will be of no use and can even worsen the situation. VERBATIM: Ÿ “They laugh in different & unusual manner performs extravagant and VERBATIM: strange act and yells loudly, they wear torn and dirty clothes and does not Ÿ “Job should not be given to them because they do not understand anything” have any sense.” (Participant 1) (Participant 1) Ÿ “They have no sense of wearing of clothes they wear torn and dirty clothes Ÿ “Job should not be given to them because accident can occur” ” (Participant and does not maintain personal hygiene.” (Participant 6) 3) Dangerous and should be kept away. 3.6 Mentally ILL Person is Burden and Disturbs Family Atmosphere: Participants spoke that being the member of the society it is very difficult to live Participant conveyed that having a mentally ill person in a family is very difficult with mentally ill person as they are very dangerous for all the people of the soci- to manage at home as they are usually involved in one or the other case such as ety as they can harm, hit and even kill other people because they can become vio- ;they fought with the people around, throw stones or sticks on them which create lent at any time and at any place. issue in society. So family have to take care of the legal issue, they destroy things in the home, hit family members. VERBATIM: Ÿ “We usually don't know what mentally ill people can do they can kill anyone VERBATIM: so stay away from these patients as they can attack anyone.” (Participant 2) Ÿ “Whole family gets disturb by taking care of them, family have to be at their back to take care always, responsibility of the family increased towards them 3.4. Caused by Accident and Shock: and they become burden ” (Participant 1) Many of them say that the main cause of having mental illness is accident. But other than accident the reason due to which person can get mental illness were 3.7 Situational Specific Theory: related to any disturbance or tension in the mind of the individual which they are Perception regarding Mental Illness among Rural Population. not able to express, being isolated from the society, shock due to the death of The theory was developed on the finding of the qualitative study on perception loved one or something happen in their life which was unbearable to them may regarding mental illness among rural population .The study was conducted also lead to mental illness. applying grounded theory approach which influences to develop the situational specific theory which describes the perception regarding mental illness among VERBATIM: rural population. Ÿ “Usually caused due to death of someone in home, shock, losing their child, accident, head injury.” (Participant 2) As a part of data collection the theory which was developed states that the caus- 54 International Education & Research Journal [IERJ] Research Paper E-ISSN No : 2454-9916 | Volume : 7 | Issue : 1 | Jan 2021 ative factor of developing mental illness are usually related to accidents, shock viding them love and care can make their condition far better and they can be able and excessive thinking which further are associated with different perception of to lead a normal life. the people in rural population. REFERENCES: I. Al- Adawi, S., Dorvlo, A., Al-Ghafry, D., Al-Noobi, B., Al-salmi, A., & Burke, D. et al. (2003).Perception and Attitude towards mental illness in Oman. Indian Jour- nal Of Social Psychiatry, 48(4), 305-317. Retrieved from https://journals.sage- pub.com II. Benedicto, M., Mndeme, E., Mwakagile, D., & Mwansisya, T. (2016). Com- munity III. 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