D o w n lo a d e d b y [ F a c u lty o f N u rsin g , C h ia n g m a i U n iv e rsity 5 .6 2 .1 5 6 .8 6 ] a t [0 7 /1 8 /1 6 ]. C o p y rig h t © M c G ra w -H ill G lo b a l E d u c a tio n H o ld in g s, L L C . N o t to b e re d istrib u te d o r m o d ifie d in a n y w a y w ith o u t p e rm issio n . D o w n lo a d e d b y [ F a c u lty o f N u rsin g , C h ia n g m a i U n iv e rsity 5 .6 2 .1 5 6 .8 Pediatric Nursing 6 ] a t [0 7 /1 8 Demystified /1 6 ]. C o p y rig h t © M c G ra w -H ill G lo b a l E d u c a tio n H o ld in g s, L L C . N o t to b e re d istrib u te d o r m o d ifie d in a n y w a y w ith o u t p e rm issio n . D o w n lo a d e d b y Notice [ F a Medicine is an ever-changing science. As new research and clinical cu lty experiencebroaden our knowledge, changes in treatment and drug therapy o f N are required. The author and the publisher of this work have checked u with sources believed to be reliable in their efforts to provide informa- rsing , C tion that is complete and generally in accord with the standards accepted h ia n at the time of publication. However, in view of the possibility of human g m a error or changes in medical sciences, neither the author nor the publisher i U n nor any other party who has been involved in the preparation or publi- iv e cation of this work warrants that the information contained herein is in rsity 5 every respect accurate or complete, and they disclaim all responsibility .6 2 .1 for any errors or omissions or for the results obtained from use of the 5 6 .8 information contained in this work. Readers are encouraged to confirm 6] a the information contained herein with other sources. For example and t [0 7 in particular, readers are advised to check the product information sheet /18 /1 included in the package of each drug they plan to administer to be certain 6]. C that the information contained in this work is accurate and that changes op y have not been made in the recommended dose or in the contraindications rig h for administration. This recommendation is of particular importance in t © M connection with new or infrequently used drugs. cG ra w -H ill G lo b a l E d u c a tio n H o ld in g s, L L C . N o t to b e re d istrib u te d o r m o d ifie d in a n y w a y w ith o u t p e rm issio n . D o w n lo a d e d b y [ F a c u lty o f N u rsin g , C h ia n g m a i U n iv e rsity 5 .6 2 .1 5 6 .8 6 ] a t [0 7 Pediatric Nursing /1 8 /1 6 ]. C o p y Demystified rig h t © M c G ra w -H ill G lo b a Joyce Y. Johnson, PhD, RN, CCRN l Ed u c a Dean and Professor tion H o College of Sciences and Health Professions ld in g Albany State University s, L L Albany, Georgia C . N o t to b e Jim Keogh, RN re d istrib u te d o r m o d ifie d in a n y w a y w New York Chicago San Francisco Lisbon London ith o u Madrid Mexico City Milan New Delhi San Juan t p e Seoul Singapore Sydney Toronto rm issio n . D o w n lo a d Copyright © 2010 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act ed b otefm 1,9 w76it,h noou tp tahret opfr itohri sw pruitbtelinc apteiornm missaiyo nb eo fr etphreo pduubcelids hoerr .distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval sys- y [ Fa c u lty ISBN: 978-0-07-173486-8 o f N u MHID: 0-07-173486-4 rsin g , C The material in this eBook also appears in the print version of this title: ISBN: 978-0-07-160915-9, MHID: 0-07-160915-6. h ia n g m All trademarks are trademarks of their respective owners. Rather than put a trademark symbol after every occurrence of a trademarked a name, we use names in an editorial fashion only, and to the benefit of the trademark owner, with no intention of infringement of the trade- i Un mark. Where such designations appear in this book, they have been printed with initial caps. ive rsity McGraw-Hill eBooks are available at special quantity discounts to use as premiums and sales promotions, or for use in corporate training 5.6 programs. To contact a representative please e-mail us at [email protected]. 2.1 5 6 .8 TERMS OF USE 6] a t [0 This is a copyrighted work and The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. (“McGraw-Hill”) and its licensors reserve all rights in and to the work. 7/1 Use of this work is subject to these terms. Except as permitted under the Copyright Act of 1976 and the right to store and retrieve one copy 8/1 6 of the work, you may not decompile, disassemble, reverse engineer, reproduce, modify, create derivative works based upon, transmit, dis- ]. C tribute, disseminate, sell, publish or sublicense the work or any part of it without McGraw-Hill’s prior consent. You may use the work for o p your own noncommercial and personal use; any other use of the work is strictly prohibited. Your right to use the work may be terminated yrig if you fail to comply with these terms. ht © M THE WORK IS PROVIDED “AS IS.” McGRAW-HILL AND ITS LICENSORS MAKE NO GUARANTEES OR WARRANTIES AS TO cG THE ACCURACY, ADEQUACY OR COMPLETENESS OF OR RESULTS TO BE OBTAINED FROM USING THE WORK, INCLUD- raw ING ANY INFORMATION THAT CAN BE ACCESSED THROUGH THE WORK VIA HYPERLINK OR OTHERWISE, AND -H EXPRESSLY DISCLAIM ANY WARRANTY, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO IMPLIED WAR- ill G RANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. McGraw-Hill and its licensors do not warrant or lo b a guarantee that the functions contained in the work will meet your requirements or that its operation will be uninterrupted or error free. l E Neither McGraw-Hill nor its licensors shall be liable to you or anyone else for any inaccuracy, error or omission, regardless of cause, in du c the work or for any damages resulting therefrom. McGraw-Hill has no responsibility for the content of any information accessed through atio the work. Under no circumstances shall McGraw-Hill and/or its licensors be liable for any indirect, incidental, special, punitive, conse- n H quential or similar damages that result from the use of or inability to use the work, even if any of them has been advised of the possibili- old ty of such damages. This limitation of liability shall apply to any claim or cause whatsoever whether such claim or cause arises in contract, in g tort or otherwise. s, L L C . N o t to b e re d istrib u te d o r m o d ifie d in a n y w a y w ith o u t p e rm issio n . D o w n lo a d This book is dedicated to my mother Dorothy C. Young who has always been an inspiration ed b y to me, to my husband Larry and to Virginia and Larry Jr. who are the wind beneath my wings. [ F a c u Joyce Y. Johnson lty o f N u rsin g This book is dedicated to Anne, Sandy, Joanne, Amber-Leigh Christine, Shawn, and Eric, , C h ia without whose help and support this book could not have been written. ng m a James Keogh i U n iv e rsity 5 .6 We dedicate this book to our students who are the reason we teach and write. Much success 2.1 5 6 in your nursing careers! .8 6 ] a Authors t [0 7 /1 8 /1 6 ]. C o p y rig h t © M c G ra w -H ill G lo b a l E d u c a tio n H o ld in g s, L L C . N o t to b e re d istrib u te d o r m o d ifie d in a n y w a y w ith o u t p e rm issio n . D o w n lo a d e d b y [ F a c u lty o f N u rsin g , C h ia n g m a i U n iv e rsity 5 .6 2 .1 5 6 .8 6 ] a t [0 7 /1 8 /1 6 ]. C o p y rig h t © M c G This page intentionally left blank ra w -H ill G lo b a l E d u c a tio n H o ld in g s, L L C . N o t to b e re d istrib u te d o r m o d ifie d in a n y w a y w ith o u t p e rm issio n . D o w n lo a d e d b y [ F a c u lty o f N u rsin g , C h ia n CONTENTS gm a i U n iv e rsity 5 .6 2 .1 5 6 .8 6 ] a t [0 7 /1 8 /1 6 ]. C Preface xv op y Acknowledgments xvii righ t © M c PART I ROLES AND RELATIONSHIPS G ra w -H CHAPTER 1 Families and Communities 3 ill G Overview 4 lo b a Types of Families 5 l E d u Nursing Implications 5 ca tio Social and Economic Factors 6 n H o Nursing Implications 6 ld in g Diversity Issues 7 s, L L Nursing Implications 8 C . N Conclusion 9 ot to b e re CHAPTER 2 OGvroewrvtihew and Development 1135 distribu te Newborn/Infant 15 d o r m Conditions and Concerns Common o d to Developmental Stage 16 ifie d in Nursing Implications 18 a n y Early Childhood (Preschool) 18 w a y Conditions and Concerns Common w ith to Developmental Stage 21 ou t p Nursing Implications 21 erm issio n . viii Contents D o w n lo a d e d School-Aged Child 21 by Conditions and Concerns Common [ Fa c u to Developmental Stage 23 lty o Nursing Implications 24 f N u Preteen (Tweens) 24 rsin g Teen Years 25 , Ch ia n Conditions and Concerns Common g m a to Developmental Stage 27 i U n Nursing Implications 27 ive Conclusions 28 rsity 5 .6 2 .1 5 CHAPTER 3 Pediatric Assessment 31 6.8 6 Overview 32 ] a t [0 The Nursing Process 32 7/1 8 Health Assessment: Client History 33 /1 6 Communication 33 ]. C o p y Nursing History 34 rig h Assessment 34 t © M Nutritional Assessment 35 c G ra Family History and Review of Systems 36 w -H Family Function 37 ill G Physical Examination 38 lob a Diagnostic Procedures 44 l Ed u c Laboratory Tests 44 atio n Nursing Implications 45 H o Conclusion 46 ldin g s, L L C PART II SYSTEMATIC EXPLORATION OF PEDIATRIC . N o CONDITIONS AND NURSING CARE t to b e CHAPTER 4 Head and Neck: Eyes, Ears, Nose, and Throat 53 re d Overview 54 istrib u Eyes 54 ted o Strabismus 55 r m o d Acute Conjunctivitis 56 ifie d Ears 57 in a n Otitis Media 58 y w a Nose 60 y w Mouth 62 itho u t p e rm issio n . Contents ix D o w n lo a d e d Dental Caries 62 by [ F Stomatitis 63 a c u Throat 65 lty o Head 65 f N u Pediculosis Capitis (Head Lice) 65 rsin g , C Conclusion 67 h ia n g m a CHAPTER 5 Respiratory Conditions 71 i U n Overview 73 ive Upper Respiratory Tract Infections 74 rsity 5 .6 Acute Viral Nasopharyngitis 74 2.1 5 Tonsillitis and Pharyngitis 75 6.8 6 Croup Syndrome 76 ] at [0 Acute Laryngotracheobronchitis 76 7/1 8 Acute Epiglottitis 77 /16 Acute Laryngitis 79 ]. Co p y Infectious Mononucleosis 79 rig h Lower Respiratory Tract Infections 81 t © M Pneumonia 81 cG ra Asthma 82 w -H Nursing Interventions 83 ill G Bronchiolitis 83 lob a Cystic Fibrosis 84 l Ed u c Respiratory Distress Syndrome 85 atio n Sudden Infant Death Syndrome 87 H o ld Conclusion 88 in g s, L L C CHAPTER 6 Cardiovascular Conditions 91 . N o Overview 92 t to b Congestive Heart Failure 93 e re d Atrial Septal Defect 96 istrib Ventricular Septal Defect 100 ute d Patent Ductus Arteriosus 103 or m Coarctation of the Aorta 107 od ifie Aortic Stenosis 110 d in Tetralogy of Fallot 114 an y w Transposition of Great Arteries 117 a y w Bacterial Endocarditis 121 ith o Rheumatic Fever 122 ut p e rm issio n .