THE PEDAGOGICAL WORKS OF JOHANN CHRISTIAN GOTTLIEB GRAUPNER By DEBRA L. HESS A DISSERTATION PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 1992 Copyright 1992 by Debra L. Hess ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS There are many people who have given me the support and encouragement necessary to see this project through to completion. With deep appreciation I wish to acknowledge their contributions to my research. I owe a debt of thanks to my committee chairman, Dr. David Z. Kushner, whose example as a scholar and teacher initially helped to convince me to pursue this degree. His constant encouragement and guidance were an unfailing source of strength. I also wish to thank the other members of my commmittee: Professor Willis Bodine, Dr. Camille Smith, and Dr. John White, all of the Music Department, and Dr. William Powell of the College of Education. Their assistance in helping to focus the purposes for this research and their suggestions concerning the actual writing of the document were most helpful. Thanks are also due to a great number of library staff members in various locations who went beyond the call of duty to help me in searching for various copies and editions of the Graupner pedagogy books. To the research librarians in the Music Department of the Boston Public Library and the American Antiquarian Society I offer my thanks. Special recognition . also goes to Robena Cornwell, music librarian at the University of Florida, and her staff for their gracious assistance. It is with great appreciation that I also acknowledge the support and encouragement of my parents, Richard and Helen Lambrecht, who helped to foster my early love of music. They never doubted my ability to complete this task even when I doubted myself, and their constant moral support has been tremendous Finally, I wish to thank the members of my own family for their unequaled love and support. Peter and Adam, my sons, have always allowed me the time needed to think and write, even when it meant postponing their own activities, and their undying confidence spurred me on to complete the task. Words, however, cannot adequately express the debt I owe to my husband and best friend, Steve Hess. His supportive attitude throughout this entire process has been something I will treasure always. TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS iii LIST OF TABLES vii ABSTRACT viii CHAPTERS 1 INTRODUCTION 1 Need for the Study 3 Purposes of the Study 8 Research Questions 9 Methodology 9 Limitations 13 Organization of the Study 14 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 15 3 THE LIFE OF JOHANN CHRISTIAN GOTTLIEB GRAUPNER: HIS ACTIVITIES AS MUSICIAN, PUBLISHER, AND TEACHER 25 . The Early Years 25 Life in the New World 28 Boston Society at the Turn of the Century .... 37 MTuhseicMusPiucbliAschaidnegmy and Teaching Responsibilities . 4329 The Philharmonic Society 46 TThhee FLaotremratiYoenarsof the Handel and Haydn Society . . 5536 4 AN ANALYSIS OF GRAUPNER'S PEDAGOGICAL WORKS ... 62 Introduction 62 Music Engraving and Printing 65 Rudiments of the Art of Playing on the Piano Forte 68 Rudiments, First Edition 72 Rudiments, Second Edition 84 A New Preceptor for the German Flute 90 Complete Preceptor for the German Flute 106 New Instructor for the Clarinet 114 Complete Preceptor for the Clarinet 114 The Unpublished Preceptor for the String Bass 119 . . 5 SUMMARY, DISCUSSION, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS 122 Summary 122 Discussion and Conclusions 125 Recommendations 133 REFERENCES 136 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH 142 LIST OF TABLES Table 1 Contents of Lessons in Rudiments, First Edition 81 Table 2 Contents of Lessons in Rudiments, Second Edition 89 Table 3 Contents of Lessons in New Preceptor for the German Flute 104 Table 4 Contents of Lessons in Complete Preceptor for the German Flute 113 Table 5 Contents of Lessons in Complete Preceptor for the Clarinet 118 Abstract of Dissertation Presented to the Graduate School of the University of Florida in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy THE PEDAGOGICAL WORKS OF JOHANN CHRISTIAN GOTTLIEB GRAUPNER by Debra L. Hess December, 1992 Chairman: David Z. Kushner Major Department: Instruction and Curriculum Johann Christian Gottlieb Graupner (1767-1836) was a highly regarded musician and influential champion for the development of music in Boston during the first quarter of the nineteenth century. He was an accomplished performer on several instruments, a music teacher, the proprietor of a music store, and one of the first to publish music in Boston. He was also the dominant force behind the formation of the Philharmonic Society and Boston's famous Handel and Haydn Society. Among his publications, Graupner included six books for instruction in playing the piano, the flute, and the clarinet. Five of these works are extant. The purposes of this study were (a) to present a comprehensive analysis of these pedagogical works to determine the type of musical instruction available during this period viii of American history; (b) to consider these works within the historical context of postrevolution America, a society in its infancy in terms of its development and support of the arts; and (c) to supplement the currently available musicological research on Gottlieb Graupner and his contributions to music instruction and curriculum in Boston during the first three decades of the nineteenth century. Graupner's pedagogical works were all found to have been based largely on previously published instructional materials, especially those of Muzio dementi, Jan Dussek, R. Shaw, and J. Wragg. Each of the works provided a thorough grounding in the rudiments of music theory and a basic introduction to playing the specified instrument. An analysis of these works revealed that there have been some significant changes in how some musical terminology is used and in some performance practices since they were published. The repertoire found in these tutors is a blend of works by European masters with the patriotic marches and popular folk and love ballads of the day. Graupner's contribution to music education was significant. He not only filled a need in providing necessary instructional materials for students and teachers, but he also helped to foster an appreciation for the importance of musical learning. CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Research involving American music has grown rapidly over the past century. From its modest beginnings in the nineteenth century, early contributors such as John Rowe Parker and John Sullivan Dwight erected a framework for the study of music in America. In the ensuing years, others have added immensely to this body of information and, with each new discovery, have given us greater insights into the development of music in the United States. Most often this American musicological research has centered on the lives and works of our nation's composers resulting in a style analysis of each individual's aggregate output. There is now available a vast amount of biographical information concerning many of our composers as well as analyses of their music and style characteristics. One area, however, that often remains relatively untouched in this research is the study of instructional materials and pedagogical works, that is, compositions and collections which were primarily written and compiled for the purpose of teaching a person to play a particular musical instrument. They often include some basic repertoire for the instrument alongside a selection of training exercises and