THE IMPLEMENTATION OF INQUIRY-BASED LEARNING FOR THE TEACHING ENGLISH AT SMP MUHAMMADIYAH 6 SURAKARTA IN 2015/2016 ACADEMIC YEAR PUBLICATION ARTICLE Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For Getting Bachelor Degree of Education in English Department School Of Teacher Trainning And Education By: JESSY SETYA ARIANI A320120097 ENGLISH DEPARTMENT SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINNING AND EDUCATION MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA 2016 THE IMPLEMENTATION OF INQIJIRY-BASED LEARNING FOR THE TEACHING ENGL1SH AT SMP MUHAMMADIYAH 6 SURAIqRTA IN 2015/2016 ACADEMIC I'EAR DIJRI,ICATION ARTICLE IIESSY_SlI]A1lJlNI fA A37o 497 bI Appbved to be lpmined 6ir)d'; Fasi.!.I4ttu!, ErollD!-tudels NIK/NI! 274 NiI(/NIP 725 T1IE IMPLEMENTAIION OF INQI,TIRY-BASED LEARNING FOR THE TEACHING ENGLISH AT SMP MT,TTIAMMADIYAII 6 SLIRAIIARTA IN 20]5/20!6 ACADFM]C 1F AR BY ]-ESSISETYAABI4NI A.c.pt d and Apprcwd by B@td of Ex.friner school otT.acher Tnining and EdE.tion Muhamdiyah UtuE6rty of Suok.lt o. Apdl, l8 2016 ad firlfilffntas a EquiEmens Team ofE L PEL-D!-E dancialzia!.MEq4r &yadle&qeE!-s.Pd-Mlr. 2. ,Wo4' 3. I&!:EIrlratllilaa!?LD (Mchb.rII) }RONOUNCEMENT Testfy Ihat the publt io. a@le i5 the ft,l wo* oI lh. ftirer and no plasidsm of rhe lrvios liEn,, Mrk whih have be. Eised to ob6in bchelor degrte of a cenain uiveEity, nor thee ac opiniois or @krpieces sbch h,ve ben wien or published by orhen, exccpt those in shich lhe wiirs tu EGred in Lle @6cnp! dd meniion Eviev Lad biblioBEphy. Herce, laer if n p6rn ihd theE aE som utru soemtu in this Esimony, tElsYlgryAlBuNl THE IMPLEMENTATION OF INQUIRY-BASED LEARNING FOR THE TEACHING ENGLISH AT SMP MUHAMMADIYAH 6 SURAKARTA IN 2015/2016 ACADEMIC YEAR Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan implementasi Inquiry-based Learning untuk pembelajaran bahasa Inggris di SMP Muhammadiyah 6 Surakarta tahun pelajaran 2015/2016 yang dibagi kedalam komponen pembelajaran yaitu tujuan pembelajaran, prosedur pembelajaran, teknik pembelajaran, peran bahan ajar, peran guru, peran siswa, media, dan penilaian. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian naturalistik kualitatif. Metode untuk pengumpulan data yaitu observasi, wawancara, dokumentasi, dan rekaman. Peneliti menggunakan pengurangan data, penyajian data, dan kesimpulan/pembuktian untuk menganalisis data. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa yaitu; (1) Ada dua jenis tujuan pembelajaran didalam pembelajaran bahasa Inggris yaitu tujuan pembelajaran umum dan khusus, (2) Prosedur pembelajaran menggunakan eksplorasi, elaborasi, dan konfirmasi, (3) Teknik pembelajaran menggunakan oral repetition, skimming and scanning, questioning, giving assignment, and individual assignment, (4) Peran bahan ajar yaitu materi memfasilitasi kemampuan komunikatif dari interpretasi, ungkapan, dan negosiasi; materi memusatkan pada pemahaman dan komunikasi yang relevan daripada bentuk tata bahasa; dan materi menarik perhatian siswa dan melibatkan kecerdasan dan kreativitas siswa, (5) Peran guru yaitu sebagai pengembang materi, penyedia model bahasa yang akurat, penilai, penasehat dan teman, (6) Peran siswa yaitu sebagai perencana program pembelajaran dan bertanggung jawab atas apa yang mereka kerjakan dikelas, penerima dan penilai kemajuan mereka, dan pengajar bagi pembelajar yang lain, (7) Media yang digunakan adalah gambar ketika proses belajar mengajar, (8) Jenis penilaian yaitu penilaian tertulis dan lisan. Kata Kunci: Inquiry-based Learning, pembelajaran bahasa Inggris Abstract This study aims to describe the implementation of Inquiry-based Learning for teaching English at SMP Muhammadiyah 6 Surakarta in 2015/2016 academic year which is divided into components of teaching namely learning objectives, classroom procedures, classroom techniques, the roles of instructional materials, teacher’s roles, student’s roles, media, and types of assessment. The type of this research is naturalistic qualitative research. The methods of collecting data are observation, interview, documentation, and recording. The researcher uses reduction of data, display of data, and conclusion/verification for technique of analyzing data. The result of this study shows that; (1) There are two types of learning objectives in teaching English that are general and specific learning objectives, (2) The classroom procedures applied are exploration, elaboration, and confirmation, (3) The classroom techniques used are oral repetition, skimming and scanning, questioning, giving assignment, and individual assignment, (4) The roles of instructional material are: the materials facilitate the communicative abilities of interpretation, expression, and negotiation; materials focus on understandable and relevant communication rather than on grammatical form; and materials command the learners’ interests and involve their intelligence and creativity, (5) Teacher’s roles are as a materials developer, provider of accurate language models, motivator, evaluator, counselor and friend, (6) Student’s roles are as planner of his or her own learning program and thus ultimately assumes responsibility for what he or she does in classroom, monitor and evaluator of his or her own progress, and tutor of other learners, (7) The media used is picture when teaching learning process, (8) Types of assessment are written and oral. Key words: Inquiry-based Learning, teaching English 5 1. INTRODUCTION One of the lessons that become special attention in alteration of curriculum is English lesson. In Curriculum 2006, English lesson may be taught to students in elementary school, whereas in Curriculum 2013 that lesson is taught in junior high school. Indeed, nowadays, English becomes a compulsory subject for students. Globalization era becomes one of the reasons why English lesson become the important things to be known by students because later they will use the language to communicate. For improving the quality of the students, in case of material comprehension, the Minister of National Education of Indonesia, try to apply Curriculum 2006 or KTSP in teaching English. In Curriculum 2006 or KTSP there are three phases in teaching learning process, namely exploration, elaboration, and confirmation. According to Fauziati (2014: 161) exploration phase is “an initial effort to build knowledge through increased understanding of a phenomenon. It is employed to expand and deepen students’ knowledge by implementing active learning strategies.” The next is elaboration phase, according to Fauziati (2014: 161) stated that elaboration phase is “the teacher should introduce a competing “scientific” conception to the students’ prior knowledge. This cycle should help students organize their information from the exploration.” The last phase is confirmation, according to Fauziati (2014: 162) stated that confirmation phase is “intended to help students finish restructuring old knowledge stuctures, applying and transferring the new idea to new situations. This learning phase will require some time since the teacher must provide the practice necessary for accomplishing transfer into long-term memory.” SMP Muhammadiyah 6 Surakarta applies School-based Curriculum which includes Scientific Approach. In Scientific Approach there are many methods for teaching learning, one of them is Inquiry- based Learning. Within the application of Inquiry-based Learning in Indonesia there are two curriculums, namely Curriculum 2006 and Curriculum 2013. SMP Muhammadiyah 6 Surakarta especially the English teachers use Curriculum 2006 in learning process of teaching English.Within Curriculum 2006 for teaching English at SMP Muhammadiyah 6 Surakarta, there are standard process namely, exploration, elaboration, and confirmation. They use three phases; exploration, elaboration, and confirmation for improving students ability are there. The researcher needs to conduct research to know whether the implementation of Inquiry-based Learning by the English teacher in English teaching learning process is appropriate or not. There are some previous researches on the implementation of Inquiry-based Learning. The first is Hantoro’s research (2015) who has conducted a research entitled “The Implementation of Inquiry-Based Learning for Teaching English at SMP Negeri 2 Grobogan in 2014/2015 Academic Year”. The general aim of this research is to describe the implementation of exploration, elaboration, and confirmation for teaching English process based on Inquiry-Based Learning at SMP Negeri 2 Grobogan, and it is divided into several specific aims namely to describe, 1) the learning objective of teaching English, 2) the classroom procedures of teaching English, 3) the classroom technique used by teacher in teaching English, 4) the role of instructional materials used by teacher in teaching English, 5) the teacher role in teaching English, 6) the student role in teaching English, 7) the media used by teacher in teaching English, and 8) the assessment used by the teacher in teaching English. The second research is Fadlilah(2015) who has conducted a research entitled “The Implementation of Inquiry-Based Learning in Teaching Reading at the First Year of SMP Muhammadiyah 4 Surakarta”. This research has several aims namely, 1) to describe the implementation of Inquiry-Based Learning in teaching reading at first year of SMP Muhammadiyah 4 Surakarta in 2014/2015 academic year, and 2) to identify the problem faced by the teacher in implementing Inquiry-Based Learning in teaching reading at first year of SMP Muhammadiyah 4 Surakarta in 2014/2015 academic year. 6 The third research is Sagita’s research (2015) entitled “The Implementation of Scientific Approach in English Teaching through Inquiry-Based Learning in the first year of SMP N 1 Purwodadi in 2014/2015 Academic Year”. This research has several aims are 1) describing the implementation of Scientific Approach in English Teaching through Inquiry-Based Learning in the first year of SMP N 1 Purwodadi in 2014/2015 academic year, and 2) problem faced by the teacher in applying this approach at the first year of SMP N 1 Purwodadi in 2014/2015 academic year. The fourth research is conducted by Sangadah (2014) entitled “The Implementation of Inquiry- Based Learning in teaching English at SMA N 1 Boyolali in 2013/2014 Academic Year”. This research has several aims namely, 1) to describe the implementation of Inquiry-Based Learning, and 2) the principles of implementation of Inquiry in teaching English at second grade students of SMA N 1 Boyolali. The fifth research is Utari (2014) who has conducted a research entitled “The Implementation of Inquiry-Based Learning in teaching writing to the seventh grade students of SMP Negeri 5 Boyolali in 2013/2014 academic year”. The objective of this research are: 1) to know the implementation of Inquiry- Based Learning consisting the objectives of teaching writing, the materials and the procedure of the Inquiry-Based Learning, and 2) to describe the problem faced by the teacher in teaching writing using Inquiry-based Learning. The research focuses on the implementation of Inquiry-based Learning for the teaching English. Based on the phenomena above, this research is aimed to describe: (1) learning objectives, (2) classroom procedures, (3) classroom techniques, (4) roles of instructional materials, (5) teacher’s roles, (6) student’s roles, (7) media, and (8) types of assessment. 2. RESEARCH METHOD This research was done in SMP Muhammadiyah 6 Surakarta to describe the implementation of Inquiry- based Learning for teaching English. The subjects of the research are the English teachers in SMP Muhammadiyah 6 Surakarta namely Mr. IN and Mr. IK and the students of VIIA and VIIIB class. The time needed to conduct a research was about 6 months. It was started from November 2015 – January 2016 for doing proposal and then January – April 2016 for conducting research and finishing product of the research. In this research, the researcher uses naturalistic qualitative research. According to Berg in Satori and Komariah (2013: 23) “qualitative research (QR) thus refers to the meaning, concepts, definitions, characteristics, methapors, symbols, and descriptions of things.” Meanwhile, Creswell in Satori and Komariah (2013: 24) “qualitative research is an inquiry process of understanding based on distinct methological traditions of inquiry that explore social or human problem. The researcher builds a complex, holistic picture, analyzes words, reports detailed views of informants, and conducts the study in natural setting.” The researcher uses many methods to collect the data in this research. The researcher uses (1) observation, according to Bungin in Satori and Komariah (2013: 105) observation is “method of gathering the data which is used for accumulating of the research data through monitoring and sensory perception.” (2) interview, according to Esternberg in Satori and Komariah (2013: 130) interview is “a meeting of two persons to exchange information and idea through question and responses, resulting in communication and joint construction of meaning about a particular topic.” (3) documentation, according to Satori and Komariah (2013: 149) documentation are “gathering documents and data that are needed in the problem of research then, it can be studied intensely so that it can contribute and increase of reliance and proof evidence.” and (4) recording, according to Guba and Linclon in Moleong in Satori and Komariah (2013: 148) record is “an each written statement that arranged by someone or institute for necessity of trial an evidence or provide accounting.” The data analyzed by using some techniques as suggested by Milers and Huberman in Satori and Komariah (2013: 218-220). The researcher uses 7 interactive method which has three main components, namely reduction of data, display of data, and conclusion/verification as follows: (1) reduction of data, in this case the researcher chooses the data that are appropriate with the theme, concept and category in detail. (2) display of data, in this research the researcher displayed the data by using description based on the field from observation, interview, documentation, and recording. The information and description of the data are about the implementation of Inquiry-based Learning for the teaching English which includes learning objectives, classroom procedures, classroom techniques, roles of instructional materials, teacher’s roles, student’s roles, media and types of assessment. (3) conclusion or verification, the researcher drawn conclusion of all the activity of collecting the data to know the implementation of Inquiry-based Learning for the teaching English at SMP Muhammadiyah 6 Surakarta in 2015/2016 academic year. The researcher concludes the results of the research to solve the problem statements were found. 3. RESEARCH FINDING AND DISCUSSION This session presents the analysis of the data and discussion of research finding based on the problem statement in Introduction. 3.1 Research Finding The data of this research finding are the result of implementation of English teaching learning process, interview, and the documents which related to this research. The research finding of this research consist of eight analysis based on the problem statements namely, learning objectives, classroom procedures, classroom techniques, roles of instructional materials, teacher’s roles, student’s roles, media, and types of assessment. 3.1.1 Learning Objectives Based on the observation, the general learning objectives can be viewed completely from syllabus which consist of all materials of English including four skills namely listening, speaking, reading, and writing which are expected to be mastered by the students as an outcome of learning process. While the specific learning objectives consist of all activities of the certain materials based on each skill in English teaching learning process to achieve the basic competence. 3.1.2 Classroom Procedures Based on the observation by the researcher at SMP Muhammadiyah 6 Surakarta during January – February 2016 and interview with the English teachers namely Mr. IN and Mr. IK, the researcher found that the English teachers at SMP Muhammadiyah 6 Surakarta applied Inquiry-based Learning in Indonesia that is Curriculum 2006 or KTSP. The teachers used three phases namely Exploration, Elaboration, and Confirmation in conducting English learning process. 3.1.3 Classroom Techniques 1) Classroom Techniques Used in Exploration Phase a) Oral Repetition The teacher asked the students to repeat those expression after the teacher read aloud it. Mr. IN : “Saya akan membacakan contoh ungkapan-ungkapan yang ada dibuku LKS kalian, lalu silahkan kalian menirukan seperti yang sudah saya contohkan”. S : “Iya pak”. Mr. IN : “Yang pertama, contoh ungkapan asking for clarification atau meminta klarifikasi. Really?, are you sure?, what did you say?, did you say?, did you mean?.” S : “Really?, are you sure?, what did you say?, did you say?, did you mean?.” (menirukan secara bersama-sama) (adopted from the observation on January 2016) 8 b) Skimming and Scanning The teacher commanded the students to find past tense based on the text. Mr. IK : “Hari ini kita akan belajar tentang recount teks. Namun, sebelum saya melanjutkan materi, siapa yang tau salah satu ciri-ciri dari recount teks?”. S : “Saya Pak”. Mr.IK :“Iya Nandar apa jawabannya. Yang lain mohon memperhatikan”. S : “Kalimatnya berbentuk simple past tense pak”. Mr. IK :“That’s great Nandar. Sekarang kalian buka buku LKS kalian page 10 task 12. Disitu terdapat teks yang isinya adalah pengalaman pribadi seseorang. Berarti bentuk text tersebut adalah recount teks. Sebelum saya lanjutkan ke materi, silahkan kalian coba temukan kata kerja bentuk ke-2 yang terdapat pada teks tersebut setau kalian, lalu kalian garis bawahi dan dicari artinya, paham?”. S : “Iya pak”. (adopted from the observation on January 2016) 2) Classroom Techniques Used in Elaboration Phase a) Questioning The teachers commanded the students for answering the questions based on the text. Mr. IN : “Buka buku LKS kalian page 15 task 26. Disana ada beberapa contoh advertisement, mari kita coba analysis dan jawab pertanyaan tersebut bersama-sama”. S : “Iya pak”. Mr. IN : “Pertanyaan pertama, apa jenis produk atau pelayanan yang tiap iklan tawarkan?”. S : “Iklan yang pertama, tentang restoran pak”. Mr. IN : “That’s right”. (adopted from the observation on February 2016) Mr. IK : “Open your LKS page 10. Disana ada contoh dari recount teks. Silahkan kalian coba kerjakan task 13 dengan menjawab pertanyaan berdasarkan teks tersebut. Bagi yang merasa bingung, boleh tanya ke teman atau ke saya”. S : “ Yes, sir”. (adopted from the observation on January 2016) b) Giving Assignment The teacher commanded the students to fill in the blank space of the text based on the picture. Mr. IN : “Buka buku LKS kalian halaman 13. Silahkan kalian coba kerjakan task 22. Isilah kalimat rumpang tersebut dengan melihat gambar yang ada disampingnya. Supaya kalian tidak bingung saya akan membantu menuliskan jawabannya dipapan tulis, kalian tinggal mencocokkan dengan kalimatnya!”. S : “Iya pak”. (adopted from the observation on January 2016) 9 3) Classroom Techniques Used in Confirmation Phase a) Individual Assignment The purpose of this technique is the students can write what in their minds based on the certain topic. The students tried to write a sentence or a text in the certain form. Mr. IN : “Baiklah anak-anak, sekarang silahkan kalian coba buat satu contoh advertisement dibuku tugas kalian masing-masing. Tema dan isinya terserah kalian”. S : “Iya pak”. (adopted from the observation on February 2016) Mr. IK : “Setelah saya memberikan contoh kalimat yang menggunakan bentuk simple past tense, silahkan kalian coba buat kalimat seperti itu di buku tugas kalian masing-masing, tapi menggunakan kata kerja yang berbeda. Tidak boleh sama seperti yang ada dicontoh. Buat kalimat itu kedalam bentuk positif, negatif, dan kalimat tanya. Buat 2 kalimat yang berbeda. Se kreatif kalian kalo bisa jangan niru temannya”. S : “Kalimatnya terserah kita pak?’. Mr. IK :“Iya terserah kalian, kalo kalian masih bingung menggunakan kata kerja apa kalian boleh buka buku catatan kalian”. S : “Iya pak”. (adopted from the observation on January 2016) 3.1.4 The Roles of Instructional Materials Based on the observation at SMP Muhammadiyah 6 Surakarta, the researcher found that there are three roles of instructional materials as follows: 1) The materials facilitate the communicative abilities of interpretation, expression, and negotiation, 2) Materials focus on understandable and relevant communication rather than on grammatical form, and 3) Materials command the learners’ interests and involve their intelligence and creativity. The researcher also found the kind of instructional materials used in learning process based on observation, that is printed material such as worksheet. 3.1.5 Teacher’s Roles Based on observation and interview by the researcher at SMP Muhammadiyah 6 Surakarta, the researcher found some roles of teacher’s as follows: 1) Teacher as Materials Developer In delivering the materials, the teacher gives more explanation to the students related to the topic so that the students can understand and get more information. T : “Hari ini kita akan belajar tentang Recount teks. Saya akan menjelaskan definisi, fungsi dan pola kalimat didalam recount teks. Sebelumnya, siapa yang tahu pola kalimat didalam recount teks?” S : “Simple past tense pak.” T : “That’s right. Jadi nanti kita tidak hanya belajar tentang recount teks tetapi juga sedikit menyinggung tentang simple past tense. Siapa yang tahu rumus simple past tense?” S : “Lupa pak.” T : “Rumus simple past tense yang paling mudah yaitu S+ +O.” (adopted from the observation of Mr. IK on January 2016) 10