Table Of Content

PCI Express® Base Specification Revision 2.1 March 4, 2009 Revision Revision History DATE 1.0 Initial release. 07/22/2002 1.0a Incorporated Errata C1-C66 and E1-E4.17. 04/15/2003 1.1 Incorporated approved Errata and ECNs. 03/28/2005 2.0 Added 5.0 GT/s data rate and incorporated approved Errata and ECNs. 12/20/2006 2.1 Incorporated Errata for the PCI Express Base Specification, Rev. 2.0 03/04/2009 (February 27, 2009), and added the following ECNs: • Internal Error Reporting ECN (April 24, 2008) • Multicast ECN (December 14, 2007, approved by PWG May 8, 2008) • Atomic Operations ECN (January 15, 2008, approved by PWG April 17, 2008) • Resizable BAR Capability ECN (January 22, 2008, updated and approved by PWG April 24, 2008) • Dynamic Power Allocation ECN (May 24, 2008) • ID-Based Ordering ECN (January 16, 2008, updated 29 May 2008) • Latency Tolerance Reporting ECN (22 January 2008, updated 14 August 2008) • Alternative Routing-ID Interpretation (ARI) ECN (August 7, 2006, last updated June 4, 2007) • Extended Tag Enable Default ECN (September 5, 2008) • TLP Processing Hints ECN (September 11, 2008) • TLP Prefix ECN (December 15, 2008) PCI-SIG® disclaims all warranties and liability for the use of this document and the information contained herein and assumes no responsibility for any errors that may appear in this document, nor does PCI-SIG make a commitment to update the information contained herein. Contact the PCI-SIG office to obtain the latest revision of this specification. Questions regarding the PCI Express Base Specification or membership in PCI-SIG may be forwarded to: Membership Services www.pcisig.com E-mail: [email protected] Phone: 503-619-0569 Fax: 503-644-6708 Technical Support [email protected] DISCLAIMER This PCI Express Base Specification is provided “as is” with no warranties whatsoever, including any warranty of merchantability, noninfringement, fitness for any particular purpose, or any warranty otherwise arising out of any proposal, specification, or sample. PCI-SIG disclaims all liability for infringement of proprietary rights, relating to use of information in this specification. No license, express or implied, by estoppel or otherwise, to any intellectual property rights is granted herein. PCI, PCI Express, PCIe, and PCI-SIG are trademarks or registered trademarks of PCI-SIG. All other product names are trademarks, registered trademarks, or servicemarks of their respective owners. Copyright © 2002-2009 PCI-SIG 2 PCI EXPRESS BASE SPECIFICATION, REV. 2.1 Contents OBJECTIVE OF THE SPECIFICATION....................................................................................25 DOCUMENT ORGANIZATION................................................................................................25 DOCUMENTATION CONVENTIONS......................................................................................26 TERMS AND ACRONYMS........................................................................................................27 REFERENCE DOCUMENTS......................................................................................................34 1. INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................35 1.1. A THIRD GENERATION I/O INTERCONNECT...................................................................35 1.2. PCI EXPRESS LINK.........................................................................................................37 1.3. PCI EXPRESS FABRIC TOPOLOGY..................................................................................39 1.3.1. Root Complex........................................................................................................39 1.3.2. Endpoints..............................................................................................................40 1.3.3. Switch....................................................................................................................43 1.3.4. Root Complex Event Collector..............................................................................44 1.3.5. PCI Express to PCI/PCI-X Bridge........................................................................44 1.4. PCI EXPRESS FABRIC TOPOLOGY CONFIGURATION.......................................................44 1.5. PCI EXPRESS LAYERING OVERVIEW..............................................................................45 1.5.1. Transaction Layer.................................................................................................46 1.5.2. Data Link Layer....................................................................................................46 1.5.3. Physical Layer......................................................................................................47 1.5.4. Layer Functions and Services...............................................................................47 2. TRANSACTION LAYER SPECIFICATION.....................................................................51 2.1. TRANSACTION LAYER OVERVIEW..................................................................................51 2.1.1. Address Spaces, Transaction Types, and Usage...................................................52 2.1.2. Packet Format Overview......................................................................................54 2.2. TRANSACTION LAYER PROTOCOL - PACKET DEFINITION...............................................56 2.2.1. Common Packet Header Fields............................................................................56 2.2.2. TLPs with Data Payloads - Rules.........................................................................59 2.2.3. TLP Digest Rules..................................................................................................63 2.2.4. Routing and Addressing Rules..............................................................................63 2.2.5. First/Last DW Byte Enables Rules........................................................................67 2.2.6. Transaction Descriptor.........................................................................................70 2.2.7. Memory, I/O, and Configuration Request Rules...................................................75 2.2.8. Message Request Rules.........................................................................................81 2.2.9. Completion Rules..................................................................................................94 2.2.10. TLP Prefix Rules...................................................................................................97 2.3. HANDLING OF RECEIVED TLPS....................................................................................101 3 PCI EXPRESS BASE SPECIFICATION, REV. 2.1 2.3.1. Request Handling Rules......................................................................................104 2.3.2. Completion Handling Rules................................................................................117 2.4. TRANSACTION ORDERING............................................................................................119 2.4.1. Transaction Ordering Rules...............................................................................119 2.4.2. Update Ordering and Granularity Observed by a Read Transaction................123 2.4.3. Update Ordering and Granularity Provided by a Write Transaction................124 2.5. VIRTUAL CHANNEL (VC) MECHANISM........................................................................125 2.5.1. Virtual Channel Identification (VC ID)..............................................................127 2.5.2. TC to VC Mapping..............................................................................................128 2.5.3. VC and TC Rules.................................................................................................129 2.6. ORDERING AND RECEIVE BUFFER FLOW CONTROL.....................................................130 2.6.1. Flow Control Rules.............................................................................................131 2.7. DATA INTEGRITY.........................................................................................................141 2.7.1. ECRC Rules........................................................................................................142 2.7.2. Error Forwarding...............................................................................................146 2.8. COMPLETION TIMEOUT MECHANISM...........................................................................148 2.9. LINK STATUS DEPENDENCIES......................................................................................149 2.9.1. Transaction Layer Behavior in DL_Down Status...............................................149 2.9.2. Transaction Layer Behavior in DL_Up Status...................................................150 3. DATA LINK LAYER SPECIFICATION..........................................................................151 3.1. DATA LINK LAYER OVERVIEW....................................................................................151 3.2. DATA LINK CONTROL AND MANAGEMENT STATE MACHINE......................................153 3.2.1. Data Link Control and Management State Machine Rules................................154 3.3. FLOW CONTROL INITIALIZATION PROTOCOL...............................................................156 3.3.1. Flow Control Initialization State Machine Rules...............................................156 3.4. DATA LINK LAYER PACKETS (DLLPS)........................................................................160 3.4.1. Data Link Layer Packet Rules............................................................................160 3.5. DATA INTEGRITY.........................................................................................................165 3.5.1. Introduction.........................................................................................................165 3.5.2. LCRC, Sequence Number, and Retry Management (TLP Transmitter)..............165 3.5.3. LCRC and Sequence Number (TLP Receiver)....................................................178 4. PHYSICAL LAYER SPECIFICATION............................................................................187 4.1. INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................187 4.2. LOGICAL SUB-BLOCK...................................................................................................187 4.2.1. Symbol Encoding................................................................................................188 4.2.2. Framing and Application of Symbols to Lanes...................................................191 4.2.3. Data Scrambling.................................................................................................194 4.2.4. Link Initialization and Training..........................................................................196 4.2.5. Link Training and Status State Machine (LTSSM) Descriptions........................208 4.2.6. Link Training and Status State Rules..................................................................212 4.2.7. Clock Tolerance Compensation..........................................................................258 4.2.8. Compliance Pattern............................................................................................260 4.2.9. Modified Compliance Pattern.............................................................................261 4.3. ELECTRICAL SUB-BLOCK.............................................................................................262 4.3.1. Maintaining Backwards Compatibility...............................................................262 4 PCI EXPRESS BASE SPECIFICATION, REV. 2.1 4.3.2. Jitter Budgeting and Measurement.....................................................................264 4.3.3. Transmitter Specification....................................................................................265 4.3.4. Receiver Specification.........................................................................................281 4.3.5. Transmitter and Receiver DC Specifications......................................................293 4.3.6. Channel Specifications........................................................................................298 4.3.7. Reference Clock Specifications...........................................................................305 5. POWER MANAGEMENT.................................................................................................313 5.1. OVERVIEW...................................................................................................................313 5.1.1. Statement of Requirements..................................................................................314 5.2. LINK STATE POWER MANAGEMENT.............................................................................314 5.3. PCI-PM SOFTWARE COMPATIBLE MECHANISMS.........................................................319 5.3.1. Device Power Management States (D-States) of a Function..............................319 5.3.2. PM Software Control of the Link Power Management State..............................323 5.3.3. Power Management Event Mechanisms.............................................................329 5.4. NATIVE PCI EXPRESS POWER MANAGEMENT MECHANISMS.......................................336 5.4.1. Active State Power Management (ASPM)..........................................................336 5.5. AUXILIARY POWER SUPPORT.......................................................................................353 5.5.1. Auxiliary Power Enabling...................................................................................353 5.6. POWER MANAGEMENT SYSTEM MESSAGES AND DLLPS.............................................354 6. SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE.............................................................................................357 6.1. INTERRUPT AND PME SUPPORT...................................................................................357 6.1.1. Rationale for PCI Express Interrupt Model........................................................357 6.1.2. PCI Compatible INTx Emulation........................................................................358 6.1.3. INTx Emulation Software Model........................................................................358 6.1.4. Message Signaled Interrupt (MSI/MSI-X) Support.............................................358 6.1.5. PME Support.......................................................................................................360 6.1.6. Native PME Software Model..............................................................................360 6.1.7. Legacy PME Software Model.............................................................................361 6.1.8. Operating System Power Management Notification...........................................361 6.1.9. PME Routing Between PCI Express and PCI Hierarchies................................361 6.2. ERROR SIGNALING AND LOGGING................................................................................362 6.2.1. Scope...................................................................................................................362 6.2.2. Error Classification............................................................................................362 6.2.3. Error Signaling...................................................................................................364 6.2.4. Error Logging.....................................................................................................371 6.2.5. Sequence of Device Error Signaling and Logging Operations..........................376 6.2.6. Error Message Controls.....................................................................................378 6.2.7. Error Listing and Rules......................................................................................379 6.2.8. Virtual PCI Bridge Error Handling....................................................................384 6.2.9. Internal Errors....................................................................................................386 6.3. VIRTUAL CHANNEL SUPPORT......................................................................................386 6.3.1. Introduction and Scope.......................................................................................386 6.3.2. TC/VC Mapping and Example Usage.................................................................387 6.3.3. VC Arbitration....................................................................................................389 6.3.4. Isochronous Support...........................................................................................397 5 PCI EXPRESS BASE SPECIFICATION, REV. 2.1 6.4. DEVICE SYNCHRONIZATION.........................................................................................400 6.5. LOCKED TRANSACTIONS..............................................................................................401 6.5.1. Introduction.........................................................................................................401 6.5.2. Initiation and Propagation of Locked Transactions - Rules...............................402 6.5.3. Switches and Lock - Rules...................................................................................403 6.5.4. PCI Express/PCI Bridges and Lock - Rules.......................................................403 6.5.5. Root Complex and Lock - Rules..........................................................................404 6.5.6. Legacy Endpoints................................................................................................404 6.5.7. PCI Express Endpoints.......................................................................................404 6.6. PCI EXPRESS RESET - RULES.......................................................................................404 6.6.1. Conventional Reset.............................................................................................404 6.6.2. Function-Level Reset (FLR)................................................................................407 6.7. PCI EXPRESS HOT-PLUG SUPPORT..............................................................................410 6.7.1. Elements of Hot-Plug..........................................................................................411 6.7.2. Registers Grouped by Hot-Plug Element Association........................................417 6.7.3. PCI Express Hot-Plug Events.............................................................................419 6.7.4. Firmware Support for Hot-Plug.........................................................................422 6.8. POWER BUDGETING CAPABILITY.................................................................................422 6.8.1. System Power Budgeting Process Recommendations.........................................423 6.9. SLOT POWER LIMIT CONTROL.....................................................................................423 6.10. ROOT COMPLEX TOPOLOGY DISCOVERY.................................................................426 6.11. LINK SPEED MANAGEMENT.....................................................................................428 6.12. ACCESS CONTROL SERVICES (ACS)........................................................................429 6.12.1. ACS Component Capability Requirements.........................................................430 6.12.2. Interoperability...................................................................................................434 6.12.3. ACS Peer-to-Peer Control Interactions..............................................................435 6.12.4. ACS Violation Error Handling...........................................................................435 6.12.5. ACS Redirection Impacts on Ordering Rules.....................................................436 6.13. ALTERNATIVE ROUTING-ID INTERPRETATION (ARI)..............................................438 6.14. MULTICAST OPERATIONS.........................................................................................442 6.14.1. Multicast TLP Processing...................................................................................442 6.14.2. Multicast Ordering..............................................................................................445 6.14.3. Multicast Capability Structure Field Updates....................................................445 6.14.4. MC Blocked TLP Processing..............................................................................446 6.14.5. MC_Overlay Mechanism....................................................................................446 6.15. ATOMIC OPERATIONS (ATOMICOPS).......................................................................450 6.15.1. AtomicOp Use Models and Benefits...................................................................451 6.15.2. AtomicOp Transaction Protocol Summary.........................................................451 6.15.3. Root Complex Support for AtomicOps................................................................453 6.15.4. Switch Support for AtomicOps............................................................................455 6.16. DYNAMIC POWER ALLOCATION (DPA) CAPABILITY...............................................455 6.16.1. DPA Capability with Multi-Function Devices....................................................456 6.17. TLP PROCESSING HINTS (TPH)...............................................................................457 6.17.1. Processing Hints.................................................................................................457 6.17.2. Steering Tags......................................................................................................457 6.17.3. ST Modes of Operation.......................................................................................458 6 PCI EXPRESS BASE SPECIFICATION, REV. 2.1 6.17.4. TPH Capability...................................................................................................459 6.18. LATENCY TOLERANCE REPORTING (LTR) MECHANISM..........................................460 7. SOFTWARE INITIALIZATION AND CONFIGURATION............................................467 7.1. CONFIGURATION TOPOLOGY........................................................................................467 7.2. PCI EXPRESS CONFIGURATION MECHANISMS.............................................................468 7.2.1. PCI 3.0 Compatible Configuration Mechanism.................................................469 7.2.2. PCI Express Enhanced Configuration Access Mechanism (ECAM)..................470 7.2.3. Root Complex Register Block.............................................................................474 7.3. CONFIGURATION TRANSACTION RULES.......................................................................475 7.3.1. Device Number....................................................................................................475 7.3.2. Configuration Transaction Addressing...............................................................476 7.3.3. Configuration Request Routing Rules.................................................................476 7.3.4. PCI Special Cycles..............................................................................................477 7.4. CONFIGURATION REGISTER TYPES..............................................................................478 7.5. PCI-COMPATIBLE CONFIGURATION REGISTERS...........................................................479 7.5.1. Type 0/1 Common Configuration Space.............................................................480 7.5.2. Type 0 Configuration Space Header...................................................................487 7.5.3. Type 1 Configuration Space Header...................................................................488 7.6. PCI POWER MANAGEMENT CAPABILITY STRUCTURE..................................................492 7.7. MSI AND MSI-X CAPABILITY STRUCTURES................................................................494 7.7.1. Vector Control for MSI-X Table Entries.............................................................494 7.8. PCI EXPRESS CAPABILITY STRUCTURE........................................................................495 7.8.1. PCI Express Capability List Register (Offset 00h).............................................496 7.8.2. PCI Express Capabilities Register (Offset 02h).................................................497 7.8.3. Device Capabilities Register (Offset 04h)..........................................................499 7.8.4. Device Control Register (Offset 08h).................................................................504 7.8.5. Device Status Register (Offset 0Ah)....................................................................510 7.8.6. Link Capabilities Register (Offset 0Ch)..............................................................513 7.8.7. Link Control Register (Offset 10h).....................................................................517 7.8.8. Link Status Register (Offset 12h)........................................................................525 7.8.9. Slot Capabilities Register (Offset 14h)...............................................................528 7.8.10. Slot Control Register (Offset 18h)......................................................................530 7.8.11. Slot Status Register (Offset 1Ah).........................................................................534 7.8.12. Root Control Register (Offset 1Ch)....................................................................536 7.8.13. Root Capabilities Register (Offset 1Eh).............................................................538 7.8.14. Root Status Register (Offset 20h)........................................................................538 7.8.15. Device Capabilities 2 Register (Offset 24h).......................................................539 7.8.16. Device Control 2 Register (Offset 28h)..............................................................543 7.8.17. Device Status 2 Register (Offset 2Ah).................................................................546 7.8.18. Link Capabilities 2 Register (Offset 2Ch)...........................................................547 7.8.19. Link Control 2 Register (Offset 30h)..................................................................547 7.8.20. Link Status 2 Register (Offset 32h).....................................................................551 7.8.21. Slot Capabilities 2 Register (Offset 34h)............................................................551 7.8.22. Slot Control 2 Register (Offset 38h)...................................................................552 7.8.23. Slot Status 2 Register (Offset 3Ah)......................................................................552 7.9. PCI EXPRESS EXTENDED CAPABILITIES.......................................................................552 7 PCI EXPRESS BASE SPECIFICATION, REV. 2.1 7.9.1. Extended Capabilities in Configuration Space...................................................553 7.9.2. Extended Capabilities in the Root Complex Register Block...............................553 7.9.3. PCI Express Extended Capability Header..........................................................553 7.10. ADVANCED ERROR REPORTING CAPABILITY...........................................................554 7.10.1. Advanced Error Reporting Extended Capability Header (Offset 00h)...............555 7.10.2. Uncorrectable Error Status Register (Offset 04h)..............................................556 7.10.3. Uncorrectable Error Mask Register (Offset 08h)...............................................558 7.10.4. Uncorrectable Error Severity Register (Offset 0Ch)..........................................560 7.10.5. Correctable Error Status Register (Offset 10h)..................................................562 7.10.6. Correctable Error Mask Register (Offset 14h)...................................................563 7.10.7. Advanced Error Capabilities and Control Register (Offset 18h).......................564 7.10.8. Header Log Register (Offset 1Ch)......................................................................565 7.10.9. Root Error Command Register (Offset 2Ch)......................................................566 7.10.10. Root Error Status Register (Offset 30h)..........................................................567 7.10.11. Error Source Identification Register (Offset 34h)..........................................570 7.10.12. TLP Prefix Log Register (Offset 38h).............................................................570 7.11. VIRTUAL CHANNEL CAPABILITY.............................................................................571 7.11.1. Virtual Channel Extended Capability Header....................................................573 7.11.2. Port VC Capability Register 1............................................................................574 7.11.3. Port VC Capability Register 2............................................................................575 7.11.4. Port VC Control Register....................................................................................576 7.11.5. Port VC Status Register......................................................................................577 7.11.6. VC Resource Capability Register.......................................................................578 7.11.7. VC Resource Control Register............................................................................580 7.11.8. VC Resource Status Register..............................................................................582 7.11.9. VC Arbitration Table..........................................................................................583 7.11.10. Port Arbitration Table....................................................................................584 7.12. DEVICE SERIAL NUMBER CAPABILITY.....................................................................586 7.12.1. Device Serial Number Extended Capability Header (Offset 00h)......................587 7.12.2. Serial Number Register (Offset 04h)...................................................................588 7.13. PCI EXPRESS ROOT COMPLEX LINK DECLARATION CAPABILITY............................588 7.13.1. Root Complex Link Declaration Extended Capability Header...........................590 7.13.2. Element Self Description.....................................................................................591 7.13.3. Link Entries.........................................................................................................592 7.14. PCI EXPRESS ROOT COMPLEX INTERNAL LINK CONTROL CAPABILITY...................596 7.14.1. Root Complex Internal Link Control Extended Capability Header....................596 7.14.2. Root Complex Link Capabilities Register...........................................................597 7.14.3. Root Complex Link Control Register..................................................................600 7.14.4. Root Complex Link Status Register.....................................................................601 7.15. POWER BUDGETING CAPABILITY.............................................................................602 7.15.1. Power Budgeting Extended Capability Header (Offset 00h)..............................603 7.15.2. Data Select Register (Offset 04h).......................................................................603 7.15.3. Data Register (Offset 08h)..................................................................................604 7.15.4. Power Budget Capability Register (Offset 0Ch).................................................606 7.16. ACS EXTENDED CAPABILITY..................................................................................607 7.16.1. ACS Extended Capability Header (Offset 00h)..................................................607 8 PCI EXPRESS BASE SPECIFICATION, REV. 2.1 7.16.2. ACS Capability Register (Offset 04h).................................................................608 7.16.3. ACS Control Register (Offset 06h).....................................................................609 7.16.4. Egress Control Vector (Offset 08h)....................................................................611 7.17. PCI EXPRESS ROOT COMPLEX EVENT COLLECTOR ENDPOINT ASSOCIATION CAPABILITY.............................................................................................................................612 7.17.1. Root Complex Event Collector Endpoint Association Extended Capability Header .............................................................................................................................613 7.17.2. Association Bitmap for Root Complex Integrated Endpoints.............................614 7.18. MULTI-FUNCTION VIRTUAL CHANNEL CAPABILITY................................................614 7.18.1. MFVC Extended Capability Header...................................................................615 7.18.2. Port VC Capability Register 1............................................................................616 7.18.3. Port VC Capability Register 2............................................................................618 7.18.4. Port VC Control Register....................................................................................619 7.18.5. Port VC Status Register......................................................................................620 7.18.6. VC Resource Capability Register.......................................................................620 7.18.7. VC Resource Control Register............................................................................622 7.18.8. VC Resource Status Register..............................................................................624 7.18.9. VC Arbitration Table..........................................................................................625 7.18.10. Function Arbitration Table.............................................................................625 7.19. VENDOR-SPECIFIC CAPABILITY...............................................................................627 7.19.1. Vendor-Specific Extended Capability Header (Offset 00h)................................628 7.19.2. Vendor-Specific Header (Offset 04h)..................................................................629 7.20. RCRB HEADER CAPABILITY...................................................................................630 7.20.1. RCRB Header Extended Capability Header (Offset 00h)...................................630 7.20.2. Vendor ID (Offset 04h) and Device ID (Offset 06h)...........................................631 7.20.3. RCRB Capabilities (Offset 08h)..........................................................................632 7.20.4. RCRB Control (Offset 0Ch)................................................................................632 7.21. MULTICAST CAPABILITY.........................................................................................633 7.21.1. Multicast Extended Capability Header (Offset 00h)..........................................633 7.21.2. Multicast Capability Register (Offset 04h).........................................................634 7.21.3. Multicast Control Register (Offset 06h).............................................................635 7.21.4. Multicast Base Address Register (Offset 08h)....................................................636 7.21.5. MC_Receive Register (Offset 10h)......................................................................636 7.21.6. MC_Block_All Register (Offset 18h)..................................................................637 7.21.7. MC_Block_Untranslated Register (Offset 20h)..................................................638 7.21.8. MC_Overlay_BAR (Offset 28h)..........................................................................638 7.22. RESIZABLE BAR CAPABILITY..................................................................................639 7.22.1. Resizable BAR Extended Capability Header (Offset 00h)..................................641 7.22.2. Resizable BAR Capability Register (Offset 04h)................................................642 7.22.3. Resizable BAR Control Register (Offset 08h).....................................................643 7.23. ARI CAPABILITY.....................................................................................................644 7.23.1. ARI Capability Header (Offset 00h)...................................................................645 7.23.2. ARI Capability Register (Offset 04h)..................................................................645 7.23.3. ARI Control Register (Offset 06h)......................................................................646 7.24. DYNAMIC POWER ALLOCATION (DPA) CAPABILITY...............................................647 7.24.1. DPA Extended Capability Header (Offset 00h)..................................................647 9 PCI EXPRESS BASE SPECIFICATION, REV. 2.1 7.24.2. DPA Capability Register (Offset 04h)................................................................648 7.24.3. DPA Latency Indicator Register (Offset 08h).....................................................649 7.24.4. DPA Status Register (Offset 0Ch).......................................................................649 7.24.5. DPA Control Register (Offset 0Eh)....................................................................650 7.24.6. DPA Power Allocation Array.............................................................................650 7.25. LATENCY TOLERANCE REPORTING (LTR) CAPABILITY...........................................651 7.25.1. LTR Extended Capability Header (Offset 00h)...................................................651 7.25.2. Max Snoop Latency Register (Offset 04h)..........................................................652 7.25.3. Max No-Snoop Latency Register (Offset 06h)....................................................652 7.26. TPH REQUESTER CAPABILITY.................................................................................653 7.26.1. TPH Requester Extended Capability Header (Offset 00h).................................654 7.26.2. TPH Requester Capability Register (Offset 04h)................................................654 7.26.3. TPH Requester Control Register (Offset 08h)....................................................656 7.26.4. TPH ST Table (Starting from Offset 0Ch)..........................................................657 A. ISOCHRONOUS APPLICATIONS...................................................................................659 A.1. INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................659 A.2. ISOCHRONOUS CONTRACT AND CONTRACT PARAMETERS...........................................661 A.2.1. Isochronous Time Period and Isochronous Virtual Timeslot.............................662 A.2.2. Isochronous Payload Size...................................................................................663 A.2.3. Isochronous Bandwidth Allocation.....................................................................663 A.2.4. Isochronous Transaction Latency.......................................................................664 A.2.5. An Example Illustrating Isochronous Parameters..............................................665 A.3. ISOCHRONOUS TRANSACTION RULES...........................................................................666 A.4. TRANSACTION ORDERING............................................................................................666 A.5. ISOCHRONOUS DATA COHERENCY...............................................................................666 A.6. FLOW CONTROL...........................................................................................................667 A.7. CONSIDERATIONS FOR BANDWIDTH ALLOCATION.......................................................667 A.7.1. Isochronous Bandwidth of PCI Express Links....................................................667 A.7.2. Isochronous Bandwidth of Endpoints.................................................................667 A.7.3. Isochronous Bandwidth of Switches...................................................................667 A.7.4. Isochronous Bandwidth of Root Complex...........................................................668 A.8. CONSIDERATIONS FOR PCI EXPRESS COMPONENTS.....................................................668 A.8.1. An Endpoint as a Requester................................................................................668 A.8.2. An Endpoint as a Completer...............................................................................668 A.8.3. Switches...............................................................................................................669 A.8.4. Root Complex......................................................................................................670 B. SYMBOL ENCODING......................................................................................................671 C. PHYSICAL LAYER APPENDIX......................................................................................681 C.1. DATA SCRAMBLING.....................................................................................................681 D. REQUEST DEPENDENCIES............................................................................................687 E. ID-BASED ORDERING USAGE......................................................................................691 E.1. INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................691 10

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PCI Express® Base Specification Revision 2.1 March 4, 2009 Revision Revision History DATE 1.0 Initial release. 07/22/2002 1.0a Incorporated Errata C1-C66 and E1-E4.17. 04/15/2003 1.1 Incorporated approved Errata and ECNs. 03/28/2005 2.0 Added 5.0 GT/s data rate and incorporated approved Errata and ECNs. 12/20/2006 2.1 Incorporated Errata for the PCI Express Base Specification, Rev. 2.0 03/04/2009 (February 27, 2009), and added the following ECNs: • Internal Error Reporting ECN (April 24, 2008) • Multicast ECN (December 14, 2007, approved by PWG May 8, 2008) • Atomic Operations ECN (January 15, 2008, approved by PWG April 17, 2008) • Resizable BAR Capability ECN (January 22, 2008, updated and approved by PWG April 24, 2008) • Dynamic Power Allocation ECN (May 24, 2008) • ID-Based Ordering ECN (January 16, 2008, updated 29 May 2008) • Latency Tolerance Reporting ECN (22 January 2008, updated 14 August 2008) • Alternative Routing-ID Interpretation (ARI) ECN (August 7, 2006, last updated June 4, 2007) • Extended Tag Enable Default ECN (September 5, 2008) • TLP Processing Hints ECN (September 11, 2008) • TLP Prefix ECN (December 15, 2008) PCI-SIG® disclaims all warranties and liability for the use of this document and the information contained herein and assumes no responsibility for any errors that may appear in this document, nor does PCI-SIG make a commitment to update the information contained herein. Contact the PCI-SIG office to obtain the latest revision of this specification. Questions regarding the PCI Express Base Specification or membership in PCI-SIG may be forwarded to: Membership Services www.pcisig.com E-mail: [email protected] Phone: 503-619-0569 Fax: 503-644-6708 Technical Support [email protected] DISCLAIMER This PCI Express Base Specification is provided “as is” with no warranties whatsoever, including any warranty of merchantability, noninfringement, fitness for any particular purpose, or any warranty otherwise arising out of any proposal, specification, or sample. PCI-SIG disclaims all liability for infringement of proprietary rights, relating to use of information in this specification. No license, express or implied, by estoppel or otherwise, to any intellectual property rights is granted herein. PCI, PCI Express, PCIe, and PCI-SIG are trademarks or registered trademarks of PCI-SIG. All other product names are trademarks, registered trademarks, or servicemarks of their respective owners. Copyright © 2002-2009 PCI-SIG 2 PCI EXPRESS BASE SPECIFICATION, REV. 2.1 Contents OBJECTIVE OF THE SPECIFICATION....................................................................................25 DOCUMENT ORGANIZATION................................................................................................25 DOCUMENTATION CONVENTIONS......................................................................................26 TERMS AND ACRONYMS........................................................................................................27 REFERENCE DOCUMENTS......................................................................................................34 1. INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................35 1.1. A THIRD GENERATION I/O INTERCONNECT...................................................................35 1.2. PCI EXPRESS LINK.........................................................................................................37 1.3. PCI EXPRESS FABRIC TOPOLOGY..................................................................................39 1.3.1. Root Complex........................................................................................................39 1.3.2. Endpoints..............................................................................................................40 1.3.3. Switch....................................................................................................................43 1.3.4. Root Complex Event Collector..............................................................................44 1.3.5. PCI Express to PCI/PCI-X Bridge........................................................................44 1.4. PCI EXPRESS FABRIC TOPOLOGY CONFIGURATION.......................................................44 1.5. PCI EXPRESS LAYERING OVERVIEW..............................................................................45 1.5.1. Transaction Layer.................................................................................................46 1.5.2. Data Link Layer....................................................................................................46 1.5.3. Physical Layer......................................................................................................47 1.5.4. Layer Functions and Services...............................................................................47 2. TRANSACTION LAYER SPECIFICATION.....................................................................51 2.1. TRANSACTION LAYER OVERVIEW..................................................................................51 2.1.1. Address Spaces, Transaction Types, and Usage...................................................52 2.1.2. Packet Format Overview......................................................................................54 2.2. TRANSACTION LAYER PROTOCOL - PACKET DEFINITION...............................................56 2.2.1. Common Packet Header Fields............................................................................56 2.2.2. TLPs with Data Payloads - Rules.........................................................................59 2.2.3. TLP Digest Rules..................................................................................................63 2.2.4. Routing and Addressing Rules..............................................................................63 2.2.5. First/Last DW Byte Enables Rules........................................................................67 2.2.6. Transaction Descriptor.........................................................................................70 2.2.7. Memory, I/O, and Configuration Request Rules...................................................75 2.2.8. Message Request Rules.........................................................................................81 2.2.9. Completion Rules..................................................................................................94 2.2.10. TLP Prefix Rules...................................................................................................97 2.3. HANDLING OF RECEIVED TLPS....................................................................................101 3 PCI EXPRESS BASE SPECIFICATION, REV. 2.1 2.3.1. Request Handling Rules......................................................................................104 2.3.2. Completion Handling Rules................................................................................117 2.4. TRANSACTION ORDERING............................................................................................119 2.4.1. Transaction Ordering Rules...............................................................................119 2.4.2. Update Ordering and Granularity Observed by a Read Transaction................123 2.4.3. Update Ordering and Granularity Provided by a Write Transaction................124 2.5. VIRTUAL CHANNEL (VC) MECHANISM........................................................................125 2.5.1. Virtual Channel Identification (VC ID)..............................................................127 2.5.2. TC to VC Mapping..............................................................................................128 2.5.3. VC and TC Rules.................................................................................................129 2.6. ORDERING AND RECEIVE BUFFER FLOW CONTROL.....................................................130 2.6.1. Flow Control Rules.............................................................................................131 2.7. DATA INTEGRITY.........................................................................................................141 2.7.1. ECRC Rules........................................................................................................142 2.7.2. Error Forwarding...............................................................................................146 2.8. COMPLETION TIMEOUT MECHANISM...........................................................................148 2.9. LINK STATUS DEPENDENCIES......................................................................................149 2.9.1. Transaction Layer Behavior in DL_Down Status...............................................149 2.9.2. Transaction Layer Behavior in DL_Up Status...................................................150 3. DATA LINK LAYER SPECIFICATION..........................................................................151 3.1. DATA LINK LAYER OVERVIEW....................................................................................151 3.2. DATA LINK CONTROL AND MANAGEMENT STATE MACHINE......................................153 3.2.1. Data Link Control and Management State Machine Rules................................154 3.3. FLOW CONTROL INITIALIZATION PROTOCOL...............................................................156 3.3.1. Flow Control Initialization State Machine Rules...............................................156 3.4. DATA LINK LAYER PACKETS (DLLPS)........................................................................160 3.4.1. Data Link Layer Packet Rules............................................................................160 3.5. DATA INTEGRITY.........................................................................................................165 3.5.1. Introduction.........................................................................................................165 3.5.2. LCRC, Sequence Number, and Retry Management (TLP Transmitter)..............165 3.5.3. LCRC and Sequence Number (TLP Receiver)....................................................178 4. PHYSICAL LAYER SPECIFICATION............................................................................187 4.1. INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................187 4.2. LOGICAL SUB-BLOCK...................................................................................................187 4.2.1. Symbol Encoding................................................................................................188 4.2.2. Framing and Application of Symbols to Lanes...................................................191 4.2.3. Data Scrambling.................................................................................................194 4.2.4. Link Initialization and Training..........................................................................196 4.2.5. Link Training and Status State Machine (LTSSM) Descriptions........................208 4.2.6. Link Training and Status State Rules..................................................................212 4.2.7. Clock Tolerance Compensation..........................................................................258 4.2.8. Compliance Pattern............................................................................................260 4.2.9. Modified Compliance Pattern.............................................................................261 4.3. ELECTRICAL SUB-BLOCK.............................................................................................262 4.3.1. Maintaining Backwards Compatibility...............................................................262 4 PCI EXPRESS BASE SPECIFICATION, REV. 2.1 4.3.2. Jitter Budgeting and Measurement.....................................................................264 4.3.3. Transmitter Specification....................................................................................265 4.3.4. Receiver Specification.........................................................................................281 4.3.5. Transmitter and Receiver DC Specifications......................................................293 4.3.6. Channel Specifications........................................................................................298 4.3.7. Reference Clock Specifications...........................................................................305 5. POWER MANAGEMENT.................................................................................................313 5.1. OVERVIEW...................................................................................................................313 5.1.1. Statement of Requirements..................................................................................314 5.2. LINK STATE POWER MANAGEMENT.............................................................................314 5.3. PCI-PM SOFTWARE COMPATIBLE MECHANISMS.........................................................319 5.3.1. Device Power Management States (D-States) of a Function..............................319 5.3.2. PM Software Control of the Link Power Management State..............................323 5.3.3. Power Management Event Mechanisms.............................................................329 5.4. NATIVE PCI EXPRESS POWER MANAGEMENT MECHANISMS.......................................336 5.4.1. Active State Power Management (ASPM)..........................................................336 5.5. AUXILIARY POWER SUPPORT.......................................................................................353 5.5.1. Auxiliary Power Enabling...................................................................................353 5.6. POWER MANAGEMENT SYSTEM MESSAGES AND DLLPS.............................................354 6. SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE.............................................................................................357 6.1. INTERRUPT AND PME SUPPORT...................................................................................357 6.1.1. Rationale for PCI Express Interrupt Model........................................................357 6.1.2. PCI Compatible INTx Emulation........................................................................358 6.1.3. INTx Emulation Software Model........................................................................358 6.1.4. Message Signaled Interrupt (MSI/MSI-X) Support.............................................358 6.1.5. PME Support.......................................................................................................360 6.1.6. Native PME Software Model..............................................................................360 6.1.7. Legacy PME Software Model.............................................................................361 6.1.8. Operating System Power Management Notification...........................................361 6.1.9. PME Routing Between PCI Express and PCI Hierarchies................................361 6.2. ERROR SIGNALING AND LOGGING................................................................................362 6.2.1. Scope...................................................................................................................362 6.2.2. Error Classification............................................................................................362 6.2.3. Error Signaling...................................................................................................364 6.2.4. Error Logging.....................................................................................................371 6.2.5. Sequence of Device Error Signaling and Logging Operations..........................376 6.2.6. Error Message Controls.....................................................................................378 6.2.7. Error Listing and Rules......................................................................................379 6.2.8. Virtual PCI Bridge Error Handling....................................................................384 6.2.9. Internal Errors....................................................................................................386 6.3. VIRTUAL CHANNEL SUPPORT......................................................................................386 6.3.1. Introduction and Scope.......................................................................................386 6.3.2. TC/VC Mapping and Example Usage.................................................................387 6.3.3. VC Arbitration....................................................................................................389 6.3.4. Isochronous Support...........................................................................................397 5 PCI EXPRESS BASE SPECIFICATION, REV. 2.1 6.4. DEVICE SYNCHRONIZATION.........................................................................................400 6.5. LOCKED TRANSACTIONS..............................................................................................401 6.5.1. Introduction.........................................................................................................401 6.5.2. Initiation and Propagation of Locked Transactions - Rules...............................402 6.5.3. Switches and Lock - Rules...................................................................................403 6.5.4. PCI Express/PCI Bridges and Lock - Rules.......................................................403 6.5.5. Root Complex and Lock - Rules..........................................................................404 6.5.6. Legacy Endpoints................................................................................................404 6.5.7. PCI Express Endpoints.......................................................................................404 6.6. PCI EXPRESS RESET - RULES.......................................................................................404 6.6.1. Conventional Reset.............................................................................................404 6.6.2. Function-Level Reset (FLR)................................................................................407 6.7. PCI EXPRESS HOT-PLUG SUPPORT..............................................................................410 6.7.1. Elements of Hot-Plug..........................................................................................411 6.7.2. Registers Grouped by Hot-Plug Element Association........................................417 6.7.3. PCI Express Hot-Plug Events.............................................................................419 6.7.4. Firmware Support for Hot-Plug.........................................................................422 6.8. POWER BUDGETING CAPABILITY.................................................................................422 6.8.1. System Power Budgeting Process Recommendations.........................................423 6.9. SLOT POWER LIMIT CONTROL.....................................................................................423 6.10. ROOT COMPLEX TOPOLOGY DISCOVERY.................................................................426 6.11. LINK SPEED MANAGEMENT.....................................................................................428 6.12. ACCESS CONTROL SERVICES (ACS)........................................................................429 6.12.1. ACS Component Capability Requirements.........................................................430 6.12.2. Interoperability...................................................................................................434 6.12.3. ACS Peer-to-Peer Control Interactions..............................................................435 6.12.4. ACS Violation Error Handling...........................................................................435 6.12.5. ACS Redirection Impacts on Ordering Rules.....................................................436 6.13. ALTERNATIVE ROUTING-ID INTERPRETATION (ARI)..............................................438 6.14. MULTICAST OPERATIONS.........................................................................................442 6.14.1. Multicast TLP Processing...................................................................................442 6.14.2. Multicast Ordering..............................................................................................445 6.14.3. Multicast Capability Structure Field Updates....................................................445 6.14.4. MC Blocked TLP Processing..............................................................................446 6.14.5. MC_Overlay Mechanism....................................................................................446 6.15. ATOMIC OPERATIONS (ATOMICOPS).......................................................................450 6.15.1. AtomicOp Use Models and Benefits...................................................................451 6.15.2. AtomicOp Transaction Protocol Summary.........................................................451 6.15.3. Root Complex Support for AtomicOps................................................................453 6.15.4. Switch Support for AtomicOps............................................................................455 6.16. DYNAMIC POWER ALLOCATION (DPA) CAPABILITY...............................................455 6.16.1. DPA Capability with Multi-Function Devices....................................................456 6.17. TLP PROCESSING HINTS (TPH)...............................................................................457 6.17.1. Processing Hints.................................................................................................457 6.17.2. Steering Tags......................................................................................................457 6.17.3. ST Modes of Operation.......................................................................................458 6 PCI EXPRESS BASE SPECIFICATION, REV. 2.1 6.17.4. TPH Capability...................................................................................................459 6.18. LATENCY TOLERANCE REPORTING (LTR) MECHANISM..........................................460 7. SOFTWARE INITIALIZATION AND CONFIGURATION............................................467 7.1. CONFIGURATION TOPOLOGY........................................................................................467 7.2. PCI EXPRESS CONFIGURATION MECHANISMS.............................................................468 7.2.1. PCI 3.0 Compatible Configuration Mechanism.................................................469 7.2.2. PCI Express Enhanced Configuration Access Mechanism (ECAM)..................470 7.2.3. Root Complex Register Block.............................................................................474 7.3. CONFIGURATION TRANSACTION RULES.......................................................................475 7.3.1. Device Number....................................................................................................475 7.3.2. Configuration Transaction Addressing...............................................................476 7.3.3. Configuration Request Routing Rules.................................................................476 7.3.4. PCI Special Cycles..............................................................................................477 7.4. CONFIGURATION REGISTER TYPES..............................................................................478 7.5. PCI-COMPATIBLE CONFIGURATION REGISTERS...........................................................479 7.5.1. Type 0/1 Common Configuration Space.............................................................480 7.5.2. Type 0 Configuration Space Header...................................................................487 7.5.3. Type 1 Configuration Space Header...................................................................488 7.6. PCI POWER MANAGEMENT CAPABILITY STRUCTURE..................................................492 7.7. MSI AND MSI-X CAPABILITY STRUCTURES................................................................494 7.7.1. Vector Control for MSI-X Table Entries.............................................................494 7.8. PCI EXPRESS CAPABILITY STRUCTURE........................................................................495 7.8.1. PCI Express Capability List Register (Offset 00h).............................................496 7.8.2. PCI Express Capabilities Register (Offset 02h).................................................497 7.8.3. Device Capabilities Register (Offset 04h)..........................................................499 7.8.4. Device Control Register (Offset 08h).................................................................504 7.8.5. Device Status Register (Offset 0Ah)....................................................................510 7.8.6. Link Capabilities Register (Offset 0Ch)..............................................................513 7.8.7. Link Control Register (Offset 10h).....................................................................517 7.8.8. Link Status Register (Offset 12h)........................................................................525 7.8.9. Slot Capabilities Register (Offset 14h)...............................................................528 7.8.10. Slot Control Register (Offset 18h)......................................................................530 7.8.11. Slot Status Register (Offset 1Ah).........................................................................534 7.8.12. Root Control Register (Offset 1Ch)....................................................................536 7.8.13. Root Capabilities Register (Offset 1Eh).............................................................538 7.8.14. Root Status Register (Offset 20h)........................................................................538 7.8.15. Device Capabilities 2 Register (Offset 24h).......................................................539 7.8.16. Device Control 2 Register (Offset 28h)..............................................................543 7.8.17. Device Status 2 Register (Offset 2Ah).................................................................546 7.8.18. Link Capabilities 2 Register (Offset 2Ch)...........................................................547 7.8.19. Link Control 2 Register (Offset 30h)..................................................................547 7.8.20. Link Status 2 Register (Offset 32h).....................................................................551 7.8.21. Slot Capabilities 2 Register (Offset 34h)............................................................551 7.8.22. Slot Control 2 Register (Offset 38h)...................................................................552 7.8.23. Slot Status 2 Register (Offset 3Ah)......................................................................552 7.9. PCI EXPRESS EXTENDED CAPABILITIES.......................................................................552 7 PCI EXPRESS BASE SPECIFICATION, REV. 2.1 7.9.1. Extended Capabilities in Configuration Space...................................................553 7.9.2. Extended Capabilities in the Root Complex Register Block...............................553 7.9.3. PCI Express Extended Capability Header..........................................................553 7.10. ADVANCED ERROR REPORTING CAPABILITY...........................................................554 7.10.1. Advanced Error Reporting Extended Capability Header (Offset 00h)...............555 7.10.2. Uncorrectable Error Status Register (Offset 04h)..............................................556 7.10.3. Uncorrectable Error Mask Register (Offset 08h)...............................................558 7.10.4. Uncorrectable Error Severity Register (Offset 0Ch)..........................................560 7.10.5. Correctable Error Status Register (Offset 10h)..................................................562 7.10.6. Correctable Error Mask Register (Offset 14h)...................................................563 7.10.7. Advanced Error Capabilities and Control Register (Offset 18h).......................564 7.10.8. Header Log Register (Offset 1Ch)......................................................................565 7.10.9. Root Error Command Register (Offset 2Ch)......................................................566 7.10.10. Root Error Status Register (Offset 30h)..........................................................567 7.10.11. Error Source Identification Register (Offset 34h)..........................................570 7.10.12. TLP Prefix Log Register (Offset 38h).............................................................570 7.11. VIRTUAL CHANNEL CAPABILITY.............................................................................571 7.11.1. Virtual Channel Extended Capability Header....................................................573 7.11.2. Port VC Capability Register 1............................................................................574 7.11.3. Port VC Capability Register 2............................................................................575 7.11.4. Port VC Control Register....................................................................................576 7.11.5. Port VC Status Register......................................................................................577 7.11.6. VC Resource Capability Register.......................................................................578 7.11.7. VC Resource Control Register............................................................................580 7.11.8. VC Resource Status Register..............................................................................582 7.11.9. VC Arbitration Table..........................................................................................583 7.11.10. Port Arbitration Table....................................................................................584 7.12. DEVICE SERIAL NUMBER CAPABILITY.....................................................................586 7.12.1. Device Serial Number Extended Capability Header (Offset 00h)......................587 7.12.2. Serial Number Register (Offset 04h)...................................................................588 7.13. PCI EXPRESS ROOT COMPLEX LINK DECLARATION CAPABILITY............................588 7.13.1. Root Complex Link Declaration Extended Capability Header...........................590 7.13.2. Element Self Description.....................................................................................591 7.13.3. Link Entries.........................................................................................................592 7.14. PCI EXPRESS ROOT COMPLEX INTERNAL LINK CONTROL CAPABILITY...................596 7.14.1. Root Complex Internal Link Control Extended Capability Header....................596 7.14.2. Root Complex Link Capabilities Register...........................................................597 7.14.3. Root Complex Link Control Register..................................................................600 7.14.4. Root Complex Link Status Register.....................................................................601 7.15. POWER BUDGETING CAPABILITY.............................................................................602 7.15.1. Power Budgeting Extended Capability Header (Offset 00h)..............................603 7.15.2. Data Select Register (Offset 04h).......................................................................603 7.15.3. Data Register (Offset 08h)..................................................................................604 7.15.4. Power Budget Capability Register (Offset 0Ch).................................................606 7.16. ACS EXTENDED CAPABILITY..................................................................................607 7.16.1. ACS Extended Capability Header (Offset 00h)..................................................607 8 PCI EXPRESS BASE SPECIFICATION, REV. 2.1 7.16.2. ACS Capability Register (Offset 04h).................................................................608 7.16.3. ACS Control Register (Offset 06h).....................................................................609 7.16.4. Egress Control Vector (Offset 08h)....................................................................611 7.17. PCI EXPRESS ROOT COMPLEX EVENT COLLECTOR ENDPOINT ASSOCIATION CAPABILITY.............................................................................................................................612 7.17.1. Root Complex Event Collector Endpoint Association Extended Capability Header .............................................................................................................................613 7.17.2. Association Bitmap for Root Complex Integrated Endpoints.............................614 7.18. MULTI-FUNCTION VIRTUAL CHANNEL CAPABILITY................................................614 7.18.1. MFVC Extended Capability Header...................................................................615 7.18.2. Port VC Capability Register 1............................................................................616 7.18.3. Port VC Capability Register 2............................................................................618 7.18.4. Port VC Control Register....................................................................................619 7.18.5. Port VC Status Register......................................................................................620 7.18.6. VC Resource Capability Register.......................................................................620 7.18.7. VC Resource Control Register............................................................................622 7.18.8. VC Resource Status Register..............................................................................624 7.18.9. VC Arbitration Table..........................................................................................625 7.18.10. Function Arbitration Table.............................................................................625 7.19. VENDOR-SPECIFIC CAPABILITY...............................................................................627 7.19.1. Vendor-Specific Extended Capability Header (Offset 00h)................................628 7.19.2. Vendor-Specific Header (Offset 04h)..................................................................629 7.20. RCRB HEADER CAPABILITY...................................................................................630 7.20.1. RCRB Header Extended Capability Header (Offset 00h)...................................630 7.20.2. Vendor ID (Offset 04h) and Device ID (Offset 06h)...........................................631 7.20.3. RCRB Capabilities (Offset 08h)..........................................................................632 7.20.4. RCRB Control (Offset 0Ch)................................................................................632 7.21. MULTICAST CAPABILITY.........................................................................................633 7.21.1. Multicast Extended Capability Header (Offset 00h)..........................................633 7.21.2. Multicast Capability Register (Offset 04h).........................................................634 7.21.3. Multicast Control Register (Offset 06h).............................................................635 7.21.4. Multicast Base Address Register (Offset 08h)....................................................636 7.21.5. MC_Receive Register (Offset 10h)......................................................................636 7.21.6. MC_Block_All Register (Offset 18h)..................................................................637 7.21.7. MC_Block_Untranslated Register (Offset 20h)..................................................638 7.21.8. MC_Overlay_BAR (Offset 28h)..........................................................................638 7.22. RESIZABLE BAR CAPABILITY..................................................................................639 7.22.1. Resizable BAR Extended Capability Header (Offset 00h)..................................641 7.22.2. Resizable BAR Capability Register (Offset 04h)................................................642 7.22.3. Resizable BAR Control Register (Offset 08h).....................................................643 7.23. ARI CAPABILITY.....................................................................................................644 7.23.1. ARI Capability Header (Offset 00h)...................................................................645 7.23.2. ARI Capability Register (Offset 04h)..................................................................645 7.23.3. ARI Control Register (Offset 06h)......................................................................646 7.24. DYNAMIC POWER ALLOCATION (DPA) CAPABILITY...............................................647 7.24.1. DPA Extended Capability Header (Offset 00h)..................................................647 9 PCI EXPRESS BASE SPECIFICATION, REV. 2.1 7.24.2. DPA Capability Register (Offset 04h)................................................................648 7.24.3. DPA Latency Indicator Register (Offset 08h).....................................................649 7.24.4. DPA Status Register (Offset 0Ch).......................................................................649 7.24.5. DPA Control Register (Offset 0Eh)....................................................................650 7.24.6. DPA Power Allocation Array.............................................................................650 7.25. LATENCY TOLERANCE REPORTING (LTR) CAPABILITY...........................................651 7.25.1. LTR Extended Capability Header (Offset 00h)...................................................651 7.25.2. Max Snoop Latency Register (Offset 04h)..........................................................652 7.25.3. Max No-Snoop Latency Register (Offset 06h)....................................................652 7.26. TPH REQUESTER CAPABILITY.................................................................................653 7.26.1. TPH Requester Extended Capability Header (Offset 00h).................................654 7.26.2. TPH Requester Capability Register (Offset 04h)................................................654 7.26.3. TPH Requester Control Register (Offset 08h)....................................................656 7.26.4. TPH ST Table (Starting from Offset 0Ch)..........................................................657 A. ISOCHRONOUS APPLICATIONS...................................................................................659 A.1. INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................659 A.2. ISOCHRONOUS CONTRACT AND CONTRACT PARAMETERS...........................................661 A.2.1. Isochronous Time Period and Isochronous Virtual Timeslot.............................662 A.2.2. Isochronous Payload Size...................................................................................663 A.2.3. Isochronous Bandwidth Allocation.....................................................................663 A.2.4. Isochronous Transaction Latency.......................................................................664 A.2.5. An Example Illustrating Isochronous Parameters..............................................665 A.3. ISOCHRONOUS TRANSACTION RULES...........................................................................666 A.4. TRANSACTION ORDERING............................................................................................666 A.5. ISOCHRONOUS DATA COHERENCY...............................................................................666 A.6. FLOW CONTROL...........................................................................................................667 A.7. CONSIDERATIONS FOR BANDWIDTH ALLOCATION.......................................................667 A.7.1. Isochronous Bandwidth of PCI Express Links....................................................667 A.7.2. Isochronous Bandwidth of Endpoints.................................................................667 A.7.3. Isochronous Bandwidth of Switches...................................................................667 A.7.4. Isochronous Bandwidth of Root Complex...........................................................668 A.8. CONSIDERATIONS FOR PCI EXPRESS COMPONENTS.....................................................668 A.8.1. An Endpoint as a Requester................................................................................668 A.8.2. An Endpoint as a Completer...............................................................................668 A.8.3. Switches...............................................................................................................669 A.8.4. Root Complex......................................................................................................670 B. SYMBOL ENCODING......................................................................................................671 C. PHYSICAL LAYER APPENDIX......................................................................................681 C.1. DATA SCRAMBLING.....................................................................................................681 D. REQUEST DEPENDENCIES............................................................................................687 E. ID-BASED ORDERING USAGE......................................................................................691 E.1. INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................691 10

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