Pathophysiology is the study of disordered and altered functions affecting the body's dynamic homeostasis and the concepts of illness development and progression. This course is designed to broaden the nurse's understanding of renal pathophysiology by exploring causes, alterations and physiology adaptations, manifestations, and resolution of disease states. Pathophysiologic symptoms and signs are described in relation to the patient's clinical presentation, allowing the nurse can monitor physical changes and relate them directly to the illness process. Appropriate diagnostic tests and treatments for each problem are included to provide information about disease progression, remission, and resolution.