Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology 884 Neuroscience and Respiration Mieczyslaw Pokorski Editor Pathophysiology of Respiration Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology Neuroscience and Respiration Volume 884 Editorial Board Irun R. Cohen, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel N.S.AbelLajtha,KlineInstituteforPsychiatricResearch,Orangeburg,NY,USA John D. Lambris, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA Rodolfo Paoletti, University of Milan, Milan, Italy Subseries Editor Mieczyslaw Pokorski Moreinformationabout thisseries athttp://www.springer.com/series/13457 Mieczyslaw Pokorski Editor Pathophysiology of Respiration Editor MieczyslawPokorski PublicHigherMedicalProfessionalSchoolinOpole InstituteofNursing Opole,Poland ISSN0065-2598 ISSN2214-8019 (electronic) AdvancesinExperimentalMedicineandBiology ISBN978-3-319-24482-2 ISBN978-3-319-24484-6(eBook) DOI10.1007/978-3-319-24484-6 LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2015958791 SpringerChamHeidelbergNewYorkDordrechtLondon #SpringerInternationalPublishingSwitzerland2016 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeor part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations,recitation,broadcasting,reproductiononmicrofilmsorinanyotherphysicalway, andtransmissionorinformationstorageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware, orbysimilarordissimilarmethodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped. Theuseofgeneraldescriptivenames,registerednames,trademarks,servicemarks,etc.inthis publicationdoesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesare exemptfromtherelevantprotectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. Thepublisher,theauthorsandtheeditorsaresafetoassumethattheadviceandinformationin thisbookarebelievedtobetrueandaccurateatthedateofpublication.Neitherthepublishernor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material containedhereinorforanyerrorsoromissionsthatmayhavebeenmade. Printedonacid-freepaper SpringerInternationalPublishingAGSwitzerlandispartofSpringerScience+BusinessMedia (www.springer.com) Preface The book series Neuroscience and Respiration presents contributions by expert researchers and clinicians in the field of pulmonary disorders. The chapters provide timely overviews of contentious issues or recent advances in the diagnosis, classification, and treatment of the entire range of pulmo- narydisorders,bothacuteandchronic.Thetextsarethoughtasamergerof basic and clinical research dealing with respiratory medicine, neural and chemical regulation of respiration, and the interactive relationship between respiration and other neurobiological systems such as cardiovascular func- tionorthemind-to-bodyconnection.Theauthorsfocusontheleading-edge therapeutic concepts, methodologies, and innovative treatments. Pharmaco- therapy is always in the focus of respiratory research. The action and pharmacology of existing drugs and the development and evaluation of new agents are the heady area of research. Practical, data-driven options to manage patients will be considered. New research is presented regarding older drugs, performed from a modern perspective or from a different pharmacotherapeutic angle. The introduction of new drugs and treatment approachesinbothadultsandchildrenalsoisdiscussed. Lung ventilation is ultimately driven by the brain. However, neuropsy- chologicalaspectsofrespiratorydisordersarestillmostlyamatterofconjec- ture. After decades of misunderstanding and neglect, emotions have been rediscovered as a powerful modifier or even the probable cause of various somatic disorders. Today, the link between stress and respiratory health is undeniable. Scientists accept a powerful psychological connection that can directlyaffectourqualityoflifeandhealthspan.Psychologicalapproaches, bydecreasingstress,canplayamajorroleinthedevelopmentandtherapyof respiratorydiseases. Neuromolecular aspects relating to gene polymorphism and epigenesis, involvingbothheritablechangesinthenucleotidesequence,andfunctionally relevantchangestothegenomethatdonotinvolveachangeinthenucleotide sequence, leading to respiratory disorders will also be tackled. Clinical advancesstemmingfrommolecularandbiochemicalresearcharebutpossi- ble if the research findings are translated into diagnostic tools, therapeutic procedures,andeducation,effectivelyreachingphysiciansandpatients.All thatcannotbeachievedwithoutamultidisciplinary,collaborative,bench-to- bedsideapproachinvolvingbothresearchersandclinicians. v vi Preface Thesocietalandeconomicburdenofrespiratoryailmentshasbeenonthe rise worldwide leading to disabilities and shortening of life span. COPD alone causes more than three million deaths globally each year. Concerted efforts are required to improve this situation, and part of those efforts are gaining insights into the underlying mechanisms of disease and staying abreast with the latest developments in diagnosis and treatment regimens. Itishopedthatthebookspublishedinthisserieswillassumealeadingrolein the field of respiratory medicine and research and will become a source of referenceandinspirationforfutureresearchideas. I would like to express my deep gratitude to Martijn Roelandse, Paul Roos, and Tanja Koppejan from Springer’s Life Sciences Department for theirgenuineinterestinmakingthisscientificendeavorcomethroughandfor the expert management of this novel book series. My thanks also go to Pavitra Arulmurugan from SPi Technologies India Private Ltd. for the skillfulhandlingofthebookproductiondetails. Opole,Poland MieczyslawPokorski Volume 18: Pathophysiology of Respiration This book presents a range of research and clinical contributions,including observational studies, practical treatment examples, diagnostic test assess- ment,biomarkers,andsystematicreviews.Theobjectiveistoseektoexplain the processes or mechanisms whereby abnormal or undesired conditions develop and progress. The attention is given to disturbed carbohydrate metabolism in perpetuation of respiratory ailments or raising therapeutic problems. The psychosocial context of chronic respiratory conditions is tackledaswell.Oxidativestressisconducivetobothphysicalandcognitive aging, which raises the specter of using its biochemical markers in future antiaging therapeutic strategies. Critical information provided in the contributions will allow readers to make informed judgments. The book will hopefully serve to create awareness and apprehension about the developments in the field of pneumology and related areas of medical research. vii Contents BreathinginParkinsonismintheRat. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . 1 MonikaBialkowska,PawełBoguszewski,andMieczyslawPokorski Lund-MackaySystemforComputedTomographyEvaluation ofParanasalSinusesinPatientswithGranulomatosis andPolyangiitis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 K.Z˙ycinska,M.Straburzynski,A.Nitsch-Osuch,R.Krupa, M.Hadzik-Błaszczyk,M.Cieplak,T.M.Zielonka,andK.Wardyn OxidativeStressandNitricOxideinSedentaryOlderAdults withIntellectualandDevelopmentalDisabilities. . . . . . . . . . . . 21 E.Carmeli,A.Bachar,O.Rom,andD.Aizenbud ForeignBodyintheAirwayaFemalePatient withMyastheniaGravis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 EwaMalinowska,JolantaDa˛browska-Kruszewska, AnnaDoboszyn´ska,MichałStangiewicz,KarolGugała, andMaciejBiernacki RelevanceofImmune-SympatheticNervousSystem InterplayfortheDevelopmentofHypertension. . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 PawelJ.Winklewski,MarekRadkowski,andUrszulaDemkow TheInfluenceofInsulinTherapyontheCourse ofAcuteExacerbationofBronchialAsthma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 K.Wytrychowski,A.Obojski,andA.Hans-Wytrychowska AssociationofAllergicRhinitisinFemaleUniversity StudentswithSocio-economicFactorsandMarkers ofEstrogensLevels. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 I.Wronka,K.Klis´,andK.Jarze˛bak PsychosocialContextofDifferencesBetweenAsthmatic andDiabeticPatientsinAdaptationtoDisease. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 AgnieszkaWilczyn´ska,JagodaSikora,andBeataPituła ix