’ Passions and Persuasion in Aristotles Rhetoric OXFORD ARISTOTLE STUDIES GeneralEditors JuliaAnnasandLindsayJudson ALSOPUBLISHEDINTHESERIES ThePowersofAristotle’sSoul ThomasKjellerJohansen AristotleontheApparentGood Perception,Phantasia,Thought,andDesire JessicaMoss Teleology,FirstPrinciples,andScientific MethodinAristotle’sBiology AllanGotthelf PriorityinAristotle’sMetaphysics MichailPeramatzis DoingandBeing AnInterpretationofAristotle’sMetaphysicsTheta JonathanBeere Space,Time,Matter,andForm EssaysonAristotle’sPhysics DavidBostock AristotleonMeaningandEssence DavidCharles TimeforAristotle UrsulaCoope AristotleonTeleology MonteRansomeJohnson OnLocation Aristotle’sConceptsofPlace BenjaminMorison OrderinMultiplicity HomonymyinthePhilosophyofAristotle ChristopherShields Aristotle’sTheoryofSubstance TheCategoriesandMetaphysicsZeta MichaelV.Wedin Aristotle’sDeInterpretatione ContradictionandDialectic C.W.A.Whitaker HowAristotlegetsbyinMetaphysicsZeta FrankA.Lewis Passions and Persuasion in ’ Aristotle s Rhetoric Jamie Dow 1 OUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,14/3/2015,SPi 3 GreatClarendonStreet,Oxford,OX26DP, UnitedKingdom OxfordUniversityPressisadepartmentoftheUniversityofOxford. ItfurtherstheUniversity’sobjectiveofexcellenceinresearch,scholarship, andeducationbypublishingworldwide.Oxfordisaregisteredtrademarkof OxfordUniversityPressintheUKandincertainothercountries #JamieDow2015 Themoralrightsoftheauthorhavebeenasserted FirstEditionpublishedin2015 Impression:1 Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedin aretrievalsystem,ortransmitted,inanyformorbyanymeans,withoutthe priorpermissioninwritingofOxfordUniversityPress,orasexpresslypermitted bylaw,bylicenceorundertermsagreedwiththeappropriatereprographics rightsorganization.Enquiriesconcerningreproductionoutsidethescopeofthe aboveshouldbesenttotheRightsDepartment,OxfordUniversityPress,atthe addressabove Youmustnotcirculatethisworkinanyotherform andyoumustimposethissameconditiononanyacquirer PublishedintheUnitedStatesofAmericabyOxfordUniversityPress 198MadisonAvenue,NewYork,NY10016,UnitedStatesofAmerica BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationData Dataavailable LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2014947488 ISBN 978–0–19–871626–6 Printedandboundby CPIGroup(UK)Ltd,Croydon,CR04YY For Hazel, my lifelong companion in learning about the emotions. OUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,14/3/2015,SPi Contents Acknowledgements viii Introduction 1 Part 1 1. RhetoricandtheState—AristotleandHisPredecessors 9 2. Proof-readingAristotle’sRhetoric 34 3. RhetoricandtheState 64 4. AristotleagainstHisRivals 76 5. TheInterpretationofAristotle’sRhetoric 85 Part 2 6. HowCanEmotion-ArousalProvideProof? 95 7. ASupposedContradictionaboutEmotion-Arousal inAristotle’sRhetoric 107 Part 3 8. ThePassionsinAristotle’sRhetoric 131 9. Aristotle’sTheoryofthePassions—Passionsas PleasuresandPains 145 10. FeelingFantasticAgain—Passions,Appearances, andBeliefsinAristotle 182 Conclusions 226 Bibliography 229 IndexLocorum 237 GeneralIndex 244 Acknowledgements This project has been in gestation for such a long time that it has been improved,challenged,supported,andaffectedbyaverylargenumberof people. I hope it is not invidious, and perhaps it is merely stating the obvious, to say that its greatest debt is to Sarah Broadie. Under her guidanceandencouragement,aratherhaphazardanddisparatedoctoral project coalesced into something much more interesting and rich, and thisworkisadistantdescendantofthatwork.Iamextremelygratefulto herforhercontinuedencouragement,support,andchallenge.Sheisnot aloneinhavingofferedwarm,vigorous,andsustainedencouragementin the project of bringing this book to publication. I would like in that regard to offer particular thanks to Myles Burnyeat, Stephen Halliwell, and Chris Megone. Intellectually, I have benefited hugely from many discussions of the issues tackled in this book and would like to express mythanksforthesetothosealreadynamed,andtoGeorgeBoys-Stones, Roger Brock, Amber Carpenter, Luca Castagnoli, Victor Caston, Tim Chappell, Peter Goldie, Verity Harte, Antony Hatzistavrou, Malcolm Heath,PhilHorky,TerryIrwin, Rachana Kamtekar,RobLawlor, Fiona Leigh, M. M. McCabe, Jessica Moss, Anthony Price, Ed Sanders, David Sedley, Robbie Williams, Adrian Wilson, and to the excellent anonym- ousrefereesforOxfordUniversityPress.Iwouldliketorecordspecific- ally my appreciation of Jessica Moss for the friendly but persistent challenge she has made to my thinking about these issues. Socrates- like, she has been found pursuing me in the marketplace and ‘did not let me go’ (Ap 29e4) until she had submitted my views to testing, and irritatinglyoftenridmeofthefalsepretencetotruebelief.Iamgrateful to the AHRC, the Royal Institute of Philosophy, and the University of Leeds for funded research time to develop this project, and to Peter Momtchiloff and the series editors for their patience and perseverance in bringing this through to publication. It has been a long road, and I am grateful to Hazel, Callum, and Rachel, to my parents, Graham and Molly Dow, and to others in my wider family, for their support and encouragement, even when sometimes the great fascination of the ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ix workoflong-deadphilosophersseemsamysterytothem.Aboveall,Iam gratefultotheLordforalifeenrichedby(butnotconfinedto)spending myworkinghoursinphilosophicalreflection,research,andteaching. Some of the material in this book has been published elsewhere. I thank the publishers and editors for their permission to reproduce it here.PartsofChapters1–4reusematerialpublishedas‘Aristotleonthe Centrality of Proof to Rhetoric’, Logique et Analyse, 53/210 (2010), 101–30.MuchofChapter2appearedas‘Proof-readingAristotle’sRhet- oric’,ArchivfürGeschichtederPhilosophie,96.1(2014),1–37.Aversion of Chapter7 appeared as ‘A supposed contradiction about emotion- arousal in Aristotle’s Rhetoric’, Phronesis 52.4 (2007), 382–402. Much of Chapter9 appeared as ‘Aristotle’s Theory of the Emotions’, in M.PakalukandG.Pearson(eds),MoralPsychologyandHumanAction in Aristotle, Oxford: Oxford University Press (2011), 47–74. Various parts of Chapter10 reuse material from ‘Feeling Fantastic—Emotions and Appearances in Aristotle’, Oxford Studies in Ancient Philosophy, vol.XXXVII(winter2009),143–75;andfrom‘FeelingFantasticAgain— Passions,AppearancesandBeliefsinAristotle’,OxfordStudiesinAncient Philosophy,vol.XLVI(summer2014),213–51.