Passing Rhythms Passing Rhythms Liverpool FC and the Transformation of Football Edited by John Williams, Stephen Hopkins and Cathy Long Oxford • New York First published in 2001 by Berg Editorial offices: 150 Cowley Road, Oxford, OX4 1JJ, UK 838 Broadway, Third Floor, New York, NY 10003-4812, USA © John Williams, Stephen Hopkins and Cathy Long 2001 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by any means without the written permission of Berg. Berg is an imprint of Oxford International Publishers Ltd. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. ISBN 1 85973 397 2 (Cloth) ISBN 1 85973 303 4 (Paper) Typeset by JS Typesetting, Wellingborough, Northants. Printed in the United Kingdom by Biddles Ltd, Guildford and King’s Lynn. For our families and all Liverpool supporters in the Flat Iron pub, Liverpool 4. Contents Notes on Contributors ix Introduction John Williams, Stephen Hopkins and Cathy Long 1 1 Out of the Blue and into the Red: The Early Liverpool Years John Williams 15 2 Football and Religion: Merseyside and Glasgow Raymond Boyle 39 3 Bill Shankly and Liverpool Andrew Ward with John Williams 53 4 Passing Rhythms: The Modern Origins and Development of the ‘Liverpool Way’ Stephen Hopkins 77 5 Kopites, ‘Scallies’ and Liverpool Fan Cultures: Tales of Triumph and Disasters John Williams 99 6 From Barnes to Camara: Football, Identity and Racism in Liverpool Dave Hill 129 7 The Fall of Liverpool FC and the English Football ‘Revolution’ John Williams 147 8 Gérard Houllier and the New Liverpool ‘Imaginary’ Stephen Hopkins and John Williams 173 9 Sitting Pretty? Women and Football in Liverpool Liz Crolley and Cathy Long 195 – vii – Contents 10 Liverpool FC in the Global Football Age Rick Parry 215 Afterword: Hillsborough – Flowers and Wasted Words Colin Moneypenny 229 Index 235 – viii – Notes on Contributors Dr Raymond Boyle is Head of the Film and Media Studies Department and a member of the Stirling Media Research Institute based at the University of Stirling. He has published on sport and the media and is co author (with Richard Haynes) of Power Play: Sport, the Media and Popular Culture (2000). He sits on the editorial board of Media, Culture and Society. Liz Crolley teaches in the Department of Languages at Manchester Metropolitan University and she has written widely on football. She is a review editor for Soccer and Society and is the co-author, with Vic Duke, of Football, Nationality and the State (1996) She is also the co-author of Imagined Identities? Football in the European Press (2001). Dave Hill is a writer and researcher who has a special interest in issues of ‘race’ and masculinity. There are plans to publish a new version of Out of His Skin, Dave’s seminal book on John Barnes and racism in football, which was first published in 1989. He is also the author of England’s Glory (1996), a book about the 1966 World Cup Finals, and he has published widely on sport, and on relationships and the family, especially in the Guardian and the Evening Standard. His latest project is a book on masculinity and sex. Stephen Hopkins teaches in the Politics Department at the University of Leicester and is an associate member of the Sir Norman Chester Centre for Football Research. He is a Liverpool season ticket holder and his main research interest is in the politics of Northern Ireland Cathy Long works for the FA Premier League and the Football League on supporter panels research. She also co-ordinated and reported on activities at the Fans’ Embassies for the Football Supporters’ Association during Euro 2000 in Belgium and Holland. She is currently working on a project on football families and is an active researcher on the music scene in Liverpool. She is a Kop season ticket holder. Colin Moneypenny is a Liverpool supporter, FSA member, and was the Liverpool City Council Committee Clerk to the Hillsborough Working Party. – ix –