Proceedings of The XI Joroe flndre Smieca Summer Scliool P a r t i c l es a nd F i e l ds Gilvan A. Alves, Oscar J. P. Eboli and Victor 0. Rivelles (editors) World Scientific Proceedings of the II Jorge flndre Sioieca Summer Sctiool P a r M c I e s and F i e l ds This page is intentionally left blank Proceedings of lhe XI Jorge flndre Siiiieca Summer School P a r t i c l es and F i e l ds Sao Paulo, Brazil 14-27 January 2001 editors Gilvan A. Alves CBPF, Brazil Oscar J. P. Eboli Universidade de Sao Paulo, Brazil Victor 0. Rivelles Universidade de Sao Paulo, Brazil VCo v World Scientific New Jersey • London • Singapore • Hong Kong Published by World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd. P O Box 128, Farrer Road, Singapore 912805 USA office: Suite IB, 1060 Main Street, River Edge, NJ 07661 UK office: 57 Shelton Street, Covent Garden, London WC2H 9HE British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. PARTICLES AND FIELDS Proceedings of the XI Jorge Andre Swieca Summer School Copyright © 2002 by World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd. All rights reserved. This book, or parts thereof, may not be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or any information storage and retrieval system now known or to be invented, without written permission from the Publisher. For photocopying of material in this volume, please pay a copying fee through the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. In this case permission to photocopy is not required from the publisher. ISBN 981-238-021-3 Printed in Singapore by World Scientific Printers (S) Pte Ltd PREFACE The XI Jorge Andre Swieca Summer School was held at Campos do Jordao, Sao Paulo, Brazil, from January 14 to 27, 2001. These proceedings contain the lecture notes of the topics covered during the school. In the first week there were eight introductory courses: • N. Berkovits presented an "Introduction to Superstrings"; • M. Gomes talked on "Renormalization in Noncommutative Field The ory"; • P. Gouffon lectured on "What is behind the tricks of data analysis in HEP"; • D. Green lectured on "High PT Physics at Hadron Colliders"; • M. Novello presented an "Introduction to Gravitational Theories"; • R. C. Shellard talked on "The Highest Energies in the Universe"; • N. F. Svaiter lectured on "Field Theory at Finite Temperature"; • I. Vancea presented an "Introduction to D-branes"; • R. Zukanovich Funchal lectured on "Monte Carlo Simulation: a Road from Theoretical Models to Experimental Observables". The second week was devoted to more advanced courses: • I. Ya. Arefeva lectured on "Noncommutativity in Field Theories and Strings"; • A. Das lectured on "Selected Topics Integrable Models"; • M. C. Gonzalez-Garcia presented the "Phenomenology of Neutrino Masses and Mixing"; • P. Nason talked on "QCD and Collider Physics"; • S. Minwalla talked on "String Theory without Gravity"; • K. S. Stelle lectured on "BPS branes in Supergravity"; • W. J. Womersley lectured on "Physics at Hadron Colliders". We would like to thank everybody who contributed to the success of the XI J. A. Swieca Summer School. Very special thanks are due to the lectur ers who gave a very nice set of lectures and shared their knowledge and time with the participants. The school would not have been possible without the financial support from the following institutions: FAPESP, CLAF, ICTP (Tri- v VI este), FAPERJ, CNPq, and University of Sao Paulo. The organizers would like to thank the Brazilian Physical Society (SBF) staff for the most efficient assistance. G. Alves O. J. P. Eboli V. O. Rivelles CONTENTS Preface v Noncommutative Field Theories and (Super) String Field Theories 1 I. Ya. Aref'eva et al. Introduction to Superstring Theory 165 N. Berkovits Selected Topics in Integrable Models 179 A. Das Monte Carlo Simulation: A Road from Theoretical Models to Experimental Observables 219 R.'Z. Funchal Renormalization in Noncommutative Field Theory 251 M. Gomes What is behind the Tricks of Data Analysis in High Energy Physics 291 P. Gouffon The Physics of Hadron Colliders 323 D. Green Lectures on Noncommutative Theories 329 S. Minwalla Introduction to Perturbative QCD 409 P. Nason High Energy Cosmic Rays 487 R. C. Shellard VII viii Brane Solutions in Supergravity 507 K. S. Stelle Introductory Lectures on £)-Branes 609 /. V. Vancea Physics at Hadron Colliders 659 J. Womersley List of Participants 663 NONCOMMUTATIVE FIELD THEORIES AND (SUPER)STRING FIELD THEORIES I. YA. AREF'EVA Steklov Mathematical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences E-mail: arefeva6mi.ras.ru D. M. BELOV Department of Physics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08855 and Steklov Mathematical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences E-mail: [email protected] A. A. GIRYAVETS Faculty of Physics, Moscow State University E-mail: [email protected] A. S. KOSHELEV Steklov Mathematical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences and Physics Department, University of Crete, Greece E-mail: [email protected] P. B. MEDVEDEV Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics E-mail: [email protected] Based on lectures given by I.Ya. Aref'eva at the Swieca Summer School, Brazil, January 2001; Summer School in Modern Mathematical Physics, Sokobanja, Serbia, Yugoslavia, 13-25 August 2001; Max Born Symposium, Karpacz, Poland 21-24 September, 2001; Workshop "Noncommutative Geometry, Strings and Renormalization", Leipzig, Germany, September 2001 1