LLeesslleeyy UUnniivveerrssiittyy DDiiggiittaallCCoommmmoonnss@@LLeesslleeyy Graduate School of Arts and Social Sciences Expressive Therapies Dissertations (GSASS) 5-2017 PPaarrttiicciippaattiioonn iinn AAmmaatteeuurr OOrrcchheessttrraa aanndd SSuubbjjeeccttiivvee WWeellll--bbeeiinngg iinn KKoorreeaa:: AA PPeerrssppeeccttiivvee ffrroomm CCoommmmuunniittyy MMuussiicc TThheerraappyy Hyun-Jung Kang Lesley University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lesley.edu/expressive_dissertations Part of the Music Therapy Commons RReeccoommmmeennddeedd CCiittaattiioonn Kang, Hyun-Jung, "Participation in Amateur Orchestra and Subjective Well-being in Korea: A Perspective from Community Music Therapy" (2017). Expressive Therapies Dissertations. 5. https://digitalcommons.lesley.edu/expressive_dissertations/5 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School of Arts and Social Sciences (GSASS) at DigitalCommons@Lesley. It has been accepted for inclusion in Expressive Therapies Dissertations by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@Lesley. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. PARTICIPATION IN AMATEUR ORCHESTRA AND SUBJECTIVE WELL-BEING IN KOREA: A PERSPECTIVE FROM COMMUNITY MUSIC THERAPY A DISSERTATION submitted by HYUN-JUNG KANG In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy LESLEY UNIVERSITY April 2017 2 3 STATEMENT BY AUTHOR This dissertation has been submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for an advanced degree at Lesley University and is deposited in the University Library to be made available to borrowers under rules of the Library. Brief quotations from this dissertation are allowed without special permission, provided that accurate acknowledgement of sources is made. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the head of the major department or the Dean of the Graduate College when in his or her judgement the proposed use of the material is in the interests of scholarship. In all other instances, however, permission must be obtained from the author. SIGNED: _____________________________ 4 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This has been a growth process, not just in completing my doctoral degree, but also personally developing my passion and curiosity for well-being, music, and music therapy. I could not have completed the all requirements for the doctoral degree without the help and support of others. I would like to express my special appreciation to my advisor, Dr. Michele Forinash, who has been an amazing mentor for me, not only involving my research, but also in my growth, letting me learn and experience the importance of culture, diversity, courage, and action. I would also like to sincerely thank my committee members, Dr. Robyn Flaum Cruz and Dr. Yeon Kyung Chee. You have all encouraged me every step of the way in this process and I couldn’t have completed this degree without your considerate and detailed help, advice, and guidance. I would like to thank the faculty of the Expressive Therapies doctoral program at Lesley University, Dr. Laura Beer, Dr. Julia Byers, Dr. Karen Estrella, Dr. Mitchell Kossak, and Dr. Shaun McNiff, for inspiring artistic ways of knowing and respecting my culture, my music, and my true self. Thanks to you, I could do community music therapy, which is culture-centered. I would like to thank the best members of Cohort 4 at Lesley University: Sojung Park, Carrie Ezell, Natalie Carlton, Wendy Allen, Elva Anderson, Olena Darewych, Molly Haaga, Craig Haen, Daniel Hyams, Kelvin Ramirez, Pamela Slane, and including Johanna Martinez. I would not have been to keep this journey without your wonderful support and friendship. Great appreciation goes to Euphonia and other amateur orchestras that have allowed me to experience “music community” in contexts of everyday life. You are the root for this dissertation and this study would not have been completed without your participation and help. I sincerely treasure the experience we shared in orchestras throughout our young adulthood. I hope to flourish each one of your orchestras and I hope I could contribute to that. I am immensely grateful to Dr. Hyun Ju Chong and Dr. Soo Ji Kim, demonstrating incredible professionalism and continuous support. I could research community music therapy because you as pioneers laid the foundation of music therapy firmly in Korea. Also, I am highly grateful to my teachers and peers who promote me to grow as a therapist and researcher throughout my career, Dr. Lisa Summer and Dr. Sumi Paik-Maier, Dr. Yangsoon Kim, Dr. Kwangbai Park, Dr. Nanhee Son, Dr. Min-jung Bae, Dr. Hea-Kyung Kwon, Changsoon Park and music therapy supervisors of Ewha Womans University. Warmest appreciation goes to my precious friends and relatives, who have cheered and supported me on in this journey: Heejeong Yang and her families, Gerald, Jamie and Ian, Mikyung, Sunyoung, Yumi, Justin, Ejung, Jooyeon, Minnu, Darae, Sungae, Soojin, members of Aris Ensemble (Mimi, Soyoung, Seokjoo, Sungjune), Euphonia dripbang, and yoga friends. Finally, I wish to thank my family for their boundless love, support, and trust throughout this long journey. You all are my motivation and power for my life and growth. This dissertation is dedicated to my dear parents, Inhyu Kang and Kyungja Ahn. 5 TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES……………………………………………………………………………..…6 LIST OF FIGURES…………………………………………………………………………...….7 ABSTRACT…………………………………………………………………………………..…..8 1. INTRODUCTION……………………………………………………………………….…...10 2. LITERATURE REVIEW……………………………………………………………………..14 Conceptual Framework: Ecological System Theory …………………………………....14 Community Music Therapy……………………………………………………………...16 Subjective Well-being……………………………………………………………………25 Amateur Orchestras……………………………………………………………….…….30 3. METHODS…………………………………………………………………..…………...…36 Research design………………………………………………………………………....36 Participants………………………………………………………………………………37 Procedure…………………………………………………………………………..……38 Data Collection…………………………………………………………………………..39 Data Analysis……………………………………………………………………............42 4. RESULTS………………………………………………………………………………..........44 Quantitative results…………………………………………………………………......44 Qualitative results………………………………………………………….…….….......56 5. DISCUSSION……………………………………………………………………….……......68 APPENDIX A: (Survey Questionnaire)…………………………………………………............80 APPENDIX B: (Informed Consent Form)……………………...…………………………..........86 REFERENCES…………………………………………………………………………….........90 6 LIST OF TABLES TABLE 1, Demographic Information of Survey Participants………………………………......45 TABLE 2, Musical Information of Participants…………………………………….………......47 TABLE 3, Participant Scores of Main Study Variables……………………………………......49 TABLE 4, Correlations Among Study Variables………………………………….………….....51 TABLE 5, Hierarchical Regression Analysis for Subjective Well-being……………………......55 TABLE 6, Demographic Information of Interview Participants……………………………......57 7 LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE 1, An ecological systemic framework of variables related to participation in an amateur orchestra………………………………………….…………………………………………......16 FIGURE 2, The interpretation of integrated quantitative and qualitative findings…………......67 FIGURE 3, Korean model of participation in an amateur orchestra and SWB from an ecological systemic perspective………………………….…………………………………………......74 8 ABSTRACT The purpose of this mixed-methods research was to investigate which individual and external factors related to participation in an amateur orchestra influence members’ subjective well-being (SWB) and how those factors contribute to members’ SWB from a community music therapy (CoMT) perspective in South Korea. The study employed a sequential explanatory mixed-method design. Quantitative data were gathered from 126 members of nine amateur orchestras through a survey questionnaire including demographics and musical background, Perceived Values of the Amateur Orchestra Members (PVAOM), the Basic Psychological Needs Scales (BPNS), the Individualism and Collectivism Scale (INS-COL), and the Satisfaction with the Life Scale (SWLS). Results from hierarchical multiple regression analysis showed that four factors were significantly associated with amateur orchestra members’ SWB: musical identity, relatedness, having a common connection among members, and vertical collectivism (VC). In order to illustrate and enhance understanding of the members’ experience related to the four factors, secondary qualitative data were collected from interviews with nine members among survey respondents. Qualitative content analysis of interview data produced the following themes: (a) in terms of VC, experiencing interdependence among members, approving authority of a leader, sharing a communal goal, sacrificing for and dedicating to the orchestra, and feeling a sense of togetherness; (b) in terms of musical identity, identifying and expressing interdependent self via playing his or her own instrument; (c) in terms of relatedness, experiencing deep interaction via playing in the orchestra music, and (d) in terms of having a common connection among members, promoting active interaction among members, enhancing community solidarity and a sense of belonging. These themes confirmed findings from the literature but indicated that respect and conformity for leaders and interdependence is more 9 valuable in Korean contexts compared to Western contexts. Overall findings of the analysis showed the values and possibilities of amateur orchestras as a music community for SWB in Korea. This study revealed amateur orchestras as music communities where different cultural values are harmonized within contexts of everyday life. The CoMT perspective contributed to findings that music as milieu can reflect and satisfy contemporary sociocultural needs as well as individuals’ needs while mutually interacting with participants and multilayered environments.