FIFTH EDITION with Readings Paragraphs and Essays for College, Work, and Everyday Life Susan Anker Bedford / St. Martin’s Boston ◆ New York For Bedford/St. Martin’s Executive Editor: Carrie Brandon Senior Developmental Editor: Martha Bustin Senior Production Editor: Deborah Baker Production Supervisor: Jennifer Peterson Marketing Manager: Casey Carroll Senior Art Director: Anna Palchik Editorial Assistant: Sophia Snyder Copyeditor: Linda McLatchie Cover Design: Billy Boardman Cover Photos: Front: Jonathan Stark; Back (Student Edition): Pelle Cass Composition: Graphic World, Inc. Printing and Binding: RR Donnelley and Sons President: Joan E. Feinberg Editorial Director: Denise B. Wydra Editor in Chief: Karen S. Henry Director of Marketing: Karen R. Soeltz Director of Editing, Design, and Production: Marcia Cohen Assistant Director of Editing, Design, and Production: Elise S. Kaiser Managing Editor: Elizabeth M. Schaaf Library of Congress Control Number: 2009924676 Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 by Bedford/St. Martin’s All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, except as may be expressly permitted by the applicable copyright statutes or in writing by the Publisher. Manufactured in the United States of America. 4 3 2 1 0 9 f e d c b a For information, write: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 75 Arlington Street, Boston, MA 02116 (617-399-4000) ISBN-10: 0-312-59632-4 (Real Writing) ISBN-13: 978-0-312-59632-3 0-312-53904-5 (Real Writing with Readings) 978-0-312-53904-7 0-312-56711-1 (Instructor’s Annotated Edition) 978-0-312-56711-8 Acknowledgments Janice E. Castro with Dan Cook and Cristina Garcia. “Spanglish.” Stephanie Ericsson. “The Ways We Lie.” Originally published in The From Time magazine, July 11, 1988. Copyright © 1988, Time, Utne Reader, November/December 1992 issue. Copyright © 1992 Inc. Reprinted by permission. TIME is a registered trademark of by Stephanie Ericsson. Reprinted by the permission of Dunham Time, Inc. All rights reserved. Literary as agents for the author. This essay also appears in Com- Judith Ortiz Cofer. “Don’t Misread My Signals.” Published in The panion Into Dawn: Inner Dialogues on Loving by Stephanie Erics- Latin Deli: Prose and Poetry under the title, “The Myth of the son, published in 1997 by HarperCollins. Latin Woman: I Just Met a Girl Named Maria.” Published in Dianne Hales. “Why Are We So Angry?” Initially published in the Glamour magazine under the title, “Don’t Misread My Signals.” September 2, 2001 issue of Parade. © 2001 Dianne Hales. Copyright © 1993 by Judith Ortiz Cofer. Reprinted by permis- Reprinted by permission of Parade Magazine and the author. All sion of the University of Georgia Press. rights reserved. Patrick Conroy. “Chili Cheese Dogs, My Father, and Me.” Initially Eric Liu. “Po-Po in Chinatown.” From The Accidental Asian: Notes of published in the November 4, 2004 issue of Parade, pages 4–5. a Native Speaker by Eric Liu. Copyright © 1998 by Eric Liu. © 2004 Pat Conroy. Reprinted by permission of Parade and Used by permission of Random House, Inc. Marly Rusoff & Associates, Inc. All rights reserved. Noreen Malone. “What Happens If You Fall into a Black Hole?” David Dosa. “A Day in the Life of Oscar the Cat.” From The New Appeared on www.slate.com/id/2199664 on September 9, 2008. England Journal of Medicine, July 26, 2007. Volume 357: 328–329, Copyright © 2009, Washington Post. Newsweek Interactive Number 4. Copyright © 2007 Massachusetts Medical Society. Company, LLC and Slate Magazine. All rights reserved. Reprinted by permission. All rights reserved. Acknowledgments and copyrights are continued at the back of the book on pages AK-10–11, which constitute an extension of the copyright page. It is a violation of the law to reproduce these selections by any means whatsoever without the written permission of the copyright holder. Brief Contents Thematic Table of Contents xi 17. Cause and Effect 239 Preface xiii 18. Argument 258 Real Support for Instructors and Students xxviii A Note to Students from Susan Anker xxx Part 3 Special College Writing Projects 277 PARAGRAPHS AND ESSAYS 19. Writing Summaries and Reports 279 20. Writing the Research Essay 288 Part 1 How to Write Paragraphs and Essays 1 1. Course and College Basics 3 EDITING 2. Reading Basics 22 Part 4 3. Writing Basics 35 The Four Most 4. Finding, Narrowing, and Exploring Serious Errors 309 Your Topic 48 5. Writing Your Topic Sentence or Thesis 21. The Basic Sentence 311 Statement 57 22. Fragments 325 6. Supporting Your Point 72 23. Run-Ons 343 7. Making a Plan 80 24. Problems with Subject-Verb 8. Drafting 88 Agreement 360 9. Revising 104 25. Verb Tense 380 Part 2 Part 5 Writing Different Kinds of Other Grammar Concerns 409 Paragraphs and Essays 119 26. Pronouns 411 10. Narration 121 27. Adjectives and Adverbs 434 11. Illustration 139 28. Misplaced and Dangling Modifi ers 444 12. Description 155 29. Coordination 451 13. Process Analysis 171 30. Subordination 461 14. Classifi cation 188 31. Parallelism 468 15. Defi nition 205 32. Sentence Variety 476 16. Comparison and Contrast 221 33. Formal English and ESL Concerns 491 iii iv Brief Contents Part 6 44. Description 638 Word Use 527 45. Process Analysis 652 34. Word Choice 529 46. Classifi cation 663 35. Commonly Confused Words 539 47. Defi nition 677 36. Spelling 550 48. Comparison and Contrast 689 49. Cause and Effect 701 50. Argument 713 Part 7 Punctuation and Capitalization 557 Appendices 37. Commas 559 A. Succeeding on Tests A-1 38. Apostrophes 574 B. Solving Problems A-12 39. Quotation Marks 582 40. Other Punctuation 590 41. Capitalization 596 Answers to Odd-Numbered Editing Exercises AK-1 EDITING REVIEW TESTS 1–10 601 Index I-1 Useful Editing and Proofreading Marks Useful Lists, Checklists, and Charts READINGS Part 8 Readings for Writers 611 42. Narration 613 43. Illustration 626 Contents Thematic Table of Contents xi Practice Exploring Your Topic 51 Preface xiii Write Your Own Topic and Ideas 55 CHAPTER REVIEW 56 Real Support for Instructors and Students xxviii A Note to Students from Susan Anker xxx 5. Writing Your Topic Sentence or Thesis Statement: PARAGRAPHS AND ESSAYS Making Your Point 57 Understand What a Topic Sentence Part 1 and a Thesis Statement Are 57 How to Write Paragraphs Practice Developing a Good Topic and Essays 1 Sentence or Thesis Statement 60 Write Your Own Topic Sentence or Thesis Statement 69 1. Course and College Basics: CHAPTER REVIEW 79 What You Need to Know 3 Course Basics 3 6. Supporting Your Point: Finding College Basics 8 Details, Examples, and Facts 72 ■ The VARK Questionnaire 13 Understand What Support Is 72 WRITING ASSIGNMENTS 20 Practice Supporting a Main Point 74 CHAPTER REVIEW 20 Write Your Own Support 76 2. Reading Basics: How to CHAPTER REVIEW 79 Understand What You Read 22 Understand How to Read Actively 7. Making a Plan: Arranging and Critically 22 Your Ideas 80 CHAPTER REVIEW 34 Understand What a Logical Order Is 80 3. Writing Basics: Audience, Practice Arranging Ideas in a Logical Order 82 Purpose, and Process 35 Make Your Own Plan 86 FOUR BASICS OF GOOD WRITING 35 CHAPTER REVIEW 87 Understand Audience and Purpose 35 Understand the Writing Process 39 Understand Grading Criteria 41 8. Drafting: Putting Your CHAPTER REVIEW 47 Ideas Together 88 Understand What a Draft Is 88 4. Finding, Narrowing, and Exploring Practice Writing a Draft Paragraph 89 Your Topic: Choosing Something Write Your Own Draft Paragraph 92 to Write About 48 Practice Writing a Draft Essay 93 Understand What a Topic Is 48 Write Your Own Draft Essay 100 Practice Narrowing a Topic 49 CHAPTER REVIEW 102 v vi Contents 9. Revising: Improving Your ■ Assignment 2: Writing about Connections Paragraph or Essay 104 COMMUNITY MATTERS: EVELKA RANKINS 151 ■ Assignment 3: Writing in the Real World /Solving Understand What Revision Is 104 a Problem 152 Understand What Peer Review Is 106 CHAPTER REVIEW 154 Practice Revising for Unity, Detail, and Coherence 106 12. Description: Writing That Creates Revise Your Own Paragraph 114 Revise Your Own Essay 115 Pictures in Words 155 Understand What Description Is 155 CHAPTER REVIEW 118 FOUR BASICS OF GOOD DESCRIPTION 155 Read and Analyze Description 162 Profi le of Success Part 2 Description in the Real World: Writing Different Kinds of Celia Hyde 162 Paragraphs and Essays 119 Student Description Paragraph 163 Student Description Essay 164 Write Your Own Description 166 10. Narration: Writing That Tells Important Stories 121 ■ Assignment 1: Writing about College, Work, and Everyday Life 166 Understand What Narration Is 121 ■ Assignment 2: Writing about Connections FOUR BASICS OF GOOD NARRATION 121 COMMUNITY MATTERS: ALESSANDRA CEPEDA 166 Read and Analyze Narration 129 ■ Assignment 3: Writing in the Real World /Solving Profi le of Success a Problem 168 Narration in the Real World: CHAPTER REVIEW 170 Kelly Layland 129 Student Narration Paragraph 130 13. Process Analysis: Writing That Student Narration Essay 132 Write Your Own Narration 134 Explains How Things Happen 171 Understand What Process Analysis Is 171 ■ Assignment 1: Writing about College, Work, and Everyday Life 134 FOUR BASICS OF GOOD PROCESS ANALYSIS 171 ■ Assignment 2: Writing about Connections Read and Analyze Process Analysis 176 COMMUNITY MATTERS: JENNY HAUN 135 Profi le of Success ■ Assignment 3: Writing in the Real World /Solving Process Analysis in the Real World: a Problem 136 Rocío Murillo 177 CHAPTER REVIEW 137 Student Process Analysis Paragraph 178 Student Process Analysis Essay 179 Write Your Own Process Analysis 182 11. Illustration: Writing That ■ Assignment 1: Writing about College, Gives Examples 139 Work, and Everyday Life 182 Understand What Illustration Is 139 ■ Assignment 2: Writing about Connections FOUR BASICS OF GOOD ILLUSTRATION 139 COMMUNITY MATTERS: ROBIN WYANT 183 Read and Analyze Illustration 144 ■ Assignment 3: Writing in the Real World /Solving Profi le of Success a Problem 184 Illustration in the Real World: CHAPTER REVIEW 186 Karen Upright 145 Student Illustration Paragraph 147 14. Classifi cation: Writing That Student Illustration Essay 148 Sorts Things into Groups 188 Write Your Own Illustration 150 Understand What Classifi cation Is 188 ■ Assignment 1: Writing about College, Work, and Everyday Life 150 FOUR BASICS OF GOOD CLASSIFICATION 188 Contents vii Read and Analyze Classifi cation 196 Write Your Own Comparison Profi le of Success and Contrast 233 Classifi cation in the Real World: ■ Assignment 1: Writing about College, Nicole Day 196 Work, and Everyday Life 233 Student Classifi cation Paragraph 197 ■ Assignment 2: Writing about Connections Student Classifi cation Essay 198 COMMUNITY MATTERS: LYNZE SCHILLER 234 Write Your Own Classifi cation 200 ■ Assignment 3: Writing in the Real World /Solving a Problem 235 ■ Assignment 1: Writing about College, Work, and Everyday Life 200 CHAPTER REVIEW 238 ■ Assignment 2: Writing about Connections COMMUNITY MATTERS: CAROLINE POWERS 201 17. Cause and Effect: Writing That ■ Assignment 3: Writing in the Real World /Solving Explains Reasons or Results 239 a Problem 202 Understand What Cause and Effect Are 239 CHAPTER REVIEW 204 FOUR BASICS OF GOOD CAUSE AND EFFECT 239 Read and Analyze Cause and Effect 245 15. Defi nition: Writing That Tells Profi le of Success Cause and Effect in the Real World: What Something Means 205 Mary LaCue Booker 246 Understand What Defi nition Is 205 Student Cause/Effect Paragraph 248 FOUR BASICS OF GOOD DEFINITION 205 Student Cause/Effect Essay 249 Read and Analyze Defi nition 210 Write Your Own Cause and Effect 252 Profi le of Success ■ Assignment 1: Writing about College, Defi nition in the Real World: Work, and Everyday Life 252 Walter Scanlon 210 ■ Assignment 2: Writing about Connections Student Defi nition Paragraph 212 COMMUNITY MATTERS: SHAWN ELSWICK 253 Student Defi nition Essay 213 ■ Assignment 3: Writing in the Real World /Solving Write Your Own Defi nition 215 a Problem 255 ■ Assignment 1: Writing about College, CHAPTER REVIEW 257 Work, and Everyday Life 215 ■ Assignment 2: Writing about Connections 18. Argument: Writing COMMUNITY MATTERS: CORIN COSTAS 216 That Persuades 258 ■ Assignment 3: Writing in the Real World /Solving a Problem 218 Understand What Argument Is 258 CHAPTER REVIEW 219 FOUR BASICS OF GOOD ARGUMENT 258 Read and Analyze Argument 266 Profi le of Success 16. Comparison and Contrast: Argument in the Real World: Writing That Shows Similarities Reggie Harris 267 and Differences 221 Student Argument Essay in Favor of the Gas Tax 269 Understand What Comparison Student Argument Essay against the Gas Tax 269 and Contrast Are 221 Write Your Own Argument 271 FOUR BASICS OF GOOD COMPARISON ■ Assignment 1: Writing about College, AND CONTRAST 221 Work, and Everyday Life 271 Read and Analyze Comparison ■ Assignment 2: Writing about Connections and Contrast 228 COMMUNITY MATTERS: JORGE ROQUE 272 Profi le of Success ■ Assignment 3: Writing in the Real World /Solving Comparison and Contrast in the Real World: a Problem 273 Brad Leibov 229 ■ Assignment 4: Writing Argument Student Comparison/Contrast Paragraph 230 for a Writing Test 274 Student Comparison/Contrast Essay 231 CHAPTER REVIEW 275 viii Contents Part 3 Edit Run-Ons 354 Special College CHAPTER REVIEW AND TEST 356 Writing Projects 277 24. Problems with Subject-Verb 19. Writing Summaries and Agreement: When Subjects Reports: Condensing and Verbs Don’t Match 360 Important Information 279 Understand What Subject-Verb Write a Summary 279 Agreement Is 360 Write a Report 284 Find and Correct Errors in Subject-Verb Agreement 362 CHAPTER REVIEW 287 Edit for Subject-Verb Agreement 374 CHAPTER REVIEW AND TEST 377 20. Writing the Research Essay: Using Outside Sources 25. Verb Tense: Using Verbs to in Your Writing 288 Express Different Times 380 Make a Schedule 288 Understand What Verb Tense Is 380 Choose a Topic 289 Practice Using Correct Verbs 381 Find Sources 290 Edit for Verb Problems 399 Evaluate Sources 294 CHAPTER REVIEW AND TEST 401 Avoid Plagiarism 296 Cite and Document Your Sources 300 SAMPLE STUDENT RESEARCH ESSAY 305 Part 5 Other Grammar Concerns 409 EDITING 26. Pronouns: Using Substitutes Part 4 for Nouns 411 The Four Most Serious Errors 309 Understand What Pronouns Are 411 Practice Using Pronouns Correctly 411 21. The Basic Sentence: Edit for Pronoun Use 428 An Overview 311 CHAPTER REVIEW AND TEST 430 The Four Most Serious Errors 311 The Parts of Speech 311 27. Adjectives and Adverbs: The Basic Sentence 313 Using Descriptive Words 434 CHAPTER REVIEW AND TEST 323 Understand What Adjectives and Adverbs Are 434 Practice Using Adjectives and 22. Fragments: Incomplete Adverbs Correctly 435 Sentences 325 Edit for Adjectives and Adverbs 441 Understand What Fragments Are 325 CHAPTER REVIEW AND TEST 442 Find and Correct Fragments 326 Edit for Fragments 336 28. Misplaced and Dangling CHAPTER REVIEW AND TEST 339 Modifi ers: Avoiding Confusing Descriptions 444 23. Run-Ons: Two Sentences Understand What Misplaced Joined Incorrectly 343 Modifi ers Are 444 Understand What Run-Ons Are 343 Practice Correcting Find and Correct Run-Ons 345 Misplaced Modifi ers 445