VOL. XXXII No. 5 WHOLE No. 167 WELCOME MADAM PRESIDENT Do You Collect Paper Money or Stocks & Bonds? /1 Jr! , ; : e • • • , V'. 3 4,11,11111,1CS TIIAT - MEM: 11,, !tr.,: 1,,,rgo IN TOE l'Itt,I.S111()" TIN IE °.°"13ZeGaar:iia :4*1[11U... T.E...D .,.0.S0t/e 1r-F12S.r .Ctvhiler AillE_R, /Cli.71A1I -1 2964:711:- 419' -TAWI•72= ********* -t********;;;;;********4***7;** -- - BUYING ALL U.S. R.M. Smythe & Co. Auctions PAPER MONEY & reach the most important collectors & dealers in U.S. & International Currency, STOCKS AND BONDS Coins, Stocks & Bonds, Autographs, Ex- onumia & related material. Call today or send for our free color brochure describing CALL OR WRITE the wide range of specialized and personal For Our Latest Price List services we offer. Of Stocks & Bonds! ********************************** R. M. SMYTH E BUYING ■Obsolete, Confederate, Colonial and Federal 26 Broadway TOLL FREE 800-622-1880 Currency Suite 271 ■Antique Stock & Bond Certificates New York, NY 10004-1701 NY 212-943-1880 ■Rare Autographs FAX: 212-908-4047 We will purchase your material outright i fyou EBTABLI[NO E desire. Call or write today. 4:Ait4) l4f,1t,4"1" Pcda MEMBER Paper Money Whole No. 167 Page 145 SOC I ET Y OF PAPER NIONEY COLLEC"FORS PAPER MONEY is published every other Official Bimonthly Publication of month beginning in January by The Society of Paper Money Collectors. Second class The Society of Paper Money Collectors, Inc. postage paid at Dover, DE 19901. Postmaster send address changes to: Bob Cochran, Secretary, P.O. Box 1085, Florissant, MO Vol. XXXI I No. 5 Whole No. 167 SEPT/OC1 1993 63031. ISSN 0031-1162 © Society of Paper Money Collectors, Inc., GENE HESSLER, Editor 1993. All rights reserved. Reproduction of P.O. Box 8147 any article, in whole or in part, without ex- press written permission, is prohibited. St. Louis, MO 63156 Individual copies of this issue of PAPER Manuscripts, not under consideration elsewhere, and publications MONEY are available from the Secretary for $2.75 each plus $1 postage. Five or more for review should be addressed to the Editor. Opinions expressed copies are sent postage free. by the authors are their own and do not necessarily reflect those of the SPMC or its staff. PAPER MONEY reserves the right to reject any copy. Manuscripts that are accepted will be published as soon as pos- ADVERTISING RATES sible. However, publication in a specific issue cannot be guaranteed. SPACE 1 TIME 3 TIMES 6 TIMES Outside Back Cover $152 $420 $825 IN THIS ISSUE Inside Front & BROWN BACKS: A CHEAP AND OPEN DESIGN Back Cover $145 $405 $798 Peter Huntoon 147 Full Page $140 $395 $775 THE BUCK STARTS HERE: A PRIMER FOR COLLECTORS Half-page $75 $200 $390 Gene Hessler 148 Quarter-page $38 $105 $198 SOME COUNTERFEITS OF THE CLIPPER SHIP AND Eighth-page $20 $55 $105 SAILOR CONFEDERATE NOTE Brent Hughes 149 To keep rates at a minimum, advertising must be prepaid in advance according to the above sched- HOW TO DISPLAY YOUR PRECIOUS NOTES ule. In exceptional cases where special artwork or Raphael Ellenbogen 153 extra typing are required, the advertiser will be no- THE FIRST AND LAST POSTAL NOTES 1883-1894 tified and billed extra for them accordingly. Charles Surasky 154 CHARLES SCHLECHTS MINERVA Rates are not commissionable. Proofs are not Gene Hessler 158 supplied. THE "SPURISCOPE" Bob Cochran 160 Deadline: Copy must be in the editorial office no SYNGRAPHIC VIGNETTES later than the 1st of the month preceding issue Robert Lloyd 165 (e.g., Feb. 1 for March/April issue). With advance BANK HAPPENINGS notice, camera-ready copy will be accepted up to Bob Cochran 165 three weeks later. Mechanical Requirements: Full page 42-57 picas; SOCIETY FEATURES half-page may be either vertical or horizontal in format. Single column width, 20 picas. Halftones NOTES FROM ALL OVER 166 acceptable, but not mats or stereos. Page position MEET YOUR CHARTER MEMBERS 166 may be requested but cannot be guaranteed. NEW LITERATURE 167 AWARDS AT MEMPHIS 169 Advertising copy shall be restricted to paper cur- AWARD WINNERS AT ANA 169 rency and allied numismatic material and publi- IN MEMORIAM 169 cations and accessories related thereto. SPMC does NEW MEMBERS 170 not guarantee advertisements but accepts copy in MONEY MART 170 good faith, reserving the right to reject objection- able material or edit any copy. SPMC assumes no financial responsibility for ON THE COVER: See page 166 for President Judith Murphy's first message to the typographical errors in advertisements, but agrees Society. to reprint that portion of an advertisement in which typographical error should occur upon prompt notification of such error. Inquiries concerning non-delivery of PAPER MONEY and for additional copies eAl.ll advertising copy and correspondence should of this issue contact the Secretary; the address is on the next page. \swivbe sent to the Editor. Page 146 Paper Money Whole No. 167 SOCIETY OF PAPER MONEY COLLECTORS BOARD OF GOVERNORS FRANK CLARK„ P.O. Box 117060, Carrollton, TX 75011 OFFICERS PRESIDENT CHARLES COLVER, 611 N. Banna Avenue, Covina, CA 91724 JUDITH MURPHY, P.O. Box 24056, Winston Salem, NC 27114 VICE-PRESIDENT MICHAEL CRABB, Jr., P.O. Box 17871, Memphis, TN 38187-0871 DEAN OAKES, Drawer 1456, Iowa City, IA 52240 SECRETARY ROBERT COCHRAN, P.O. Box 1085, Florissant, MO 63031 C. JOHN FERRERI, P.O. Box 33, Storrs, CT 06268 TREASURER TIM KYZIVAT, P.O. Box 803, LaGrange, IL 60525 MILTON R. FRIEDBERG, Suite 203, 30799 Pinetree Rd., Cleve- land, OH 44124 APPOINTEES GENE HESSLER, P.O. Box 8147, St. Louis, MO 63156 EDITOR GENE HESSLER, P.O. Box 8147, St. Louis, MO 63156 RON HORSTMAN, Box 2999, Leslie, MO 63056 MEMBERSHIP DIRECTOR RON HORSTMAN, Box 2999, Leslie, MO 63056 JOHN JACKSON, P.O. Box 4629, Warren, NJ 07059 WISMER BOOK PROJECT STEVEN K. WHITFIELD, 14092 W. 115th St., Olathe, KS 66062 ROBERT R. MOON, P.O. Box 81, Kinderhook, NY 12106 LEGAL COUNSEL ROBERT I. GALIETTE, 10 Wilcox Lane, Avon, Cl' 06001 LIBRARIAN WILLIAM F. MROSS, P.O. Box 21, Racine, WI 53401 WALTER FORTNER, P.O. Box 152, Terre Haute, IN 47808-0152 For information about borrowing books, write to the Librarian. STEPHEN TAYLOR, 70 West View Avenue, Dover, DE 19901 PAST-PRESIDENT AUSTIN M. SHEHEEN Jr., P.O. Box 428, Camden, SC 29020 WENDELL W. WOLKA, P.O. Box 569, Dublin, OH 43017 The Society of Paper Money Collectors was organized in Members of the ANA or other recognized numismatic so- 1961 and incorporated in 1964 as a non-profit organization cieties are eligible for membership. Other applicants should under the laws of the District of Columbia. It is affiliated be sponsored by an SMPC member or provide suitable with the American Numismatic Association. The annual references. meeting is held at the Memphis IPMS in June. DUES—Annual dues are $20. Members in Canada and Mex- ico should add $5 to cover additional postage; members MEMBERSHIP—REGULAR and LIFE. Applicants must be throughout the rest of the world add $10. Life membership, at least 18 years of age and of good moral character. JUN- payable in installments within one year, is $300. Members IOR. Applicants must be from 12 to 18 years of age and of who join the Society prior to Oct. 1st receive the magazines good moral character. Their application must be signed by already issued in the year in which they join. Members who a parent or guardian. They will be preceded by the letter "j". join after Oct. 1st will have their dues paid through Decem- This letter will be removed upon notification to the secre- ber of the following year. They will also receive, as a bonus, tary that the member has reached 18 years of age. Junior a copy of the magazine issued in November of the year in members are not eligible to hold office or vote. which they joined. • -1U7 INC. P.O. BOX 84 • NANUET, N.Y 10954 BUYING / SELLING • OBSOLETE CURRENCY, NATIONALS UNCUT SHEEEETS, PROOFS, S RIP BARRY WEXLER, Pres. Member: SPMC, PCDA, ANA, FUN, GENA, ASCC (914) 352-9077 Paper Money Whole No. 167 Page 147 BROWN BACKS A Cheap and Open Design by PETER HUNTOON You are probably quite proud of that Series of 1882 brown back that card the brown backs of the series of 1882, and to replace them you just spent too much of your hard earned money to hoard away. with backs of the design used on the series of 1875. The backs Here is a most interesting perspective from the past from a person very of the series of 1875 are printed in two colors, and consist of a close to the situation. green border of lathe-work and ornamental work, embracing denominational counters and the legend, and of an engraving January 11, 1888 of some appropriate subject from American history beautifully engraved and printed in black. The two colors afford a pleasing Hon. W. L. Trenholm contrast, while the two printings and the quality of the work Comptroller of the Currency furnish excellent protection against counterfeiting. In the backs of the series of 1882 the old borders have been retained, Sir: but the beautiful black vignettes have been dropped, and the I duly received your letter of the 10th ultimo requesting me space formerly occupied by them has been filled in with geo- to furnish you with the information which will enable you to metric lathe-work of a cheap and open design. This lathe-work lay before Congress an estimate of the cost of preparing new affords little protection against counterfeiting, inasmuch as it plates and currency of the series of 1882 for 796 national bank is cut directly on the bed-piece so as to print the dark lines, which are still entitled to receive notes of the series of 1875, and while, in order to insure the best protection from this class of stating that to print a fresh supply of currency for them about work, it should be reverse, so as to show the white lines. These 300,000 sheets of paper will be required, and also your letter of backs are printed in brown ink, and over the lathe-work the 20th ultimo in which you state that you think it will be safe covering the center of the plate the charter number of the bank to make my estimate for 1,149 new plates for these banks, and is printed in green ink from brass dies on an ordinary power that the estimate for the cost of these plates and 300,000 sheets press. The combination of the two printings is ugly in the ex- of paper and the printing of the same will be in addition to the treme. It does not furnish adequate security against counter- estimates for plates and printing submitted to Congress by me feiting, and it is greatly inferior to the backs of the series of 1875 for the current needs of the next fiscal year. which it replaced. I therefore earnestly urge that, if the neces- In reply I beg to say that a careful calculation shows that the sary appropriation can be obtained, the two plate printings of cost of preparing the additional number of face plates and of the old design be restored. If necessary, in order to distinguish printing the additional number of sheets of national currency the backs of the notes issued under this proposition from those of the series of 1882 mentioned by you will be $42,579.60, of the series of 1875, the color of the border may be changed which should be distributed among the three appropriations from green to some other appropriate color. To carry into affect for the support of this Bureau as follows: this suggestion would require for the next fiscal year an ap- Compensation of employees $26,329.10 propriation of $12,000 additional to that for which an estimate Plate printing 5,250.50 is submitted above, making a total appropriation of Materials and miscellaneous expenses 11,000.00 $54,579.60, distributed under the following heads: I beg to say, however, that if any steps are to be taken in the Compensation of employees $26,329.10 direction of making notes of all the national banks uniform in Plate printing 14,650.50 design, the most desirable course, in my opinion, will be to dis- Materials and miscellaneous expenses 13,600.00 Page 148 Paper Money Whole No. 167 The appropriation of this amount, in addition to that for We generally call bank notes and merchant scrip from this which estimates have already been submitted to Congress, period obsolete notes, or broken bank notes, since many of would not only provide for the additional plates and printing these banks went broke. However, the results of this disaster required to carry into effect your recommendation for doing has presented the collector with thousands of collecting possi- away with the distinction between the notes of the series of bilities. True, many of these notes are rare and might cost 1875 and those of the series of 1882, but would enable the Bu- hundreds of dollars. However, coins of equal rarity would com- reau to place two printings upon the backs of all national bank mand thousands of dollars. notes printed after the first of July next. From these notes you are only limited by your imagination I suggest, also, that whether or not any other change be made as to what and how you want to collect. Again, before you col- in the printing of the backs of the national currency, the coats- lect, take a look at the Standard Catalog of United States Obsolete of-arms of the several states and territories be omitted, and Bank Notes 1782-1866, by James A. Haxby. This four-volume replaced with a design uniform for all notes of the same work is expensive, about $200. However, you can suggest that denomination, no matter where the bank by which they are to your local library purchase it. be issued may be situated. The retention of these coats-of-arms If you are interested in one state only, you could purchase requires the preparation of separate back plates for each one of the books published by the Society of Paper Money Col- denomination, or combination of denominations, for each lectors. The number of states covered thus far is approaching state and territory in which there is a national bank; the 25. These books are now being sold by Classic Coins, P.O. Box keeping on hand of a stock of backs printed from each of these 95, Allen, MI 49227. plates, and the keeping of the accounts necessary to show the Introductory booklets, Collecting U.S. Obsolete Currency and state of these several stocks, without any compensation advan- The Wonderful World of Paper Money are available for $2 each tage to the banks or to the public. from the Professional Currency Dealers Association, P.O. Box Respectfully yours, 573, Milwaukee, WI 53201. These 32- and 48-page booklets will Edward 0. Graves give you plenty of ideas about collecting bank notes, including Chief of Bureau notes with topical subjects: Indians, trains, horses, ships, etc. Obsolete bank notes are collectible from 34 states. In the SOURCE OF LETTER: first column of this series two colonial notes from Maryland were mentioned. If you wanted to add to a Maryland collec- Bureau of Engraving and Printing, various dates, Correspondence to and tion, consider notes issued by the Allegany County Bank. Some from the Bureau of Engraving and Printing: U. S. National Archives, $1, $2, $5 and $10 notes, in excellent condition, will cost less Washington, DC. ■ than $25, half that amount if you are not particular about con- dition. The Starts Here A Primer for Collectors by GENE HESSLER OLONIAL currency as a collecting topic was discussed C in a previous issue of this journal; two notes from Maryland were mentioned. You probably already know that this first paper money experiment in early America The $2 note has an engraving of The Calmady Children by Sir ended in disaster. Due to inflation that accompanied and fol- Thomas Lawrence (1769-1830). This is just one example of lowed the American Revolution, colonial and Continental cur- many paintings that have been engraved for use on paper rency ultimately was worth a fraction of the original amount; money. Joseph P. Ourdan is credited with this engraving. This most of it became worthless. same engraving appears on at least 17 other obsolete bank A second paper money experiment took place in the 19th notes: a separate collecting challenge. Another inexpensive century with roots that began in the end of the 18th century. note that includes The Calmady Children in the design is the $3 Many of these note-issuing banks failed or, in order to retain note from the Beverly Bank in New Jersey. (See "The Calmady their privilege to issue notes, joined the National Banking Children" by David Ray Arnold, Jr. in the Nov./Dec. 1988 issue System in 1863. By 1866 this colorful period that created over of PAPER MONEY) 3,000 banks, which produced 30,000 or more varieties of notes, came to an end. (Continued on page 157) Paper Money Whole No. 167 Page 149 Some Counterfeits of the CLIPPER SHIP AND SAILOR CONFEDERATE NOTE by BRENT HUGHES A collector could spend a lifetime trying to find all of the more than two hundred varieties of the Criswell Type 18 $20 Confederate note. At this late date he would be un- likely to succeed. William West Bradbeer did a remarkable job in listing these varieties in his book Confederate and Southern State Currency (1915) which was carried forward into Criswell's Currency Series Volume 1 by the Criswell brothers Grover and Clarence in 1957. OYER & Ludwig of Richmond, Virginia and J.T. ment contractors were using. Their products are still around H Paterson of Columbia, SC printed a total of 2,366,486 today and can be detected only by tiny flaws that I will point of the Type 18 note in 1861 and 1862. This enormous out in the illustrations with this article. issue was encouraged by a desperate Treasury Department One exception was a crude woodcut apparently made by a trying to get a medium of exchange into the hands of the Northern newspaper which wanted to publish a rebel note as people. It is unfortunate that such a quantity was produced be- a souvenir for its readers. To accommodate its printing press, cause the note has little artistic merit. The clipper ship and the the newspaper had to convert the woodcut to an electrotype sailor at capstan are old vignettes with no particular sig- plate which became worthless after the newspaper was printed. nificance to the Confederacy. Charles Ludwig had them on The publisher would obviously be pleased if someone dropped hand and simply inserted them into the same layout of let- by the next day offering to buy the plate. With the plate in his tering that he used for his Type 13 $100, Type 14 $50 and, with possession, a counterfeiter could go to his local print shop and minor changes, on his Type 17 $20 note. In this way he was order as many copies as he wanted. Some printers took no able to produce more notes in less time and enhance his chances on being arrested, so they added an inscription to one profits. of the margins of the note stating that it was a "facsimile rebel As might be expected, a lot of mistakes were made in this note," knowing full well that a dishonest person could simply outpouring, including misspelled worlds, inverted letters and trim the inscription off with scissors. missing flourishes. Most varieties were created by the great Although the crude woodcut should have fooled no one, we number of plate letters and plate letter-number combinations know that it did because we find well-circulated "facsimiles" that were required to keep the serial numbers as low as pos- floating around even today. Some of the copies with inscrip- sible. A modern counterpart of this system is the one used by tion intact are also around today, much to the delight of col- some states for automobile license plates. lectors who treasure them. Compounding the problems of printing this note was a mili- The lithographed counterfeits have one thing in common— tary crisis in Richmond. Union forces were getting too close to they are all very well done. In fact the workmanship is so good the Confederate capital in early 1862 and nervous Treasury that some of them must have been made in England or Scot- officials decided to move the currency production facilities to land. The paper is excellent and the impressions are precise. It Columbia, SC. Secretary Memminger was astounded when he is not unusual today to see these notes being sold as genuine. found that Hoyer & Ludwig had no intentions of leaving Rich- The seller simply can't tell the difference. When I find such mond. Memminger was so angry that he vowed never to give notes I buy them if I need them for my collection because the Ludwig "another dime's worth of work" Hoyer & Ludwig sold counterfeits are much scarcer than the genuine. their Confederate government contracts to a Richmond jeweler Phillip Chase, in his book Confederate Treasury Notes (1947), named J.T. Paterson who moved to Columbia and continued and in subsequent articles in The Numismatist, described some production of Type 18. He added sixteen varieties of his own to of the Type 18 counterfeits. I now understand why he had Ludwig's vast number. Incidentally, Secretary Memminger difficulty, because the flaws in Type 18 copies are obscure. I cooled off later and continued to employer Hoyer & Ludwig on hope to make things easier by providing a detailed word various projects until March 1865, but he tried to keep it quiet. description of the genuine note, emphasizing those features With Type 18 notes all over the South it was inevitable that that counterfeiters had trouble with. These involve rigging lines counterfeiters would race to get their copies made. They did a and hull contours of the clipper ship plus facial features and superb job, using the same lithographic stones that the govern- clothing items of the sailor. Page 150 Paper Money Whole No. 167 • //:r. &%/didt/A /X4' "---- (/e/ 4-' ik.4''. IFIV)/// (A' ( AtY1/7' W/,'Pi,),g,', A∎ .. /.-. ..i' ' .' (aiV(O/W//!,' (%4-i-7i/?K'' /'4E/77 (3412 , , 42,,,,„,,, - -----7- ----„--- 740-4- Criswell Type 18—$20, September 2, 1861 issue. Clipper ship at center; sailor leaning on capstan at left; ornate "20" and 'XX" value medallion at right end. Printer's legend at bottom center—Hoyer & Ludwig or I.T. Paterson. THE GENUINE NOTE The ship has a full complement of sails with many rigging lines. There are two flags or pennants on the top of the foremast and one flag on the top of the mainmast. The deck line is curved and the hull is rendered in a closely spaced group of lines making it appear almost black. The waves are choppy and another ship can be seen astern. The sailor wears an unusual hat, has long hair and a full beard. His eye and lips are distinct. His left elbow rests on the capstan with his left hand raised as if pointing at the ship vignette at center. His right hand and forearm are resting on the capstan. His left foot rests on the base of the capstan while his right foot is on the deck. Behind him is a large wooden barrel in front of which is a bale of cotton. The end of the bale has what appears to be the letter "L" or the letters "LB", but these vary between stones and may be missing on some genuine notes. The value medallion at right has "XX" in which the bottom serifs are separated by a vertical line. In one variety this "XX" is inverted. The signatures are written, of course, in brown ink and the serial numbers are written in bright red ink. Some varieties have flourishes between "CONFEDERATE" and "STATES" at top center; others have no flourishes. The shading under the large lettering varies and should not be considered as an indication of spuriousness if it is light or dark. The paper used for these notes is of low to medium quality; some has an oily look about it. In many cases the paper used for the counterfeits is superior to the genuine, making me believe they were made in England where many fine paper mills existed. COUNTERFEIT NOTES This counterfeit was printed with an electrotype plate made directly from a woodcut. It is printed on excellent paper and is found with the "Fac-Simile Confederate Note inscription on a wide left margin or trimmed closely all around. The signatures of E.H. Smith for Register and John Ott for Treasurer were copied from a genuine note Paper Money Whole No. 167 Page 151 with plate letter/number A25 and a serial number somewhere between 20901 and 46800, according to the Thian Register. This note has a blank space for the serial number which could be written in if desired. This particular copy may appear with a printed serial number or even with written signatures and serial number. It was easy to remove data from an electrotype with a small chisel. Obvious flaws are the straight deck line on the ship at center, lower waves, one flag on the foremast, heavy shading lines and rigging and the typical crudeness inherent in woodcuts. , c.://,/: /4.■//7/:ei0,2' /,... ''' ---::- (14-44 .c0 ,Ac /'110 -9(//t/10 iinewie,Y9/ rAyxuarr ey,41,(-4e eld r4inms gie,w/eek/,A...., ".rills eaCEPT %);,,;‘,.." /'-,---,--- - 4..ahrt. 141:"34‘i- TWENTY DOLLARS 4i1Zeva la, — 4,,VA'A,11.41LA This is an excellent lithograph which is a quarter-inch wider vertically than the genuine note. The signatures are unusual in that they are totally fictitious. No "David E. Brown" or "Samuel Wilson" was ever employed by the Con- federate government to sign notes. The brown ink used looks good, as does the red ink used for the written serial numbers. The plate letters "B" look odd, as if they were put in after printing with a rubber stamp. No "B19" combination is listed as a variety in the genuine note list. Phillip Chase had one of these notes with fictitious signatures "S. White" and "James Scott" so the note may exist with any number of fake signatures. Perhaps a counterfeiter with a strange sense of humor created notes with signatures of all his friends (or enemies). The major flaw in this note is found in the face of the sailor which is too plain and without a lip line. The left hand is too wide and too light. There are differences in the shading along the top parts of the mainsails which are obvious when compared to the genuine note. 0'04/..4;a1(41 6 PAIIANT ,(21e EAxcLkp'iio)uis /k /int/ : 22-7// TWENTY DOLLARS Itrcialro2vD,Ta,./ The most obvious flaw in this counterfeit is the joined "XX" at lower right in which the tiny dividing line on the bottom serifs is absent. The deck line on the ship is straight rather than curved as on the genuine note and the wave caps are indistinct. There seem to be far too may flourishes under the words "CONFEDERATE" and "STATES" and the six flour- ishes to the left of "AMERICA" are too much alike. The sailor's face is too dark, almost obscuring the beard, and the top of the cotton bale is also too dark. There is a white gap in the shading next to the capstan above the cotton bale. Page 152 Paper Money Whole No. 167 The written signatures of R. Hill, Jr. and R.M. Payne were carefully traced from a genuine note, but the written serial number 75199 is too high. The Thian Register indicates that the genuine note with plate letter/number A26 and serial number 75199 was signed by E.H. Smith and T.C. Gale. Hill and Payne signed genuine notes with serial numbers from 70901 to 71100 in the 70,000-80,000 group. We can assume therefore that the counterfeiter incor- rectly believed that Hill and Payne had signed the entire 10,000 notes. — ----- (/////k:/ ,741: Y*7.r;:.t1A„.'-l:0,I'%AE, .',,I/.1V.4 7/.-(T://I/,. ,//'// i'/r ,..'.// (00, ',,1%,/'?f, /?//,‘/t//h(' 7, ,/"/ ;i.- 5-t, , „-,e 3,,G ... 4.., vi 3., ,-. 4 L(i). , f-0 t,,, O. .rt --, 'At!. . /". ?//,/( 7(.,4.,/-./,_,,9(,r, /7 ,,,/e?/.7iL2,7,, 1/—ff4:171-'.2 : , a i/i/1I P Fi Iat r1a...' 'b? l. -'r6 ' ///C /b1ah/ 1,7 N ,:f ,,.. 7;01 .4%/ .. e.: ..'. .1 ■ 44,;17. ,, 4, ,,---..- ..._. ,../e- - _ ...- NOZP 4.., \ ..- - -0 - \ Ps., . ,, '''' . W... ,.■ ..a. ---. -- N ,L A, il .. :7 ---"."- ''.'. % ' • ....■ 0. s .1-. ..4", / -.--.'.-.--. ..„- _._2,____, 0 --- ''1' ----',, , .--- >" kV1:4)1,/':(,5.4.44".,” 4, I /I/ / //4 (11—./ —7 7 —T WENTY DOLLARS fr' hY77( . i 1 /7 ill C 1 1 itOND,faejiy, 't" -' I ft • A f ,/ 7 g MO I i:. - ACIMAIV....,.. (17/1- '''/,."/..-/. Far Slircitr— Rebel....1dA, This is an outstanding counterfeit except that the signatures were printed. The maker added e words "Fac Simile Rebel Note" to the wide bottom margin from which it could and was easily trimmed off. The serial number space was left blank. Philip Chase lists this note as his #C2-131 and says that it is also found with written signatures. Chase points out flaws as the two rigging lines from foremast to bow being too heavy and the deck house being aft of the foremast. There is a different eye and lip rendering and a definite ear on the sailor and the shading on the barrel is too light. This counterfeit was printed on excellent paper with a hard surface which produced very fine lines throughout. The rendering of the sailor is outstanding with lines actually finer than on the genuine note. /eeitwi, ''1•4 tilf1.1>r This is the Chase #C2-131 counterfeit from which the margin inscription "Fac Simile Rebel Note" was trimmed and someone entered the serial number 73,303 in red ink. The note was then passed into circulation as genuine and circulated for some time before being detected. The word "Counterfeit" was then written vertically on both sides of the ship vignette in brown ink, apparently by an alert bank teller. Few records were kept in the shadowy world of the counterfeiter, so we know almost nothing about the people who did the engraving and printing of the notes, how many they made and if they passed them themselves or hired others to do it. What did they buy and from whom? If the notes could talk we could get some interesting answers, but as it is, we can only examine our notes and imagine what it was like in the hectic days of the Civil War. Sources Chase, Philip H. (1947). Confederate Treasury Notes, Philadelphia. Chase, Philip H., various articles in The Numismatist.