Palgrave Dictionary of Public Order Policing, Protest and Political Violence Palgrave Dictionary of Public Order Policing, Protest and Political Violence Peter Joyce Manchester Metropolitan University, UK and Neil Wain University of Cambridge, UK © Peter Joyce and Neil Wain 2014 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No portion of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, Saffron House, 6–10 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS. Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The authors have asserted their rights to be identified as the authors of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published 2014 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN Palgrave Macmillan in the UK is an imprint of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS. Palgrave Macmillan in the US is a division of St Martin’s Press LLC, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010. Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the above companies and has companies and representatives throughout the world. Palgrave® and Macmillan® are registered trademarks in the United States, the United Kingdom, Europe and other countries. ISBN 978-1-137-26975-1 ISBN 978-1-137-27008-5 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/9781137270085 This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. Logging, pulping and manufacturing processes are expected to conform to the environmental regulations of the country of origin. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Joyce, Peter. Palgrave dictionary of public order policing, protest and political violence / Peter Joyce, Manchester Metropolitan University, UK, Neil Wain, University of Cambridge, UK. pages cm Summary: “Events of protest and dissent have been the subject of much global debate and media attention. However, no one book has dealt with the wide range of protests nor with the terminology associated with the state and police response to it. This dictionary explores a variety of issues related to the policing of public order, protest and political violence providing a comprehensive overview of international protest since 1945. It defines the key terms associated with these activities and, through the use of a number of international case studies, it includes numerous examples of protest and dissent that have taken place across the world, and the groups and organisations which have utilized these forms of political expression.Written in an accessible style, each entry is accompanied by a list of sources and suggestions for further reading through which readers can extend their knowledge of each of the topics. This unique and in-depth resource will be an essential guide for scholars across Criminology, Criminal Justice, Policing, Political History and International Relations.”—Provided by publisher. ISBN 978–1–137–26975–1 (paperback) 1. Riot control—Dictionaries. 2. Crowd control—Dicitionaries. 3. Protest movements— Dictionaries. 4. Demonstrations—Dictionaries. 5. Police—Dictionaries. I. Wain, Neil. II. Title. HV8055.J69 2014 363.32'303—dc23 2014022917 Typeset by MPS Limited, Chennai, India. To our respective families Julie, Emmeline and Eleanor Joyce and Jane, Jessica, Hannah, Esther and Samuel Wain Contents List of Entries viii Preface xi About the Authors xiii Dictionary 1 Index 358 vii List of Entries Animal rights protest groups 1 Anti-globalisation 5 Anti-globalisation movement 8 Anti-globalisation/anti-capitalist protests (UK) 9 Anti-globalisation/anti-capitalist protests (worldwide) 12 Anti-National Security Agency protests (Germany) 2013 16 Arab Spring (Arab world) 2010 onwards 17 August riots (England) 2011 28 Austerity protests (worldwide) 2010–13 33 Banlieue riots (Paris) 2005 41 Battle of the Beanfield (Wiltshire, England) 1985 49 Battle of the Bogside (Derry, Northern Ireland) 1969 50 Bloody Sunday (or the Bogside Massacre) (Derry, Northern Ireland) 1972 56 Bradford riots (Manningham, Bradford) 1995 58 Broadwater Farm Estate riots (Haringey, London) 1985 64 Building workers’ strike (England and Wales) 1972 66 Burntollet Bridge (Derry, Northern Ireland) 1969 70 Chicago Democratic National Convention riot (Chicago) 1968 72 Civil disobedience 76 Copycat riots (England) 1981 80 Counterculture protest 84 Counter-terrorism 86 Dale Farm evictions (Essex, England) 2011 95 Demonstrations 98 Direct action 102 ‘Dirty protest’ (Northern Ireland) 1978–81 106 English Defence League 110 Environmental protest groups 112 Fracking protests 118 viii List of Entries ix Fuel crisis (Britain) 2000 121 G20 protests (London) 2009 126 Gdan´sk Shipyard protests (Gdan´sk, Poland) 1980–9 129 Greenham Common (Berkshire, England) 1981–2000 135 Grosvenor Square (London) 1968 137 Hactivism 140 Housing estate riots (England) 1991–2 142 Islamic terrorist groups 146 Kettling (containment) 154 Lewisham disorders (Lewisham, London) 1977 157 Live animal exports protests (England) 1994–5 160 Los Angeles riots (Los Angeles, California) 1992 163 Miners’ dispute (Britain) 1972 166 Miners’ dispute (Britain) 1973–4 168 Miners’ dispute (Britain) 1984–5 172 Monsanto protests (worldwide) 2013 177 Nationalist terrorist groups 180 News International dispute (Wapping, London) 1986 185 Northern Ireland: security policy during the ‘Troubles’ 187 Notting Hill carnival riot (Notting Hill, London) 1976 197 Northern England town riots (Bradford, Oldham and Burnley) 2001 199 Occupy movement 204 Paramilitary policing (England and Wales) 210 Peace movement 211 Political policing 216 Post-Arab Spring 225 Protest Liaison Officers (England and Wales) 237 Protest songs 239 Provisional IRA 242 Public disorder theories and models 250 Public order legislation (England and Wales) 256 Public order policing (England and Wales) 266 Public order policing (France) 276