Advances in Science, Technology & Innovation IEREK Interdisciplinary Series for Sustainable Development Mabrouk Boughdiri · Beatriz Bádenas · Paul Selden Etienne Jaillard · Peter Bengtson · Bruno R. C. Granier Editors Paleobiodiversity and Tectono-Sedimentary Records in the Mediterranean Tethys and Related Eastern Areas Proceedings of the 1st Springer Conference of the Arabian Journal of Geosciences (CAJG-1), Tunisia 2018 Advances in Science, Technology & Innovation IEREK Interdisciplinary Series for Sustainable Development Editorial Board Members Anna Laura Pisello Dean Hawkes Hocine Bougdah Federica Rosso Hassan Abdalla Sofia-Natalia Boemi Nabil Mohareb Saleh Mesbah Elkaffas Emmanuel Bozonnet Gloria Pignatta Yasser Mahgoub Luciano De Bonis Stella Kostopoulou Biswajeet Pradhan Md. Abdul Mannan Chaham Alalouch Iman O. Gawad Series Editor Mourad Amer Advances in Science, Technology & Innovation (ASTI) is a series of peer-reviewed books basedonthebeststudiesonemergingresearchthatredefinesexistingdisciplinaryboundaries in science, technology and innovation (STI) in order to develop integrated concepts for sustainabledevelopment.Theseriesismainlybasedonthebestresearchpapersfromvarious IEREK and other international conferences, and is intended to promote the creation and developmentofviablesolutionsforasustainablefutureandapositivesocietaltransformation withthehelpofintegratedandinnovativescience-basedapproaches.Offeringinterdisciplinary coverage,theseries presentsinnovativeapproachesandhighlightshow they canbestsupport both the economic and sustainable development for the welfare of all societies. In particular, the series includes conceptual and empirical contributions from different interrelated fields of science,technologyandinnovationthatfocusonprovidingpracticalsolutionstoensurefood, waterandenergysecurity.Italsopresentsnewcasestudiesofferingconcreteexamplesofhow to resolve sustainable urbanization and environmental issues. The series is addressed to professionals in research and teaching, consultancies and industry, and government and international organizations. Published in collaboration with IEREK, the ASTI series will acquaint readers with essential new studies in STI for sustainable development. More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/15883 Mabrouk Boughdiri (cid:129) Beatriz Bádenas Paul Selden (cid:129) Etienne Jaillard Peter Bengtson (cid:129) Bruno R. C. Granier Editors Paleobiodiversity and Tectono-Sedimentary Records in the Mediterranean Tethys and Related Eastern Areas Proceedings of the 1st Springer Conference of the Arabian Journal of Geosciences (CAJG-1), Tunisia 2018 123 Editors MabroukBoughdiri EtienneJaillard Faculty of Sciences ofBizerte University of Grenoble Alpes University of Carthage Grenoble,France Amilcar, Tunisia PeterBengtson Beatriz Bádenas Institute of Earth Sciences EarthScience Department Heidelberg University University of Zaragoza Heidelberg, Germany Zaragoza, Spain BrunoR. C. Granier PaulSelden University of Bretagne Occidentale University of Kansas Brest, France Lawrence, KS,USA ISSN 2522-8714 ISSN 2522-8722 (electronic) Advances in Science, Technology &Innovation IEREK Interdisciplinary Series for Sustainable Development ISBN978-3-030-01451-3 ISBN978-3-030-01452-0 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01452-0 LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2018958939 ©SpringerNatureSwitzerlandAG2019 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpartofthematerialis concerned,specificallytherightsoftranslation,reprinting,reuseofillustrations,recitation,broadcasting,reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilarmethodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped. 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ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbytheregisteredcompanySpringerNatureSwitzerlandAG Theregisteredcompanyaddressis:Gewerbestrasse11,6330Cham,Switzerland Preface TheAustriangeologistEduardSuess(1831–1914)consideredtheTethysOceanasconnecting easternandsouthernAsiawiththeMiddleEastandEuropethroughtheHimalayas.Itpersisted frommid-Permian andvanishedinthePaleoceneandwasanepicontinentalsea,transgressed andregressedfrequently,coveringnorthernIndiatosouthernSiberia,fromthepresentPacific coastal area to Italy. At least since the earliest Mesozoic, the Tethys and its shallow marine marginsoccupieddominantsurfacesoftheEarth.Theirevolutionimpliesmajoreventsinthe historyofourplanetastheTethysrepresented,mainly,oneofthemostimportantcomponents of the global climatic system. Through times, organisms adapted to resistant or precarious ecosystems and their diversity are preserved within various sedimentary rocks now incorpo- rated into mountain ranges issued from the Tethys. Paleontological and sedimentological studies supporting paleogeographic and paleoclimatic reconstructions are continuously evi- dencingvariouskeyeventsoftheTethysandEarthhistory.Paleobiogeographicdistributions, determined by multiple geographically disparate samples spanning their time range, allow precisebio-stratigraphyandlong-distanceinterregionalcorrelations.Considerationsofvarious sedimentary facies analyses and depositional environment reconstructions are required for paleogeographicinterpretationsandcross-checkinginteractionsbetweenthepaleoenvironment componentsandpossiblemitigatingdiscrepancies.MuchoftheevidencefortheTethyshistory ofenvironmentalchangehasbeenderivedfromdetailedgeologicalobservationsacrossNorth AfricaandtheMiddleEast,acrossEurope,andcentralandeasternAsia.Still,morefindingscan begleanedfromdrillingintothesedimentaryarchivesbeneaththepresentdayoceans. This proceedings volume is based on the best papers accepted for presentation during the 1stSpringerConferenceoftheArabianJournalofGeosciences(CAJG-1),Tunisia2018.The book offers new paleontological, biostratigraphic, and sedimentological studies by experi- enced researchers mainly from research institutes in the Mediterranean and Middle East region.Maintopicsinclude:palaeontology,biostratigraphy,sedimentology,paleoclimatology, and geomorphology. This volume gives new insights into paleobiodiversity and major bio- logical tools for biostratigraphy, patterns, mechanisms, and processes of Meso-Cenozoic sedimentation in the Mediterranean and Middle East. Included are case studies which par- ticularlyhighlightthemajorcontrollingfactorsofTethyanbiosphere-geosphereinteractionsas inferred from the Mediterranean and Middle East regions. Amilcar, Tunisia Mabrouk Boughdiri Zaragoza, Spain Beatriz Bádenas Lawrence, USA Paul Selden Grenoble, France Etienne Jaillard Heidelberg, Germany Peter Bengtson Brest, France Bruno R. C. Granier July 2018 v Acknowledgements Our appreciation is extended to the authors of the papers for their hard and diligent work in producing high-quality contributions. We would like to thank the reviewers of the papers for theirin-depthreviewsandgreateffortsinimprovingthequalityofthepapers.Also,thanksare extendedtoAmjadKallelwhosupervisedandhandledtheevaluationprocess,toSahbiMoalla who handled the submission and evaluation system for the ten conference proceedings vol- umes, and to the publishing staff of Springer headed by Nabil Khélifi, Senior Editor for their efforts and contributions in completing this conference proceedings volume. All the above-mentioned efforts were very important in making this book a success. vii About the 1st Springer Conference of the Arabian Journal of Geosciences (CAJG-1), Tunisia 2018 TheArabianJournalofGeosciences(AJG)isaSpringerjournalpublishingoriginalarticleson the entire range of Earth sciences in partnership with the Saudi Society for Geosciences. The journalfocuseson,butnotlimitedto,researchthemeswhichhaveregionalsignificancetothe MiddleEast,theEuro-Mediterranean,Africa,andAsia.Thejournalreceivesonaverage2000 submissions a year and accepts around 500 papers for publication in its 24 annual issues (acceptance rate 25%). It enjoys the participation of an editorial team of 100 international associate editors who generously help in evaluating and selecting the best papers. In 2008, Prof. Abdullah Al-Amri, in close partnership with Springer,founded the Arabian Journal of Geosciences (AJGS). In this year, the journal celebrates its tenth anniversary. On this occasion and to mark this event, the Founder and Editor-in-Chief of the AJGS Prof. Al-Amri organized in close collaboration with Springer the 1st Conference of the Arabian Journal of Geosciences (1st CAJG) in Hammamet, Tunisia, from November 12 to 15, 2018 (www.cajg.org). ix x Aboutthe1stSpringerConferenceoftheArabianJournalofGeosciences(CAJG-1),Tunisia2018 The conferencewas anoccasiontoendorse thejournal’slong-held reputation for bringing togetherleadingauthorsfromtheMiddleEast,theEuro-Mediterranean,Africa,andAsiawho work in the wide-ranging fields of Earth sciences. The conference covered all cross-cutting themes of Geosciences and focused principally on the following ten tracks: (cid:129) Track 1. Climate, paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental changes (cid:129) Track 2. Geoinformatics, remote sensing, geodesy (cid:129) Track 3. Geoenvironmental engineering, geomechanics and geotechnics, geohazards (cid:129) Track 4. Geography, geoecology, geoarcheology, geotourism (cid:129) Track 5. Geophysics, seismology (cid:129) Track 6. Hydrology, hydrogeology, hydrochemistry (cid:129) Track 7. Mineralogy, geochemistry, petrology and volcanology (cid:129) Track 8. Petroleum engineering and petroleum geochemistry (cid:129) Track 9. Sedimentology, stratigraphy, palaeontology, geomorphology, pedology (cid:129) Track 10. Structural/petroleum/mining geology, geodynamics, marine geology The dynamic four-day conference provided more than 450 attendees with opportunities to sharetheirlatestunpublishedfindingsandlearnthenewestgeosciencestudies.Theeventalso allowed attendees to meet and discuss with the journal’s editors and reviewers. Morethan950shortcontributingpaperstotheconferenceweresubmittedbyauthorsfrom more than 70 countries. After a pre-conference peer review process by more than 500 reviewers, 700 papers were accepted. These papers were published as chapters in the conference proceedings by Springer. The conference proceedings consist of ten edited volumes, each edited by the following group of Arabian Journal of Geosciences (AJGS) editors and other guest editors: Volume 1. Patterns and Mechanisms of Climate, Paleoclimate, and Paleoenvironmental Changes from Low-Latitude Regions Zhihua Zhang (AJGS Editor): Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China NabilKhélifi(AJGSEditor):EarthSciencesEditorialDepartment,Springer,Heidelberg,Germany Abdelkader Mezghani (Guest Editor): Norwegian Meteorological Institute, Norway Essam Heggy (Guest Editor): University of Southern California and Jet Propulsion Labora- tory, Caltech, USA Volume 2. Advances in Remote Sensing and Geo Informatics Applications Hesham M. El-Askary (Guest Editor): Schmid College of Science and Technology at Chap- man University, USA Saro Lee (AJGS Editor): Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, Daejeon, South Korea Essam Heggy (Guest Editor): University of Southern California and Jet Propulsion Labora- tory, Caltech, USA Biswajeet Pradhan (AJGS Editor): University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia Volume 3. Recent Advances in Geo-Environmental Engineering, Geomechanics and Geotechnics, and Geohazards Amjad Kallel (AJGS Editor): ENIS, University of Sfax, Tunisia Zeynal Abiddin Erguler (AJGS Editor): Dumlupinar University, Kutahya, Turkey Zhen-Dong Cui (AJGS Editor): China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China Ali Karrech (AJGS Editor): The University of Western Australia, Australia Murat Karakus (AJGS Editor): University of Adelaide, Australia Aboutthe1stSpringerConferenceoftheArabianJournalofGeosciences(CAJG-1),Tunisia2018 xi PinnaduwaKulatilake(AJGSEditor):DepartmentofMaterialsScienceandEngineering,The University of Arizona, USA SanjayKumarShukla(AJGSEditor):SchoolofEngineering,EdithCowanUniversity,Perth, Australia Volume 4. Exploring the Nexus of Geoecology, Geography, Geoarcheology and Geotourism:AdvancesandApplicationsforSustainableDevelopmentinEnvironmental Sciences and Agroforestry Research Haroun Chenchouni (AJGS Editor): University of Tebessa, Algeria Ezzoura Errami (Guest Editor): Chouaïb Doukkali University, El Jadida, Morocco Fernando Rocha (Guest Editor): University of Aveiro, Portugal Luisa Sabato (AJGS Editor): Università degli Studi di Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy Volume 5. On Significant Applications of Geophysical Methods Narasimman Sundararajan (AJGS Editor): Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman Mehdi Eshagh (AJGS Editor): University West, Trollhättan, Sweden Hakim Saibi (AJGS Editor): United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, Abu Dhabi, UAE Mustapha Meghraoui (AJGS Editor): Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France Mansour Al-Garni (AJGS Editor): King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia Bernard Giroux (AJGS Editor): Centre Eau Terre Environnement, Québec, Canada Volume 6. Advances in Sustainable and Environmental Hydrology, Hydrogeology, Hydrochemistry and Water Resources Helder I. Chaminé (AJGS Editor): School of Engineering (ISEP), Polytechnic of Porto, Portugal Maurizio Barbieri (AJGS Editor): University of Rome La Sapienza, Italy Ozgur Kisi (AJGS Editor): Ilia State University, Tbilisi, Georgia Mingjie Chen (AJGS Editor): Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman Broder J. Merkel (AJGS Editor): TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Freiberg, Germany Volume 7. Petrogenesis and Exploration of the Earth’s Interior Domenico Doronzo (AJGS Editor): Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Spain Emanuela Schingaro (AJGS Editor): Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro–UniBa, Italy John S. Armstrong-Altrin (AJGS Editor): The National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico Basem Zoheir (Guest Editor): Benha University, Egypt and University of Kiel, Germany Volume 8. Advances in Petroleum Engineering and Petroleum Geochemistry Santanu Banerjee (AJGS Editor): Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India Reza Barati (AJGS Editor): The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA Shirish Patil (Guest Editor): Saudi Aramco and King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia Volume 9. Paleobiodiversity and Tectono-Sedimentary Records in the Mediterranean Tethys and Related Eastern Areas Mabrouk Boughdiri (AJGS Editor): University of Carthage, Amilcar, Tunisia Beatriz Bádenas (AJGS Editor): University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain Paul Selden (AJGS Editor): University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA Etienne Jaillard (Guest Editor): University of Grenoble Alpes, France Peter Bengtson (AJGS Editor): University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany Bruno R. C. Granier (AJGS Editor): University of Bretagne Occidentale, Brest, France