Insight and Innovation in International Development Edited by International Development Research Centre Ottawa, Ontario, Canada For furthervolumes: http://www.springer.com/series/8850 Elias T. Ayuk (cid:129) Samuel T. Kabore´ Editors Wealth Through Integration Regional Integration and Poverty-Reduction Strategies in West Africa InternationalDevelopmentResearchCentre Ottawa l Caire l Dakar l Montevideo l Nairobi l NewDelhi l Singapore Editors EliasT.Ayuk SamuelT.Kabore´ UnitedNationsUniversity UniversityofOuagadougou InstituteforNatural BoulevardCharlesdeGaulle ResourcesinAfrica Ouagadougou,BurkinaFaso Accra,Ghana OriginallypublishedinFrenchasAyuk,EliasT.andKabore´,SamuelT.(Re´d.),S’inte´grer pours’enrichir,Springer,2012,ISBN978-1-4614-1233-5. Acopublicationwiththe InternationalDevelopmentResearchCentre POBox8500 Ottawa,ON,CanadaK1G3H9 [email protected]/www.idrc.ca ISBN978-1-55250-544-1(e-book) ISBN978-1-4614-4414-5 ISBN978-1-4614-4415-2(eBook) DOI10.1007/978-1-4614-4415-2 SpringerNewYorkHeidelbergDordrechtLondon LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2012944175 #InternationalDevelopmentResearchCentre2013 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpartof the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation,broadcasting,reproductiononmicrofilmsorinanyotherphysicalway,andtransmissionor informationstorageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilar methodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped.Exemptedfromthislegalreservationarebriefexcerpts inconnectionwithreviewsorscholarlyanalysisormaterialsuppliedspecificallyforthepurposeofbeing enteredandexecutedonacomputersystem,forexclusiveusebythepurchaserofthework.Duplication ofthispublicationorpartsthereofispermittedonlyundertheprovisionsoftheCopyrightLawofthe Publisher’s location, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer.PermissionsforusemaybeobtainedthroughRightsLinkattheCopyrightClearanceCenter. 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Printedonacid-freepaper SpringerispartofSpringerScience+BusinessMedia(www.springer.com) Contents 1 Introduction:WhyIntegrate?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 EliasT.AyukandSamuelT.Kabore´ PartI EconomicConvergenceandFightingPoverty 2 FifteenYearsofWAEMU:ResultsandStrategies fortheFuture. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 DierySeck 3 GrowthandConvergenceinAfrica:ADynamic PanelApproach. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 PierreJoubertNguetseTegoum,PascalNakelse,andRolandNgwesse 4 HasThereBeenRealandStructuralConvergence inWAEMUCountries?. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 69 NacissePalissyChassem 5 TheImpactoftheConvergence,StabilityandGrowth PactintheWAEMU. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 AdamaCombeyandKomlaMally 6 RealConvergenceintheWAEMUArea:ABayesianAnalysis. . . . 111 ClaudeWettaandAntoineYerbanga 7 TheEffectsofCreditConstraintsonEconomicConvergence: TheCaseoftheWAEMUCountries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131 AbdoulayeDiagneandAbdou-AzizNiang 8 FreeMovementofGoodsinWAEMUandtheEuropean Union:CommunityLawaComparativeStudyfrom thePerspectiveofTrade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 OusmaneBougouma v vi Contents PartII RegionalFinancingInstrumentsandFightingPoverty 9 TheRoleofCashTransfersfromMigrantsinPromoting theFinancingofEconomicDevelopment inWAEMUCountries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171 AmethSaloumNdiaye 10 EfficiencyofCreditThatTargetsthePoor:Measures andApplicationofAgriculturalCreditinBurkinaFaso. . . . . . . . . 189 SamuelTambiKabore´ 11 PerformanceandEffectivenessoftheDecentralised FinancialSystemandPovertyReductioninNiger. . . . . . . . . . . . . 211 InsaAbaryNoufou 12 FinancingAgricultureandtheFoodCrisisinAfrica: WhatRoleCanMicrofinancePlay?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227 SandraKendo 13 CommonExternalTariff(CET)andTargeting thePoorinMali. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247 MassaCoulibalyandBallaKeita 14 HowDoesCommunicationEnrichIntegrationPolicies. . . . . . . . . . 267 AhmedBarry,AugustinNiango,andKathrynToure´ 15 ConclusionsandProspects:CreatingWealth throughIntegration.. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. 287 EliasT.AyukandSamuelT.Kabore´ Index. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295 Acknowledgements Thechaptersfoundinthisbookresultfromaregional conferencethatwasjointly funded by the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA), the Interna- tional Development Research Centre (IDRC) and the West Africa Economic and MonetaryUnion(WAEMU).TheUniversityofOuagadougou’sInstitutSupe´rieur des Sciences de la Population (ISSP), a WAEMU centre of excellence, organised the conference in collaboration with the WAEMU Commission and the IDRC. A scientific committee led the competitive selection process for papers, while an organising committee handled organisational tasks. The members of these two committees are listed below. The editors would like to express their sincere gratitudetoallthesepeopleandinstitutionsfortheirvitalcontributions. vii About the Authors Elias T. Ayuk is director of the United Nations University’ Institute for Natural Resources in Africa (UNU-INRA) based in Accra, Ghana. At the time this work was carried out, he was senior programme specialist at the regional office of the InternationalDevelopmentResearchCentre(IDRC)inDakar,Senegal. Newton Ahmed Barry is a specialised investigative journalist. After a decade hostingtheeveningnewsonnationaltelevisioninBurkina,in2001,heco-founded thenewspaperL’Eve´nement,oneofBurkinaFaso’swidelyreadnewspapers. Ousmane Bougouma is a doctoral candidate at the University of Rouen and UFR/SJP (Research and Training Centre in Law and Political Sciences) at the University of Ouagadougou. He is also a part-time lecturer at the University of Ouagadougou (responsible for tutorials) and an auditor with the CFA-Afrique agency(alegalandfiscalconsultingagency). NacisseP.T.Chassemisastatisticianandaneconomist.Heteacheseconometrics attheInstituteforStatisticsandAppliedEconomics(ISSEA),locatedinYaounde´, Cameroon.HeisalsoanadvisorattheCameroonMinistryofEconomy,Planning andRegionalDevelopment. Adama Combey is an economist at the Centre for study, research and training in EconomicsandManagementoftheUniversityofLome´,Togo. Massa Coulibaly is professor of econometrics and research methodology at the University of Bamako. He is also a researcher at the Groupe de Recherche en EconomieApplique´eetThe´orique(GREAT),ofwhichheisexecutivedirector. Abdoulaye Diagne is a tenured professor at the Faculty of Economics and Man- agementattheCheikhAntaDiopUniversity(UCAD)anddirectoroftheConsor- tium pour la Recherche E´conomique et Sociale (CRES) in Dakar. He runs the AfricadepartmentofthePovertyandEconomicPolicy(PEP)researchnetwork. ix