Expanding vocabulary for academic success Oxford DICTIONARY ee) AR Oxford AMERICAN DICTIONARY picky VOCABULARY BUILDER Keith Folse OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS Great Clarendon Street, Oxford 0x2 6DP Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. 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(puppy/Ingram), 3 (racket/Photodisc), 5 (autumn/Digital Vision), 6 (ice skates, rollerblades, rollerskates, skateboard, tractor-trailer] Hemera Technologies Inc.), 7 (saucepan/Dorling Kindersley RF), 8 (woman in office/ Blend Images), 9 (party/Blend Images), 10 (shop/image100), 11 (snake/ Photodisc), 12 (parking/Photodisc), 13 (bookshop/Blend Images), 14 (x-ray/ Photodisc), 15 (UFO/Photodisc), 15 (Doctor/Digital Vision), 15 (Mount Fuji/ Photodisc), 15 (internet/1Apix), 16 (woman in coat/Photodisc), 17 (Winter Palace/Photodisc), 18 (world/Graphi-Ogre), 20 (restaurant/Good Shoot), 21 (alarm clock/Photodisc), 23 (shuttle launch/Photodisc), 24 (dog/Photodisc), 25 (shadows/Photodisc), 26 (trolley/Photodisc), 27 (bear/Photodisc), 28 (gardening/Photodisc), 28 (watching TV/Comstock), 29 (human skeleton/ OUP), 31 (airplane/Photodisc), 32 (gym/Fuse), 33 (parrot/Corel), 36 (barber/ Photodisc), 37 (angle diagrams/Q2A Media), 37 (teacher/Digital Vision), 38 (butterfly/Ingram), 38 (pollen/Photodisc), 38 (fingerprint/Photodisc), 38 (fish/ Corel), 38 (fern/Corbis/Digital Stock), 39 (US flag/Image Farm), 41 (diving board/Photodisc), 41 (school bus driver/Stockbyte), 41 (oven cleaner/White), 41 (man/Image Source), 43 (sports coach/BananaStock), 43 (laundry/Polka Dot Images), 44 (woman/Image Source), 46 (ill man/Stockbyte), 47 (sushi/Amana Images Inc.), 48 (dinner/Blend Images), 49 (book/D. Hurst) iv Preface 1-6 ° Lessons 1-6 28-31 Lessons 28-31 Dictionary skills Informal language 7-11 Lessons 7-11 32-36 Lessons 32-36 Which word Collocations 12-15 Lessons 12-15 37-40 Lessons 37-40 Spelling Content areas 16-19 Lessons 16-19 41-45 Lessons 41-45 Pronunciation Oxford 3000 words 20-27 Lessons 20-27 46-50 Lessons 46-50 Parts of speech Academic Word List 51 Answer Key 56 Wordlist Vocabulary is perhaps the single most important and potential ELL errors, that the OAD is more component in learning a foreign language. than a traditional dictionary: it is in fact the perfect Research has shown a very strong correlation vocabulary book for ELLs. between vocabulary and reading, writing, speaking, As a person who has learned and taught and listening, and our learners certainly know several languages, I know that serious students that insufficient vocabulary can completely stop will welcome the opportunity to interact with the their English communication. Despite the obvious tremendous amount of useful vocabulary in this importance of vocabulary in mastering a new book. Teachers will appreciate the flexibility of language, many ESL and EFL programs still lack a the book’s organization in that the 50 lessons can systematic and effective approach to vocabulary be done in any order. The inclusion of an answer teaching or learning, in part because of the relative key within the book allows learners to check paucity of books offering explicit vocabulary their own answers, thus permitting independent practice for English language learners (ELLs). learning and allowing time in class for learners The Oxford American Dictionary Vocabulary to work on communicative and/or language Builder has been designed as a useful learning recycling activities. tool to increase learners’ vocabulary as they Acquiring a large vocabulary that will enable our interact with selected lexical information from the learners to comprehend the language around them new Oxford American Dictionary for Learners of is an extremely daunting task. Because there is so English. To this end, the OAD Vocabulary Builder much vocabulary to be learned, it is impossible for consists of 50 single-page lessons that practice key any one book or course to provide all the language vocabulary in the following areas: useful dictionary that is needed; therefore, the responsibility of skills, which word (words with similar spellings this important task must fall on our learners. or meanings), spelling, pronunciation, parts of One encounter with a word is rarely enough to speech, informal language (including idioms), learn the word, but it is often sufficient to raise collocations, content areas (i.e., math, science, learners’ consciousness of the word so that they social studies, sports), the Oxford 3000™ (a special are more likely to pay attention to the word when list of 3,000 essential vocabulary words), and they encounter it in listening or reading. To this the Academic Word List (570 essential academic end, the Oxford American Dictionary Vocabulary vocabulary words). Builder helps learners acquire a solid base of The OAD Vocabulary Builder accompanies the vocabulary while helping train them to be active new Oxford American Dictionary. All examples vocabulary seekers. in the OAD are based on actual language usage Keith Folse, Ph.D. from a corpus of more than 2 billion words, so the Professor, TESOL OAD is much more than a mere source of spelling University of Central Florida and meanings. This new dictionary is in fact so January 2011 rich with information about usage, including example sentences, collocations, word grammar, iv oya i ___ Locating words in your dictionary Dictionary skills Your Oxford American Dictionary lists all the words A. Alphabetical order using initial letters in alphabetical order by the first, or initial, letter of the Number these words from 1 to 12 to indicate the word. When all the words begin with the same initial order in which they are listed in your dictionary. letter, the first letter that is different determines the d fth eee neP eRS LC OAT STEL epperi nsonten erieee youthey anes Onionee) ata arrow ........ reward order Oo € words. es embarrass ....... Wrappin: g ........neat _....... Joy beach £/bit{/noun[C|(GEOGRAPHY)thepieceof = ii t PELOSI RENG ee) on fol bury land covered with sand or rocks next to the ocean: a nice sandy beach ¢t o lie on the beach ° ° . : bea-con /bikan/ noun [Cc] a fire or light ona hill, a B. Alphabetical order with words starting with the tower, or near the coast, which is used as a signal same first letter bead /bid/ noun [c] 1 asmall ball of wood, glass, or hs plastic with a hole in the middle for threading a Number these words from 1 to 12 to indicate the - istcrailngo nt hrhoisu gtho c2h eaa dd rop of liquid: There were beads of order i; n whic. h they are l, isted i. n your diacet ionary. bea-gle /‘bigl/ noun [c] asmall dog with short legs, liveeatlat 2. ccm, OWE sometimes used for hunting beak £/bik/noun[c]thehard,pointedpartofa sens feather - $iwOhrG hier organized bird’s mouth© See picture at animal. fact Siehit beak-er /‘biker/noun[C] (CHEMISTRY)aglasscon- ——i—‘“‘i ct ee re tainerw ith a flat DOOM, USeEdibySClENtStS tors flours |§ « © |] = eee old-fashioned pouring liquids beam" /bim/noun[c]1 alineoflight:thebeamofa MMMM arcs HOW ese e eee organize car’s headlights+ a laser beam 2 along piece of wood, metal, etc.thatisusedtosupportweight,for § $F 0 eeetsees fAUCEE je ee ae old example in the floor or ceiling of a building f ' beam2 /bim/ verb 1 [i] tosmile happily: Beaming “Mi A 0 ACIOLs beyi alw ins | ieee o’clock with pleasure, she stepped forward to receive her prize. fork OK 2 [I] tosend outlightand warmth: Thesunbeamed , Vs sgRRSRMMM Ew down on them. 3 [T] to broadcast a signal: The program was beamed live by satellite to many different “MMe fasten once countries, factory’. “es- Jeeta onion eee floor ie OCt See form wee ONLiNe What are guide words? In the dictionary you can see at the top of each double-page spread the first and last word on those two pages. These guide words help you locate the words more quickly. C. Using guide words Locate each of these words in your dictionary and copy the guide words from the double-page spread where you found the word. 1. guilty 5, seek 2. phase Gs TeMOtesencs eae PS > ieeee S SACOV Sy hoc ol op deci cst) oe ee ee hs GOR ey ek ord oe ceeepee te at 8 CaP ic a ie Beetns , NN ool =a kS ale eae ee ee ROE BePUNE Oh o ors. 8. Upset .ceeaoen aata CD AG TD I occ D. Timed word search Work in small groups. Take turns saying one word from the dictionary. See who can find the word and then tell the guide words associated with that word the most quickly. E. New words All of the words in this lesson are from the Oxford 3000 list of keywords. Write down any new words and then look up their definitions. DICTIONARY SKILLS LESSON 14 1 Understanding an entry Dictionary skills To find out more about the information in the Oxford American Dictionary, look at the Guide to the Dictionary on pp. vii-ix. A. Look at these two entries from your Oxford American Dictionary. Os oo 8 m ; update its [usuall ; two or more numbers together: The sum of two mairvideas of what someone has said or written: to and five is seven. he main points of an argument > Look at the Now match the numbered parts of the dictionary text with ten of the fourteen different types of information listed below. a. Numbers on words with the same spelling but h. Different meanings of a word different parts of speech i. A link to a related term b. Part of speech — noun, verb, etc. j. Example sentence showing how the word c. An important word belonging to the Oxford 3000 is used d. An item from the Academic Word List of vocabulary k. Help with using the word in particular used a lot in textbooks and lectures situations — informal, formal, etc. e. Pronunciation l. An idiom using the word f. A particular subject area where the word or m. Forms of a word - parts of the verb, plurals meaning is used of nouns, etc. g. Grammar information — countable and uncountable n. A phrasal verb using the word nouns, etc. B. Doctor Dictionary See if you can help solve these problems. In each case, look up the word in bold print and give the answer to the problem. Then say which feature of the dictionary entry gave you the answer. You have to choose one of the features listed below. a. syllable dots _b. derivatives _ ¢, stress marks d. preposition used after a word e. opposites _ f. other ways of saying something _g. irregular plurals What’s the problem? pee What’s the answer? Where’s the answer? 1. | Do you say vegetable or vegetable? 2.| Is there an adjective formed from sugar? I want to say “a........ drink”. le 3.| Is there a less formal way of talking about a dormitory? 4. | What’s wrong with “Listen what she says”? Re: 5. | My sister said something that was not very kind — so was it non-kind, inkind, unkind or something else? 6. | “Baked potato” is correct, so I guess “mashed potatos” is OK, isn’t it? 7.| How do I divide the word “tomorrow” into syllables? a LESSON 2. DICTIONARY SKILLS Grammar information Dictionary skills Most people think of a dictionary as a source of meanings and spelling, but your Oxford American Dictionary also has information about the grammar of words. Countable/Un /Uncountable Nouns advice £ /ad'vais/ noun [U] an opinion that you Most noun entries are marked with [C] or [U]. A countable noun has both give someone about what he/she should do: She a Si: ngular form and a plural form, and ir n the si5 ngular, i: t must have an ytoouo k shoemre doacdtvoirc’es. .a.d v#i cYeo ua nsdh oquulidt g semotk sionmg.e #l eLgeatl maed vigciev e article or determiner in front of it. An uncountable noun has no plural. sgnI EE gece ta tetas Gl AR Singular iP lural Nouns Advice is an uncountable noun, so we cannot say Some nouns are marked with [sing.] or [pl.] to show that they are always Be OF ene ee atrorair tae ( of advice anda lot of advice. followed by a singular verb (e.g. bloodstream) or a plural verb (e.g. police). Transitive/Intransitive Verbs Verb entries are marked with [T] or [I] to indicate whether they are transitive and have a direct object, or intransitive, without a direct object. Other grammar information includes usage (e.g. deafen is usually passive and deserve is not used in the continuous tenses) and placement (e.g. awake is not used before a noun). A. Use your dictionary to check whether the noun C. What is wrong with these sentences? Study the in bold is countable or uncountable. Put a or an entry for the bold words, identify the problem in front of it if it is countable, and nothing if it is and correct the sentences. - uncountable. 1 By providing”... shade, this tree provides. ............ protection for the delicate flowers at its base. ZASueCiS 20-3 ardent supporter of .......... new law that would ban smoking in all public places. 3. The police arrested the man for........... arson, but he said this is............ crime he didn’t commit. 4. Daniel’s father made............. fortune in the sale of Sei coaN 3 Egyptian cotton. TKevin loves tenniss HeisiaVids eee 5. It’s virtually impossible to repair .......... plastic cup if INAS small leak. 2. Mr. Kilgore gives us three or more homeworks 6. In that area of Europe, .......... castle is almost always OVELY) DIGIIE cet percocet ee este rage ne et darttylinte surrounded by ............ moat. 3. Your research paper received an F because it is Gevoidiin Origitval Writ eee ee re cai tcsesincenrs B. If the verb in bold is intransitive, choose the 4. My mom always says me to clean up my room. correct preposition that should follow. lf the VOL 1S _ sss sssvnssssnrnnessseeecenercnecnebnnntnnneaneesesioeaensssseetceipbavinapetpecntanbeernsenneanssvarcnsearatnneaney transitive, circle --- to indicate that no preposition 5. The police hounded to the suspect until he can follow it. CONFESSEE EONS CHIEN ee es at sicrrcnanne 1. In the movie, the main character murders (at, in, on, 6. That plan will definitely work. It’s sure-fire. ee)heruncle, 2 ettenrand rrcnnnr onnonnon 2. The team from Lincoln High walloped (by, in, with, 7. Jim has been paralegal in a law firm near my office ---) our school in the game. SIGE AIO OO Mae tere eae en ene en orto nctuniiutiieel: 3. When I leaned (by, for, on, ---) the freshly painted 8. Do you think these jeans are suiting me? wall, my shirt got paint ON it, nastunternnneanntenneennntennneunetnntetennncsunanssnnsanneuancecatesunteaneeuearemneeaunenuaneenaeegveeesneesuasennensittes 4. Everyone considered him to be rude because he 9. An amoeba is a very small alive creature. didn’t greet (at, for, to, ---) anyone in the MOrMing. wns 5. The students listened attentively (at, for, to, ---) 10. This bacteria causes disease in very hot climates. everything the teacher Said, etnias DICTIONARY SKILLS LESSON 3 3 Synonyms Dictionary skills A dictionary gives the meaning of thousands of words, but your slap! /slesp/ ver[b7 1 (slap-ping, slapped} 1 tohit . Oxford American Dictionary also contains information on words someone or something with the inside of your hand: She slapped him across the face. ¢ to slap that are similar in meaning to each other. someone on the back (= to congratulate him/her) SYN smack When there is‘only one, or sometimes two, words that have a similar ert Le meaning, your dictionary lists that word as a synonym with the symbol : smack a ree it]O ni ee Se SYN at the end of the defiSnaeitstt iceo n. In thies case, you should check the entry "smtahicnkge wdi thh imt heri gihnts iodne ftlhea th peaardt. oSYfNy ousrl ahpa nd: She of the synonym to compare meanings and usages. ; si , Your dictiota onary also li; sts words wit; h the opposit: e meanin: g (antonyms) "svleodwi- 'OwFi Utntdeedr asdeja np(iarbalec ieo thiqnukic qiuowiictkte d slow to | with the symbol anrT. i - . A. 1. Give the synonym of each of the following words. PE IOUEES NVI acannon eee HOEMICE (CGI 9 Pk scae eea erant ee ADUEY SOR arate etenecade came SGEOWSV te) Nr Mee Sn PGC MR ie Nee al cal ras Winb apaluatoeeteac e CMpNASIZ@: 8! a eee UCONN CRC eS 8 Rene uatinuntinaininnin O6C)FS lOXeU4 OrGINATY: = sei thatn eee ee De CARCSS RiesM e ee kekr an. ei EAE a co a Side aetna LO: FEPaAlEVErD tarts. tumble ea ar tietinso ndens ae ed 2. Give the antonym of each of the following words. SCRE CCN arate cg sti tafpeet eccas and hospitable 9h) gcse bideET n eC LOULV cata ae ahri d ne I eA PROCISe? 31) SSUES BR ci BURe ee BRON AICa Renata eee eee ta SANG Bae nee need ee ANSE ieeeee periabese owe eee, he ee Oeoe, eae are O“SaNtisOfact ion=:( —2 "* tess shSei ereet ee Your dictionary also has Thesaurus boxes, which list Answer the following questions. For help, study groups of words that have a similar meaning. These the Thesaurus box for the word shown at the end boxes contain sample sentences and word combinations of each sentence. that help differentiate the usage of these words. 1. Which is usually the largest — a property, a complex, or a Structure? oo building 2. Which sounds nicer — cheap or inexpensive? look Hci Sen nese trer a aE ER cee e cheap _ glance + gaze * stare ¢ glimpse * glare These are all words for an act of looking, when | 3. When talking to a friend, would you probably say, you turn your eyes in a particular direction. _ “I want to pick my own present”, or “I want to select _ look an act of looking at someone or something: Here, take a look at this. ¢ Do you want to have a MyOwn presentc = ee ee ee ae choose look around? glance a quick es She stole a glance ath er 4. If a restaurant serves lukewarm coffee, will watch. CUSTOMETSiapPLEClate Ita cold gaze along seany lookat someone or something : He felt embarrassed under her steady gaze. 5. To make a complaint about a dirty hotel room, stare a long look at someone or something, espe- cially in a way that is unfriendly or that shows would you say it was dusty, filthy, or grubby? surprise: She gave the officer a blank stare and shrugged her shoulders. SESSA a ace Ca OR ee es dirty glimpse a look at someone or something fora 6. Illness, condition, bug — which one is the least very short time, when you do not see the person or thing completely: He caught a glimpse of her SCTIOUS? rescinding Oe ee disease inthe crowd. glare along angry look at someone or something: 7. Which word is good to describe a freshly baked She gave her questioner a hostile glare. cake — moist, damp, drenched? PATTERNS = alook/glance at sb/sth MM ii Mic. Ran UR RE SOE. Pre his aped wet @ sat apreen etrating/piercing look/glance/gaze/ 8. What is the best classification of the scientific word @ along look/glance/stare “gravity” — a phrase, an idiom, or a term? w abrief look/glance/glimpse 4 LESSON 4 DICTIONARY SKILLS