WORKSHOGPU IDE TABLSEA WS AFETTYIP S . Usea safetyg uardw henevepro ssible. . Don ois tarta cut untilt heb ladeis run- r Uset her ipf enceo r them iterg augefo r Beforem akinga bevecl ut,c onfirmth at ninga t fulls peed. allc uttingo peraoi ns;n evear ttemptto theg uardw ill bec learo f theb lade. cutf reehand. . Beforeu singth es awe acht ime,i nspect . Do not leaveth e sawr unningw henr t is rtss afetyf eaturesM. akes uret herei s no . Beforeri ppn ga boarde, nsureth att he unattended. bindingo r misalignmeonft m ovingp arts. edgein c ontacwt itht her ipf enceis s mooth Don ot uset he sawu ntils uchp roblems andc ompleteslyt raighatn dt hatt hes ur o lf youa rei nterruptedc,o mpleteth e arec orrected. facea gainstth et ablei sf lat. I operatiounn derw ayb eforetu rningo ff thes awa ndl ookingu p, . Alwayfse edw oodi ntot hes awb lade o Standt o ones ideo f anyw orkpiecdeu r I againstth ed irectioonf blader otation. inga nyc uttingo peratiosno y ouw illn ot o Followth em anufacturerin'ss tructions be injuredin caseo f kickback. to changea ccessorieusn;p u gt hes aw . lvlakseu ret her ipf encei s locked I first.M akes uret hats awb ladesa ndc ut in positionb eforeri pping. r lf youh avet o reachp astt he blade, tersa res harpc, leana ndu ndamaged. makes uret o keepy ourh andsa t least I .Do notu set hem iterg augein combina- 3 inchesa wayfr omi t, o Beforec uttinga workpiecere, move tionw ttht her ipf encet o makea cul I anyl oosek notsfr omi t usinga hammer. excepwt hent heb laded oesn otc ut r Usea woodenst rckr, athetrh any our Inspecst alvagewdo odf or narlsa nd completetlyh roughth ew orkpiecesu, ch f ngerst,o clearw oods crapsfr omt he I screwsb eforec utting. asf or a dadoo r a groove. sawt able. I I HOWA TABLES AWB LADEG UARDAS SEMBLWY( )RKS I I I I I I t I I I I Protectinfgin gersa ndp reventinkgic kback Thes tandartda bles awb ladeg uarda ssembliyn cludesa bindingth e bladea ndt hrowintgh ew orkpiebcea ckto ward I pivotingc, lear-plastbicl adeg uardw, hichd efl ectsf lyingw ood theo peratowri thg reafto rceK. ickbaccka na lsor esulitf a work- chipsa ndr educetsh ec hanceth atf ingersw ills lipa ccidentally pieceja msb etweetnh eb ladea ndt her ipf enceF. urtheprr o- intot he bladeT. heg uardi sc onnectetdo a thinp ieceo f metal tectionfr omk ickbaciksp rovidebdy a metafli nge(ro r I knowna st hes plitteor r rivingk nife.A ttacheddi rectlyin line fingersc)a lleda na nti-kickbapcakw lw, hichn ormalrlyid eso n I with the blade,t he splitterk eepst he sawc ut-or kerf- thes urfacoef t hew orkpiecIen.t hee venot f kickbackth, e open.W ithoust ucha devicet,h e kerfm ayc losed uringa cut, fi ngedr igsin ,p reventitnhge w orkpiefcreo mf lyingb ack. I I t I I I I I I I I I OUTDOOR I FURNITURE I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I t I I I I t I I I I I I I I I THE ART OF WOODVVORKING I OLITDOOR I FURNITURE I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I TIME-LIFBEO OKS ALEXANDRIVAI,R GINIA I ST.R EMYP RESS t MONTREAL I I t I I t I THE ART OF WOODWORKING was produced by THECONSULTANTS I ST.REMYPRESS Craig Gilborn is the former director of the Adirondack I PUBLISHER KennethW inchester Museum in Blue Mountain Lake,N ewYork. He is alsoa builder PRESIDENT PierreL 6veilld of outdoorf urniturea nd authoro f AdirondackAndR ustic t Fumitur e, p:ubl.ishebdy Abrams. SeriesE ditor PierreH ome-Douglas SeriesA rt Director FrancineL emieux Giles Miller-Mead taught advancedc abinetmakinga t Montreal I SeniorE ditor Marc Cassini technicals choolsf or more than ten yearsA. nativeo f New Editor Andrew Jones Zealand,heh asw orked asa restorero fantique furniture I Art Directors Jean-PierreB ourgeoisS, olangeL aberge Designers HdldneD ion, fean-GuyD oiron, FrancoisD axhelet The Art of woodworking. Outdoor furniture. I PictureE ditor ChristopherJ ackson D. Cm. - Writers JohnD owling,A dam Van Sertima Inciudesi ndex. Co n t r ibu t ing I llu stra tor s GillesB eaucheminM, ichel Blais, ISBN0 -8094-9543-0 I RonaldD urepos,M ichaelS tockdale, l. Outdoorf urniture.2.F urniturem aking. JamesT h6rien 3. Gardeno rnamentsa nd furniture. I. Time-Life I Administrator NatalieW atanabe Books.I I. SeriesA: rt of Woodworking. ProductionM anager MichelleT urbide TTI97.5.09A78 1995 Coordinator Dominique Gagn6 684.1'8-dc20 95-35782 I SystemC oordinator Eric Beaulieu CIP Photographer RobertC hartier Indexer ChristineM . Jacobs I For information about any Time-Life book, pleasec all I -800-621-70 26,o r write: ReaderI nformation I Time-Life CustomerS ervice Time-LifeB ooksis a divisiono f TimeL ifeI nc. P.O.B oxC -32068 t Richmond,V irginia TIMELIFEINC. 2326r-2068 I President and CEO George Artandi @ 1996T ime-LifeB ooksI nc. All rights reserved. I TIME-LIFEBOOKS No part of this book may be reproducedi n any form or by any electronico r mechanicaml eans,i ncluding information Pu bl ishe r/ M ana g ing Ed ito r Neil Kagan storagea nd retrievald eviceso r systemsw, ithout prior writ- I ten permissionf rom the publisher,e xceptt hat brief passages Directoro f Marketing WellsP .S pence may be quoted for reviews. ConsubingEditor lohn R. Sullivan Secondp rinting 1999P. rintedi n U.S.A. 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Quality AssurancMe anager JamesK ing I I I I I I I I I I I CONTENTS 6 INTRODUCTION IO2 SWINGSAND GLIDERS 104 Anatomy of a porch swing L2 FACING THE ELEMENTS 106 Buildinga porch swing T4 A galleryo f outdoor II2 Anatomy of a glider base furniture designs II4 Buildinga gliderb ase L6 Selectingw ood 18 |oinery and hardware ll8 GARDENP ROJECTS 20 Finishing I20 Anatomy of an eight-sided planter 22 CHAIRS I2I Building an eight-sidedp lanter 24 Anatomy of an Adirondackc hair 126 Anatomy of a servingt rolley 26 Building an Adirondackc hair I27 Fashioninga servingt rolley 34 Anatomy of a curvedc hair 131 Anatomyo f a gardena rbor 36 Fashioninga curvedc hair I32 Building a gardena rbor 44 Anatomy of a loungec hair I4O GLOSSARY 46 Making a lounge chair I42 INDEX 54 BENCHES 56 Anatomy of a gardenb ench T44 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 58 Building a gardenb ench 64 Parkb ench 70 Anatomy of a treeb ench 72 Buitdinga treeb ench 78 TABLES 80 Patiot able 90 Foldingp icnic tablea ndb ench 92 Making a folding picnic table 98 Keyedt enon bench INTRODUCTION Iim Tolpino n LONG-LASTING FI.]RNITI-IRE 'm f goingt o do whatt o thatl ovelyc haira ndt ables et?W ell,I intendt o exposiet I to the directh eata ndu ltraviolerta yso f the sun.T henI 'll let it gets oakingw et, freezea,n dt hent hawo ut with blastso f warm,d ry air.A nd I'm goingt o allowt hist o happenn ot just once,b ut overa nd overa gainf or the nextt wo to threed ecades. Well,o f courseI am:I 'm buildinga pieceo f outdoorf urniture. Theq uestionis ,h owc anI possiblyb uild woodf urnituret o endures uchh orrif- ic abuseT?o find somea nswersI ,l ookedb ackt o thep rinciplesa ndp racticeosf the carriagea ndb oatb uilderso f thel astc enturyI.t was,a ftera ll,t hesetr adesmewn ho produceds omeo f them osth ighlys tresseadn ds evereleyx posed-nott o mention beautiful-structureksn ownt o man.Ift hesetr adesc ouldd o that,Iw asb ettingt hey couldb uild oneh ecko f a lawnc hair. \AhatI learnedb oiledd ownt o this:T hesec raftsmena skedm ucho f everyD rece of woodt hatw enti nto a shipo r carriageb,u t theyn evera skedm oret hat it could give-and theyd id all theyc ouldt o preserviets integrityT. heyc hosew oodst hat werei nherentlyro t-resistanbt,e ingc arefunl ot to includes apwoods,p litsp, itchp ock- ets,c ross-graino,r otherd efecttsh atm ightd iminishi ts strengtho r longevity. Theyc ut the exposedsh oulderos f jointsa t water-sheddinagn glesa nd applied beddingc ompoundsli ke pinet ar and Irish felt to the matings urfaces-strategies thath elpedp revenmt oisturefr om intruding,lingeringa,n dn ourishingw ood-eat- ingp arasiteTs.h eyd esignecdh annelsd,r ainh olesa, ndd amst hroughoutth es truc- ture to encouragwe atert o flow awayf rom the wood.T heya voidedfl at surfaces, bowingt het opso f horizontaal reaslik er ailsa ndb oxl idst o discouragpeu ddlingA. nd wheref astenerwse ren eeded(t hought heym inimizedt heiru sea sm ucha sp ossible by usingw oodw edgeas ndp ins),t heyc hosem etalsth at resisterdu sta ndw eren ot corrosivteo thew ood. WhileI don'ti ntendt o buildA mericaw hiles ittingi n my lawnf urniture( l don't evenin tendt o bea wake)I, d o wantt hef ruitso f my laborst o sele my familyf or many yearsT. ot hate ndI employm ucho f whatI havele arnedfr om theselo ng-gonetr ades- men.A nd, sof ar,t hat chaira ndt ableh aver emainedlo velyc, ontinuingt o do thej ob for whicht heyw erei ntended-whilel ivingh appilyo utdoors. A buildero f outdoofru rniturea ndb oatsJ,i m Tolpink alsoa uthor of severablo okfso r theT auntonP ressin, cludingB uildingT radi- tionalK tchenC abinetsH.e livesin PortT ownsendW, ashington. He iss hownh erein sideq tinker'sw agonth ath eb uilt 15y earsa go from douglas-fiar nd tongue-and-groopvien e. INTRODUCTION ThomasP hillipsd escribetsh e NATURAL BEAUTYOFWOOD f *ur activelyin volvedw ith repairinga ll mannero f campf urnishingws hena n I antiqued ealefrr iendc onvincemd et o makem yf irstc hairA. ftert akingt hep lunge, I spentth reey earsre searchinbge foreI attemptemd yf irstp ieceT. hatw as1 1y ears agoa, ndI stillh aveit : a splitp ost-and-runmgo del. NowI buildm ostly"twigf"u rnituret,h ek indw ith theb arks tillo n.T hev arious indigenouws oodsI workw ith providem ew ith colorf,o rm,a ndt exturea, llowinga n artisticf reedomo f expressiovnir tuallyu nlimitedb y straighlti nesO. riginallyth is worke volvetdo complemenmt yl ifestylea,n di t hass inceb ecomaev eryr ewarding sidelinep,r ovidinga businesasn dp ersonarel cognitiofna rb eyonda nythingI ever dreameodf . Workingw ith woodi n its naturasl tateis p articularlcyh allenginMg.u chp repa- rationa ndt houghtg oesin to everyp ieceI build.A thoroughk nowledgoef thew ood I intendt o workw ith is a mustA. sa ne xampleif, I wantt o haven aturabl arko n a projectt,h enI amr estrictetdo harvestinmg ym aterialdsu ringa fewm onthsin the colds easonA.l so,t oolst o workw oodi n its naturasl tatea ren ot readilya vailable. Moreo ftent hann ot, figuringo ut howt o do somethingta keslo ngert hana ctually doingit . Oneo f myb iggesptr oblemiss s torageA: s tasho f naturasl tockfo r chairsta kes up farm ores pacteh anm illedl imber. Thereis alwayss omed etailt hat challengemsy abilitiesa ndi ngenuityto execute it, whetheIr amw orkingw ith oneo f my ownd esignosr somethinIg'v er eceived from somea rchitecturafilr m. Oftenw henI ami n thef orestd uringm y dailya ctiv- itiesI find my eyec apturedb y a speciacl urves omes aplingh asg rowni nto anda pieceo f furniturew ill takef orm,p ieceb yp iecein, mym ind.I cano ftens eeth ef in- ishedp roducbt eforeI evenh arvestth eu niquef ormt hatc aughmt y eyeT. hen,it mayb e threew eels,s ometimeass m ucha sf ivey earsb, eforeth e materialsa red ry enoughto workw ith.I mayc onsidesru bsequednet signbs,u t I ofteng ob ackto the originaol neI sawT. hea ctuahl ands-own orkr equiredto maketh ep iecem ayt ake a fewh ourso r weeksb, ut wheni t's finishedi,t alwaylse avems ew ith a senseo f ful- fillmenta nda ccomplishmentet,m porarilyd rainedo f thea rtist'sc reativesp arka nd overwhelmebdy then aturalb eautyo f woodi tselfa ndt hew armthi t provides. ThomasP hillipsi s awoodsm anageirn Tupper Lake,N ew Yoil<w" hereh eh asb eenr estoring outdoora nd rusticf urnituref or neaily2 0y ears. t L I t I I