Out of Order! This page intentionally left blank Out of Order! Anthony Winkler and White West Indian Writing Kim Robinson-Walcott University of the West Indies Press Jamaica Barbados Trinidad and Tobago University of the West Indies Press 1A Aqueduct Flats Mona Kingston 7 Jamaica www.uwipress.com © 2006 by Kim Robinson-Walcott All rights reserved. Published 2006 10 09 08 07 06 5 4 3 2 1 Chapter 4 was originally published in Small Axe, no. 14 (September 2003): 93–110. We are grateful to Indiana University Press for permission to reproduce this article. Earlier versions of chapters 6 and 7 appeared in Sargasso 10 (2000): 25–37 and the Journal of West Indian Literature9, no. 2 (April 2001): 51–101. CATALOGUING IN PUBLICATION DATA Robinson-Walcott, Kim. Out of order: Anthony Winkler and white West Indian writing / Kim Robinson-Walcott. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references. ISBN: 976-640-172-1 1. Winkler, Anthony, 1942– – Criticism and interpretation. 2. West Indian literature – History and criticism. 3. West Indian literature – White authors – History and criticism. I. Title. PR9265.9.W58Z63 2006 813.54 Cover illustration:Allan Zion, untitled (1999). Book and cover design by Robert Harris. Set in Adobe Garamond 11/14 x 27 Printed in the United States of America. For Bert, in his memory For Betty, in her honour For Tony, with respect For Miles and Sydne, with love This page intentionally left blank Contents Acknowledgements / ix Introduction / 1 Part 1 White West Indian Writers and Winkler Chapter 1 Winkler and West Indian Whiteness / 9 Chapter 2 Winkler and White West Indian Writing / 21 Chapter 3 Transcending the Planter Legacy / 46 Chapter 4 Claiming an Identity We Thought They Despised / 65 Part 2 Reading Anthony Winkler Chapter 5 Writing the Black Protagonist / 85 Chapter 6 Carnival Meets Dancehall / 111 Chapter 7 Searching for the Centre / 130 Notes / 169 Selected Bibliography / 192 Index / 201 This page intentionally left blank Acknowledgements WITHOUTTHEENCOURAGEMENT, full cooperation, respectful distancing and ultimately the friendship of Anthony Winkler, this book would not have been possible. I also deeply appreciate the support and friendship of his wife, Cathy. This book is a revised version of my PhD dissertation, “Locating Anthony Winkler” (University of the West Indies, Mona, 2001). Professor Mervyn Morris was my mentor long before he became my thesis supervisor. I thank him for his gentle but firm guidance, his perfectionism, and his generosity of spirit. The start of this journey was facilitated by Kingston Publishers (now LMH Publishing), where as editor I was introduced to Winkler and his works. I thank Mike Henry and his son Andrew for giving me the freedom to explore these works and to develop a close working relationship with Winkler. The journey was made easier by the financial support of the University of the West Indies which awarded me the Western Union Sir Frank Worrell Scholarship for Excellence. The assistance of Eppie Edwards of the National Library of Jamaica and the staff of the UWI Main Library, West Indies and Special Collections, was invaluable. The journey would not ix