Our New England Ancestors and their Descendants - 1620 1900 Historical, Genealogical, Biographical Compiled by Henry Vfhittemore Author of the Genealogical Guide to the Early Settlers of America and other works. New England Ancestral Publishing Co. New York, 1900 Preface. GREAT credit is due to the New England Society for its efforts to perpetuate and keep alive the memory of our New England ancestors ;but itis a duty equally incumbent on those of the present generation to preserve in permanent form for the use of pos­ terity the genealogical records and personal achievements of our ancestors, and to show what part each generation bore in the construction and defense of our Colonies and later of our American Eepublic. The design of the present work is to afford all who are so disposed to preserve inper­ manent form their line of ancestry as well as the personal achievements of their ancestors. As a foundation of the work an outline history of the Plymouth Colony is given together with four generations of the Bradford and Allied Families. Whether of Mayflower descent or not, every descendant of a New England family willbe entitled to representation in the work, and no pains willbe spared to make the record of each complete. Ample space willbe allowed those who are willing to bear their pro rata of the expense. Illustrations of old homesteads, family portraits and relics willform an important feature of this work. Each family record withallthe preceding matter willbe published as last as received, and parties may procure at a moderate price as many copies as they desire. Copyright, 1900. FORMATION OF THE PILGRIM COLONY. The movement which led to the formation of the Pilgrim Church began in the Manor House at Scrooby, about 1605-6, under the ministrations ofRichard Clyfton and John Rob­ inson, and in the winter of 1607-8 an unsuccessful attempt was made by the members to reach Holland from Boston, inLincolnshire. During the spring of 1608, they succeeded inmaking their escape and reached Amsterdam in safety. Among the names of those mentioned as being associated with William Bradford at this time or soon after were El­ der WilliamBrewster, William White, Isaac Allerton, Samuel Fuller, John Carver, Miles " Standish", Stephen Tracy and a few others. Davis in his Ancient Landmarks of Ply­ mouth says: "Itis fair to presume that the Pilgrim community in Leyden was made up of members representing allthe different classes of English life, outside of the circles of noble families, bound together by a common religious faith regardless of those differences ineducation and culture and social standing, which were insignificant indeed incompari­ son withtheir real bond ofunion. Itwas doubtless this disregard of social distinctions, forced on them by the necessities of their situation, which planted in their hearts that democratic seed, which at a later day germinated and grew in the soil of New England. Itwas the lifeoflabor, too,ledby them inHolland, whichhardened their hands for the duties and hardships of a lifein the wilderness, and which developed in their natures those capacities for practical, economical and thrifty work, without which their attempt at colonization would have been a failure." Departure for America. Bythe 11th ofJune everything was inreadiness. Those ofthe Leyden company who were going to New England had sold their estates, putting their money into the common stock; the agents of the company inEngland had hired the Speedwell of sixty tons, and sent her toDelfthaven, to convey thecolonists to Southampton, and the Mayflowerofone hundred and eighty tons, had been engaged "t o meet them at that place, and join her con­ sort for the voyage. "On the 31st of July says Bradford "they left the goodly and pleasant citie which had been their resting place near 12 years; but they knew they were pilgriines, and looked not much on those things, but liftup their eyes to the heaven, their dearest countrie and quieted their spirits." On or about the first of August 1620, they set sailinthe Speedwell fromDelfthaven, and on the 15thboth theMayflowerand Speed­ well, withone hundred and twenty passengers on board some of whom were for the first time joining the company, sailed from Southampton. On the 23rd they put into Dart­ mouth, with the Speedwell leaking, and on the 31st sailed again. Further disaster to the Speedwell obliged a return to Plymouth, where the Speedwell was abandoned, and eighteen passengers, including Robert Cushman, gave up the voyage. On the 16th of September, a final departure from Plymouth took place and on the 21st of November, 4 THE SIGNERS OF THE MAYFLOWER COMPACT AND THEIR DESCENDANTS. after a passage of sixty-six days, the Mayflower dropped anchor in Cape Cod harbor. " Like the down of the thistle they were wafted across the sea, and the seed they bore of popular government and religious freedom was planted on these western shores." On the eleventh day of December (old style), the exploring party of Pilgrims who had left their ship, the Mayflower, inCape Cod harbor, landed at Plymouth where they found " a place (as they supposed) fitt for the situation; at least it was ye best they could findand and ye season and their presente necessities made them glad to accept ofit. So they re­ turned to their shippe again withthisnews toyerest oftheirpeople, whichdidmuch com­ forte their harts." On the 26th ofDecember the Mayflower dropped her anchor in the harbor of Plymouth. Landing of the Pilgrims. (See Frontispiece.) When the Pilgrims landed at Plymouth they werenot.only outside ofthelimitsoftheir patent, on a territory of a company from which they had received no grant, but they had settled themselves where the natives of the soil might dispute their right of occupation. They exercised tact, wisdom and good judgment in their dealings with the natives and thus secured their friendship. "Bythe giftfrom Massasoit," says Davis, "the Pilgrims, without charter from the King, or patent from the Northern Virginia Company, obtained a foothold and possession, which under a charter or patent alone would have been usurpa­ tionand robbery." Apatent, however, was necessary toestablish their rightful claim, and the Mayflower carried the news to England of the place of their landing, as well as an application to the Northern Virginia Company, for a suitable grant. After the Pilgrims sailed from England, the Northern or Plymouth Company secured a new charter from the King, dated the sth of November 1620. The first civil act of the Pilgrims after their arrival in Cape Cod Harbor, was to draw " up a compact or combination," as itis called by Bradford, which was signed by the male members of the company, and became the foundation on which the structure of our " government has been built. Under date of Nov. 21st, Mourt's Relation states that this clay, before we came to harbour, observing some not well affected to unity and concord, but gave some appearances of faction, itwas thought good there should be an association and agreement, that we should combine together inone body, and to submit to such gov­ ernment and governor as we should, by common consent, agree to make and choose, and set our hands to this that follows, word ior word." THE MAYFLOWER COMPACT. On the 11th day of November, 1620 (old style), there was drawn on the lidof a chest on board of the Mayflower, at Cape-Codd, and signed by forty-one of the principal men of the first band ofPilgrims, a platform of governme"n t know"n as the Compact, and which gave to these people the claim of being the first Signers of this important instrument. The followingis the fulltext of the Compact: GOV. BEADFOBD HIS DESCENDANTS AND ALLIED FAMILIES. 5 IN YE NAME OF GOD, AMEN. We whofe names are underwritten, the loyal fubjects ofour dread fovereigne Lord, King James, by ye grace of Great Britaine, France and Ireland, King, de­ fender ofye faith,etc., having undertaken foryeglory ofGodandadvancement ofye Christian faith, and honour of our King and countrie, a voyage to plant yefirftColonie inyeNortherne parts ofViginia, doe by thefe prefents folemn­ ly,and mutualy, inye prefence of God, and ofone another, covenant and com­ bine ourfelves togeather into acivilbodypolitik for our better ordering and "prefervation and furtherance ofye end aforefaid, and by vertue hearof to en­ acte, conftitute and frame fuch juftand equal lawes, ordinances, conftittu­ tions and offices from time to time, as fhall be thought moft meete and con­ venient for ye generall good of ye Colonie, unto which we promife all due fub­ miffion. and obedience. Inwitnes whereof we have hereunder fubfcribed our names at Cape-Codd ye nofNovember, inye year ofyeraigne ofourfovereigne L/ord, KingJames ofEngland, France and Ireland, ye eighteenth, and of Scot­ land ye fiftie-fourth, Ano Dora, 1620. 1. John Carver. 15. Edward Tilley, 29. Degory Priest, 2. WilliamBradford, 16. John Tilley, 30. Thomas Williams, 3. Edward Winslow, 17. Francis Cooke, 31. Gilbert Winslow, 4. William Brewster, 18. Thomas Rogers, 32, Edmund Margeson, 5. Isaac Allerton, 19. Thomas Tinker, 33. Peteu Brown, 6. Myles Standish. 20. John Rigdale, 34. Richard Britteridge, 7. John Alden, 21. Edward Fuller. 35. George Soule, 8. Samuel Fuller, 22. John Turner, 36. Richard Clarke, 9. Christopher Martin, 23. Francis Eaton, 37. Richard Gardiner, 10. William Mullins, 24. James Chilton, 38. John Allerton, 11. William White, 25. John Crackston, 39. Thomas English, 12. Richard Warren, 26. John Bili.ington, 40. Edward Dotey. 13. John Howland, 27. Moses Fletcher, 41. Edward Lester. Stephen Hopkins, 28. John Goodman, 14. On the same day John Carver was confirmed in the officeof Governor. He had already been chosen Governor on board the Mayflower, and his confirmation was doubtless a mere form rendered necessary by the adoption "of a constitution of government under" which his officialduties were to be performed. In'the cabin of the Mayflower, then " says Davis, not only was the foundation stone of republican institutions on this contin­ ent laid, but the first New England town-meeting was held and the first elective officers chosen by the willof a majority." On the 27th of February thefirst recorded meeting on " land was held inthe common house for appointing military orders," and Miles Standish was chosen captain. THE BRADFORD FAMILY OF ENGLAND. The name of Bradford is derived from the Saxon Bradenford or Broad-ford and is very ancient. Two towns of considerable size in England are known by this name : one in Wiltshire, near Bath, the other in Yorkshire, near Leeds. One of the first martyrs who perished at the stake in "Bloody Queen Mary's" term 6 THE SIGNERS OP THE MAYFLOWER COMPACT AND THEIR DESCENDANTS. was John Bradford, prebend of St. Paul's, and a celebrated preacher. He was born at Manchester inLancashire about 1510 ;was committed to prison, Aug. 16, 1553, where he remained untilhis death. The following account is from Baker's Chronicle : " April24, 1557, Thomas Stafford second son of Lord Stafford, with two and tnirty per­ sons (English fugitives, set on by the French King), came from France with the intention of subverting the government of the detested Queen Mary. They attacked and took Scarborough Castle, inYorkshire, but were driven out and conquered withintwo days, by the Earl of Westmoreland. Stafford was beheaded on Tower Hill,May 28, 1557, and the next day Bradford and two other of his associates were executed at Tyburn. The early, energetic, and persevering opposition to sacridotal in­ tolerance exhibited by Governor Bradford, the founder of the New England family of this name, would seem to indicate him as a worthy descendant of the martyr's immediate family, and that he was so is rendered more probable from the fact that the town of Bradford, inYorkshire, Manchester, the birthplace of the martyr, and Austerfield where Gov. Bradford was born thirty-three years after the martyr's death, are allinthe North of England and near each other. — — The Bradford family have Arms Argent on a fesse sable three irabforb. stags' heads erased or. Crest A stag's head erased or. William Bradford (1) lived at Austerfield about 1575, at which time he and John Hanson were the only subsidiaries there ;Bradford being taxed on twenty shillings of land and Hanson at twenty shillings goods, annual value. He died in1596, leaving issue. 1. WilliamBradford (2) who married Alice, daughter of John Hanson. He died July 12th, 1591. This William was the father of Governor WilliamBradford. 2. Thomas Bradford, of whom no record appears except that he had a daughter Mar­ garet, baptized March 9, 1578. 3. Robert Bradford, baptized June 25, 1561, married Alice Wingate, Jan. 3, 1585. 4. Elizabeth Bradford, baptized July 16, 1570, married Janet Hill,Jan. 20, 1595. William Bradford (2) who married Alice Hanson, had : 1. Margaret, born March 3, 1585, died young 2. Alice,born Oct. 30, 1587. 3. William, the Pilgrim, born March, 1589. THE BRADFORD AND ALLIED FAMILIES OF AMERICA. 60V€Rtt0R Wl££lJim BRJIDJORD, son of William and Alice (Hanson) Bradford, was born in Austerfield, England, March, 1588. His father died in 1591, and the infant child was then received into the home of his grandfather the first William Bradford mentioned in this line.' After the death of the latter in 1596, he was adopted into the family of his uncle, Robert Bradford, who resided inthe little village of Scrooby, two miles from Aus­ terfield, and near the estate of the Brewsters. A church was established on the Scrooby DEPARTURE OF THE PILGRIMS.