CARÁTULA UNIVERSIDAD TÉCNICA DEL NORTE FACULTY OF ENGINEERING IN APPLIED SCIENCES TEXTILE ENGINEERING "FEASIBILITY STUDY FOR THE CREATION OF A LAUNDRY FOR GARMENTS MANUFACTURERS IN ATUNTAQUI CITY" SCIENTIFIC ARTICLE (ENGLISH) AUTHOR: OSCAR AGUSTIN CHAVEZ ESPAÑA ADVISOR: ING. DARWIN JOSE ESPARZA ENCALADA IBARRA – ECUADOR 2015 INTRODUCTION province of Imbabura, demonstrates the existence of unsatisfied demand in the The present research entitled "Feasibility market and researches about the study for the creation of a laundry for competition in the workplace, formation of garments manufacturers in Atuntaqui City" prices and levels of these, establishes was carried out according to the strategies plaza, product and promotion, in regulations imposed by the Technical other words, builds the marketing mix for University of the North and its the marketing of the products in Studio. presentation conforms to standards APA 6th Edition. The technical study, analyses the needs of human talent and material resources for the Theoretical framework, refers to research implementation of the project, designed to conducted by experts in the field and flow diagrams for the different processes published both in print media and on the that carry out the initiative in the most Internet, as well as observations and efficient way possible. experiences of the author in his The financial study, financially supports performance in the national textile the feasibility of the project through the industry, the chapter gives the bases to study of indicators normally used in continue the work in later chapters leading financial assessments. researcher on the path to follow. The chapter analysis of impacts, In the study of market, investigates the technically evaluates the impacts of social, need that has the population of product educational, business, using tools designed study, based on the current situation of the for this purpose and makes an overall canton Antonio Ante in relation to its assessment of the impact of the project. population, economic activities, levels of income. The final chapter, conclusions and recommendations, specifies the results of Market study, research on the demand and the study, defines its feasibility and based offer of trade centers of jeans in the on it makes suggestions. ii I THEORETICAL PART There are knitted warp knitting and knitted CHAPTER I by weft as Ribb, Interlock, Jersey. FABRICS WOVEN FABRICS Mass per unit area. Fabrics woven, tissue is resulting from the Commonly known as grammage, is an crossbreeding between two perpendicular important variable to control in a weaving sets of threads. The longitudinal series of of point, due largely to the knitwear are threads is called warp. The entire warp sold according to weight. width is the width of the fabric. The transverse series of threads is the plot, and DENIM FABRIC each element of this is called a pass. The classification of woven fabrics is given by the type of ligaments, which are determined on the basis of a square rapport, we have taffeta, Twill, Satin. Weight per Area of tissue Rolls of fabric Denim Usually called weight, this parameter expresses the amount of weight or mass Denim fabric takes its name from the place contained in a unit area of the tissue. It is where it had origin, the French city of usually expressed as grams per square Nîmes. It was initially used as cover of meter or ounces per square yard. From this carp, its application for making garments data, it is possible to determine the has origins in the final years of the 19th performance of a fabric, very important century, when Levi Strauss opened a local variable for the makers in San Francisco to sell tents to the miners. KNITTED FABRICS Composition of fibers Knitwear is obtained by the interweaving Denim fabric, the warp yarns are 100% of threads, this operation is called a cotton and are dyed with indigo, which is a knitting. superficial dyeing, which helps the fabric to leave white areas when we cause abrasion. Weft yarns od Denim can be made of cotton, polyester, lyocell; 1 unbleached, dyed or bleached, or can be CHAPTER II pre-dyed or white polyester yarns. Also DYEING OF GARMENTS used core spun yarn with elastane APTITUDE FOR DYEING Indigo Dyeing Raw fabric For this process, previously held a The condition of raw fabric, applies to sectional warping in which groups of newly-woven fabrics with natural yarns threads come together forming strings. mainly cotton, which preserved all its A group of strings (24 to 36 depending on original features as waxes, oils and plant the width of the fabric) are simultaneously remains. They are fabrics particularly subjected to dyeing, which is a process of rough and hard, dirty yellowish color, reduction - oxidation of indigo dye. which can repel water and dirt. Fabric suitable for dyeing APT is a term used to refer to the fabric (cotton usually) that has been treated to remove waxes and natural oils, residual seed and dirty yellow colour, known as raw material. In this way it gives hydrophility (not repels water) or aptitude to be dyeing. IMPORTANCE OF APT CLOTHS Garments manufacturers occasionally use Indigo Dyeing Machine garments that are not ready for dyeing. To reduce costs decide to use white fabrics, Weaving of denim not measure the risks. The white garments Denim is woven, also known as Jean or dyeing dark colors or media may be indigo. differences between pieces because each Usually are Twills of 4 (3/1) diagonal S or can come from a roll or lot different Z, but are also produced in Twills 3 (2/1), fabrics .The importance of fabrics suitable as well as Satin and Taffeta. for dyeing is making the process give the garment a value added measurable 2 parameters such as color uniformity, CHAPTER III reproducibility and robustness. Unique LAUNDRY PROCESS colors can be achieved with small batches, Laundry processes are those physico- even with special finishes. chemical procedures performed on the clothing to enhance the visual appearance PARAMETERS GARMENTS TO DYE and tactile denim, contributing to fabrics Fabric composition . various characteristics such as softness, good drape, wear or aging, all of the needs Generally fabrics made of cotton 100% are of the market and trying to convey the used to garments to dye, due to demand for design language trends by applying articles made from this fiber , and mainly different techniques to help generate lots most dyeing machines are atmospheric , ie, of versatility in producción. they are not high pressure and bath temperature that can reach is the boiling WET PROCESSES point of water under these conditions it is optimal dyeing cotton . Processes that need dyeing and washing Shrinks garments machines to its application, and The high temperatures at which the consequently hydraulic, electrical, garments are disclosed in dyeing processes pneumatic heat and even required, in and drying , exposure times more to the addition to defined processes pors same , causing the reduction measures of conditions. Examples: gumming , the fabric in its different dimensions. Smoothing , Siliconate , Stone Wash, Therefore, the garments must be tailored Discoloration, enzymatic or biochemical with a positive tolerance. Washing, Dirty , Frosteado , Tie Dye, Yarns for sewing Ozone , Acid wash . Yarns used in the different seams of garments, can be cotton APT to adopt in DRIED PROCESS the same color dyeing of the garment , or Complementary processes performed on polyester yarns prestained with color the garments. Usually develops them previously defined for the garment. manually using various techniques so they are popularly known as craft and performed at the beginning, the middle or end of a wet process , and materials like 3 sandpaper, brushes, sand, emery are used, solving aimed at , among many a human and other. need " . Brushing, Sandblasting, Grinding, Permanganate, Crackle, Destroyed, IMPORTANCE OF PROJECTS Whiskers, Resin, glitter effect , Laser, It is clear that investments are not made among others. just because someone wants something, or because he wants to produce an article, or because he thinks that will leave you money , you must then make a smart investment , and this requires a base to justify it , said base is a investment project well structured and evaluated to indicate the way forward . This leads to the need to Manualidades develop projects. BLEACH Bleaching is applied to remove impurities TYPES OF PROJECTS from the substrate and obtain a degree of There are different ways to classify white, dyed to prepare to homogenize light projects. Some considering its purpose, colors and tone unwanted variations. There others according to the time of its are two types of procedures , chemical and execution, or relating to production. optical bleaching . CHAPTER IV PROJECTS The term project relates to the idea or desire to do something , it is a temporary endeavor undertaken to create a product, service or result. There are many definitions , one of which states that the project " is seeking an intelligent solution to approach problem 4 STAGES OF PROJECT Evaluation Idealization of the project In a project evaluation provided The project idea is to establish the need or information for decision-making occurs, so opportunity from which it is possible to also it can be considered as aimed at design the project. improving the effectiveness of projects in Design relation to their end activity. Stage in which the options, methodologies and strategies to follow are valued, with NPV: NET PRESENT VALUE the main indicator to achieve the objective. The NPV is the algebraic sum of the project approval, which is usually done balances of the cash flow of a project after review of the project profile and discounted at a discount rate. From the feasibility studies occurs. point of view of financial analysis is the Execution present value of the stream of income It is the stage when the project goes into received by the company. production, beginning the revenue stream from the sale of the good or service results IRR: INTERNAL RATE OF RETURN of operations. Internal Rate of Return is the interest rate Market research at which the NPV is zero. If the IRR is In the study of market sales are estimated. high, this is a profitable business project if The first is to define the product or service, the IRR is low, we could possibly find then you should study the demand and another destination for our money. supply. The Technical Study The technical study defined: Where to locate the company. Where to get materials or raw materials. Machines to use. Personnel needed to carry out this project. It describes the process implemented. The Financial Study The important thing here is shown: The idea is profitable? To know you have three budgets: sales, investment, expenses. 5 PART II PRACTICE ANALYSIS OF DEMAND Current situation CHAPTER V Antonio Ante population was 43518 MARKET STUDY inhabitants in 2010 and its population The aim of this chapter is to determine the growth rate is 2.09%, therefore its commercial feasibility of the project. estimated 2015 population is 48260. Assuming a consumption rate of 3 items PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION per person annually, demand for jeans and A laundry garment processing offers clothing tinctured in Canton is 137,613 per readymade garments or process. year. MARKET SEGMENT People Demand Población Target using jeans The project will be located in the city of Total Market jeans garments (habitants) (habitants) Atuntaqui, canton of Antonio Ante, (%) (units) intended future be present throughout the 48260 95% 45871 137613 province of Imbabura, focuses the entire population because the clothes are Future demand situation processed in a laundry they can be used by anyone . Where: n = period searched OPERATIVE MECHANICS i = projected growth rate (2.09 %) They were defined as parameters to investigate the demand for jeans and Projected demand garments tinctured in Canton Antonio (clothing / year) Ante and the feasibility of companies 152000 150000 engaged in the manufacture can produce. 148000 They interviewed residents of Canton to 146000 144000 determine the demand for clothing, besides 142000 clothing manufacturers were interviewed 140000 138000 to determine the demand for the service, 136000 and merchants to meet the current offer. 2014 2016 2018 2020 6 ANALYSIS OF SUPPLY DEMAND UNMET It is appreciated that the unmet demand for Current situation 2015 is 74013 jeans clothes , which In Antonio Ante there are 12 shops corresponds to 53.78 % from the total offering clothes jeans, however, in no case demand , which allows to deduce that this are locally manufactured according to lack of jeans garments covered with survey of managers of these businesses , Atuntaqui offer other cities. garments that sell acquired in other cities and abroad. COMMERCIALIZATION Square Projection of supply The project suppose a direct distribution company – garments manufacturer. Product Service strategies will be: Monthly Anual offer • Quality Year offer jeans jeans (units) (units) • Constant evaluation of the services 2015 5300 63600 offered (continuous improvement) 2016 5411 64929 • Inclusion of new services periodically. 2017 5524 66286 • Variety of supply for different types of 2018 5639 67672 garments. 2019 5757 69086 Promotion Direct communication channels to ensure a Oferta proyectada (prendas/año) trusting relationship with clothing 70000 69000 manufacturers, finding potential 68000 consumers located in the same city, and 67000 66000 with personalized visits. 65000 64000 63000 2014 2016 2018 2020 7 In addition, due to the low cost it CHAPTER VI represents and the social impact they TECHNICAL STUDY represent social networks like be used Facebook, Instagram, Twitter and Linked SIZING THE PROJECT In. SIZE OF THE COMPANY CONCLUSIONS OF MARKET Project size according to the unsatisfied STUDY demand.  The demand for jeans garments and dyed The size of the project in relation to the garments local production, projected to application, can be determined by 2015 is 137,613 units. As the production comparing total unsatisfied demand is of this type of clothing a nascent 74013 garments 2015 with the production alternative and growing, it is necessary of the project that is processed 48000 ancillary services are offered such as garments per year, representing 65%; so laundry and garment dyeing. there is no risk to place this level of production, since it is clearly inferior. • With the integration to industrial Atuntaqui´s market, of a laundry capable Project size and funding. of processing 48,000 units per year, 48000 garments for annual production demand for jeans and stained garments, (initially), will be financed through: will unsatisfied because 2015 is 74013 Equity investment: 50% units. Borrowings investment: 50% • According to the analysis of the results of Technology and equipment. the surveys; and analysis of supply and For production processes that will develop demand, it is concluded that the creation of the project, resources must be invested in a laundry garment manufacturers in the the acquisition of machinery and city of Atuntaqui is feasible. equipment. The investment will be $ 21,600 in relation to the technology to be applied will generate an estimated annual production of 48000 garments. Project size , supplies and consumables 8