oy ORTHOPEDIC CLINICS = 2 AS) . OF NORTH AMERICA ELSEVIER SAUNDERS Orthop Clin N Am 35 (2004) 505-518 Cumulative Index 2004 Volume 35 January CHRONIC LOW BACK PAIN: ISSUES AND MANAGEMENT, PART II, pages 1-106 April MINIMALLY INVASIVE JOINT RECONSTRUCTION, pages 107—258 July OSTEONECROSIS OF THE HUMAN SKELETON, pages 259-430 October HIP AND PELVIC TRAUMA, pages 431 518 Note: Page numbers of article titles are in boldface type A Anteromedial osteoarthritis Abuse pathomechanics of, 4 alcohol Antibody(ies) osteonecrosis of shoulder due to, 397 aiitiphospholipid Acetabular fractures osteonecrosis and, 260—261 trochanteric osteotomy for, 457-461 Anticonvulsant(s) for neuropathic pain, 82—83 Acupuncture in chronic low back pain management, 61 Antidepressant(s) for neuropathic pain, 82 Adult stem cell plasticity/transdifferentiation in disc degeneration, 88 Antiphospholipid antibodies osteonecrosis and, 260—261 Alcohol abuse osteonecrosis of shoulder due to, 397 Antiphospholipid syndrome osteonecrosis and, 261 Anesthetic injections in low back pain diagnosis, 11 —12 APLD. See Automated percutaneous lumbar discectomy (APLD). Angiography Artery(ies). See specific types, e.g., Nutrient artery. pelvic in pelvic trauma evaluation, 439-443. Arthrodesis(es) See also Pelvic trauma, evaiuation of, ankle pelvic angiography in. arthroscopic, 249—253. See also Arthroscopic ankle arthrodesis. Ankle arthrodesis for posttraumatic avascular necrosis of talar, arthroscopic, 249-253. See also Arthroscopic 390-391 ankle arthrodesis. Arthroplasty Ankle reconstruction for osteonecrosis of shoulder, 400 minimally invasive, 249-255. See also Arthro- MITH. See Minimal incision total hip scopic ankle arthrodesis. (MITH) arthroplasty. Anterior interosseous artery total hip minimally invasive of wrist, 405 New York experience with, 137-142. See Anterior lumbar interbody fusion also Minimally invasive total hip arthro- described, 25—26 plasty, New York experience with. 0030-5898/04/$ see front matter © 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/S0030-5898(04)00089-6 506 Cumulative Index / Orthop Clin N Am 35 (2004) 505-518 total knee Bone(s) limitations of, 219 carpal minimally invasive, 217—226. See also osteonecrosis of, 406—412 Minimally invasive total knee arthroplasty. circulation within, 285—286 instrumentation in, 227-234. See also microcirculation of, 286—287 Minimally invasive total knee arthro- Bone contusion plasty, instrumentation in. mechanical bone marrow edema of knee due to, Arthroscopic ankle arthrodesis, 249—253 325-326 complications of, 251 Bone grafting described, 249 for osteonecrosis of shoulder, 399—400 functional outcome with, 251 fusion rates in, 250-251 Bone marrow edema indications for, 249 of knee, 321-332. See also Knee(s), bone marrow inpatient/outpatient status in, 251 edema of. operative techniques Bone marrow edema syndrome mini-arthrotomy, 251 ischemic bone marrow edema of knee due to, preferred, 251—253 323-324 results of, 249-250 time to fusion in, 251 Arthroscopic debridement for osteonecrosis of shoulder, 399 Caisson disease Arthroscopy osteonecrosis of shoulder due to, 397 in minimally invasive ankle reconstruction, Capitate 253-254 osteonecrosis of, 414—415 Aseptic necrosis causes of, 415 stages of, 275 diagnosis of, 415 treatment of, 415 Association Research Circulation Osseous vascularity of, 414—415 classification system intraosseous, 414—415 for osteonecrosis, 277 Capsaicin Autoimmune diseases for neuropathic pain, 83 osteonecrosis and, 259 Carpal bones Autologous stem cell transplantation osteonecrosis of, 406—412 to intervertebral discs, 88—89 Carpus. See also Wrist(s). favorable and unfavorable factors in, 89 extraosseous anatomy of Automated percutaneous lumbar discectomy (APLD) anterior interosseous artery, 405 for disc decompression in chronic lower back pain dorsal transverse carpal arches, 405-406 management, 18 palmar transverse carpal arches, 406 radial artery, 403—405 Avascular necrosis ulnar artery, 405 of talus, 381—393. See also Talus, avascular vascular anatomy, 403-406 necrosis of. intraosseous anatomy of, 406—412 Cell therapy for disc degeneration, 85-93. See also Disc B degeneration, cell therapy for. Back pain Cementing mechanical, 43—44 prosthetic Back schools in minimally invasive total knee arthroplasty, in chronic low back pair. management, 61 232-233 Cumulative Index / Orthop Clin N Am 35 (2004) 505-518 Chemonucleolysis of unknown value, 61 for disc decompression in chronic lower back pain spinal manipulation, 60 management, 18 TENS, 60 tracticn, 61 Chronic low back pain ultrasonography, 61 described, 57 unevaluated, 61 load transmission through degenerated mechanical, 43—44 dise and, 45 mechanism of, 43—46 load transmission through normal disc and, 44 pathology of, 43—46 management of spinal fusion and, 46 anterior lumbar interbody fusion in, 25-32 spinal instability and, 44 study of “stone in the shoe” hypothesis of, 45—46 clinical and radiographic outcome measurements in, 26 Chronic regional pain syndrome design of, 26 ischemic bone marrow edema of knee due to, 325 disability resulting from, 28—31 Circulation patient selection for, 26 avascular necrosis of talus and, 383 postoperative antefior disc space height within bones, 285—286 in, 28 postoperative posterior dise space Coagulation height in, 28 abnormalities of preoperative disc space height in, hip osteonecrosis and, 265—271. See also 27-28 Hip(s), osteonecrosis of, coagulation surgical techniques in, 26—27 abnormalities in patients with. dynamic stabilization devices in, 43-55 Computer-assisted orthopedic surgery, 183-189 defined, 46 in minimally invasive hip and knee reconstruc- Dynesys system in, 50—5] tion, 183-189. See also Minimally invasive FASS system in, 51—52 hip and knee reconstruction. Graf ligament in, 49—50 interspinous distraction devices, 48—49 Contusion(s) interspinous ligaments and, 49 bone principles of, 46—48 mechanical bone marrow edema of knee due semirigid metallic devices across pedicle to, 325-326 screws in, 52 Core decompression soft stabilization and disc repair in, 53 for osteonecrosis of shoulder, 399 soft stabilization as adjunct to disc pros- thesis, 52—53 Cortex microcirculation, 287 percutaneous disc decompression in, 17—23 Corticosteroid(s) percutaneous intradiscal procedures. See osteonecrosis of shoulder due to, 396—397 also Percutaneous intradiscal procedures. percutaneous intradiscal procedures for, 17-21 D physical treatment in, 57—64 Degenerative disc disease acupuncture, 61 pathophysiology of, 34—35 back schools, 61 treatment of, 35—36 efficacy of, 57—58 exercise, 58—59 Degenerative meniscus, 376 hydrotherapy, 60 Direct two-incision total hip replacement ineffective, 60—61 without fluoroscopy, 173-181. See also Jotal hip laser, 59 replacement, direct two-incision, lumbar supports, 61 without fluoroscopy. magnets, 60 massage, 59 Disability(ies) multidisciplinary rehabilitation, 59-60 anterior lumbar interbody fusion—related, 28—31 508 Cumulative Index / Orthop Clin N Am 35 (2004) 505-518 Disc(s) ESWT. See Extracorporeal shock wave biology of, 96 therapy (ESWT). Disc degeneration Exercise(s) cell therapy for, 85—93 in chronic low back pain management, 58—59 future of, 89—90 transplantation of disc/condrocyte cells to disc in, 87—88 F described, 85—86 FASS system low back pain and, 86 in chronic low back pain management, 51—52 treatment of Femoral artery gene therapy for, 95-100 lateral circumflex clinical relevance of, 95—96 in vascularization of femur, 287 delivery mechanism in, 98 medial circumflex gene selection in, 97—98 in vascularization of femur, 287—288 nondestructive methods in, 96—97 types of, 86 Femoral head anatomy of, 457, 463 Discectomy vascular ring of intradiscal laser in vascularization of femur, 288 for disc decompression in chronic lower back vascularization of, 285-291 pain management, 18—19 percutaneous Femoral head fractures, 463—472 for disc decompression in chronic lower back classification of, 464 pain management, 18 complications of, 470 diagnosis of, 464 Discography mechanism of, 463 in low back pain diagnosis, 12 treatment of, 464—470 concordancy rating in, 13—14 rehabilitation after, 470—471 in asymptomatic patients, 12—13 Femoral head necrosis Dorsal transverse carpal arches vascularized fibular grafting in of wrist, 405-406 analysis of failures after, 305-314 Dynamic stabilization devices study of, 306—307 in chronic low back pain management, 46-53. bone-related, 306—307 See also Chronic low back pain, management discussion of, 311—313 of, dynamic stabilization devices in. histomorphologic evaluation in, 309-311 Dynesys system histomorphometric evaluation in, in chronic low back pain management, 50—51 309-311 Dysbarism intravital bone labeling in, 306 osteonecrosis of shoulder due to, 397 macroscopic evaluation in, 307—309 materials and methods in, 306—307 results of, 307—311 E retrieval and preparation of samples in, 306 Economic issues subjects in, 306 low back pain-related, 1-5 Femoral head osteonecrosis Edema in SLE patients bone marrow free vascularized fibular grafting for, of knee, 321-332. See also Knee(s), bone 351-355. See also Systemic lupus marrow edema of. erythematosus (SLE), femoral head Epiphyseal artery(ies) osteonecrosis in patients with, free in circulation within bones, 286 vascularized fibular in vascularization of femur, 290 grafting for. Cumulative Index / Orthop Clin N Am 35 (2004) 505-518 non-union of femoral neck fractures with stress treatment of, 333-341. See also Femoral neck mechanical bone marrow edema of knee due fractures, non-union Gf with osteonecrosis to, 327 of femoral head, treatment of. subtrochanteric femur, 473—483. See also Subtrochanteric femur fractures. Femoral neck fractures talar neck, 383—384 non-union of classification of, 384—385 with osteonecrosis of femoral head treatment of, 333-341 Free vascularized fibular grafting discussion of, 336—339 for femoral head osteonecrosis in patients with methods in, 333—334 SLE, 351-355. See also Systemic lupus erythe- operative technique, 334 matosus (SLE), femoral head osteonecrosis in pa- patient selection for, 333 tients with, free vascularized fibular grafting for. results of, 336 Frontal motor-vehicle crashes Femur hip joint injuries due to, 493-504. See also Hip macrocirculation of Joint injuries, frontal motor-vehicle in vascularization of femur, 288 crashes and. microcirculation of knee, thigh, and hip injuries due to in vascularization of femur, 289 scenario for, 495 subtrochanteric region of anatomy of, 473 vascularization of, 287—290 G lateral circumflex femoral artery in, 287 Gaucher’s disease lateral epiphyseal arteries in, 290 osteonecrosis of shoulder due to, 397 macrocirculation of femur in, 288—289 medial circumflex femoral artery in, 287—288 Gene therapy medial epiphyseal artery in, 290 for disc degeneration, 95-100. See also Disc microcirculation of femur in, 289-290 degeneration, treatment of, gene therapy for. perforating arteries in, 288 Gonarthritis profunda femoris in, 287 reactive bone marrow edema of knee due to, superior metaphyseal artery in, 290 327-328 vascular ring of femoral head in, 288 Graf ligament Ficat and Arlet classification system in chronic low back pain management, 49—50 for osteonecrosis, 275 Fluoroscopy direct two-incision total hip replacement without, H 173-181. See also Total hip replacement, Hamate direct two-incision, without fluoroscopy. osteonecrosis of, 415—416 Fracture(s). See also specific type, e.g., Subtrochant- vascularity of, 415—416 eric femur fractures. Health care providers acetabular advantages of minimally invasive hip replacement trochanteric osteotomy for, 457-461 for, 108—109 femoral head, 463—472. See also Femoral head fractures. Hemoglobinopathy(ies) femoral neck. See Femoral neck fractures. osteonecrosis of shoulder due to, 397 osteochondral Hemorrhage of knee, 376 in pelvic fractures pelvic. See Pelvic fractures. source of, 439—440 periprosthetic femur in pelvic fractures patterns, 431—437 treatment for, 485-492 proximal femur Hip(s) trochanteric osteotomy for, 457—461 osteonecrosis of Cumulative Index / Orthop Clin N Am 35 (2004) 505-518 coagulation abnormalities in patients with, Intervertebral disc cells 265-271 characteristics of, 86—87 clinical studies of, 265-266 germ layer origin of, 86 coagulation testing in, 266 Intradiscal electrothermal annuloplasty discussion of, 268—270 for disc decompression in chronic lower back pain laboratory methods in, 266 management, 19 patient selection for, 265—266 results of, 266--268 Intradiscal laser discectomy serologic testing in, 266 for disc decompression in chronic lower back pain statistical methods in, 266 management, 18—19 treatment of Intradiscal radiofrequency ablation total hip arthroplasty for. See also Total hip for disc decompression in chronic lower back pain arthroplasty, for hip osteonecrosis. total hip arthroplasty in, 357-362 management, 19 Hip joint injuries frontal motor-vehicle crashes and, 493-504 background of, 493—495 J biomechanical research on, 499—502 Japanese Investigation Committee for Avascular causation from field investigations, 495 —499 Necrosis classification system early research on, 495 for osteonecrosis, 27 Hip reconstruction minimally invasive, 183—189. See also Minimally invasive hip and knee reconstruction. K Hip replacement Kienbock’s disease, 413—414 minimally invasive, 107—118. See also Minimally causes of, 413 invasive hip replacement. diagnosis of, 413 treatment of, 413—414 Humeral head blood supply to, - Knee(s) osteonecrosis of, 395-402. See also Shoulder, bone marrow edema of, 321—332 osteonecrosis of. ischemic, 322—325 bone marrow edema syndrome and, Hydrotherapy 323-324 in chronic low back pain management, 60 causes of, 322—325 chronic regional pain syndrome and, 32 5 osteochrondritis dessicans and, 324 325 5 Immunology osteonecrosis and, 322—323 in osteonecrosis pathogenesis, 259-263. treatment of, 329-330 See also Osteonecrosis. mechanical, 325—327 bone contusion and, 325—326 Instrumentation causes of, 325—327 in minimally invasive total knee arthroplasty, microfracture and, 326 227-234. See also Minimally invasive total stress fractures and, 327 knee arthroplasty, instrumentation in. stress-related, 326—327 Interspinous distraction devices treatment of, 330 in chronic low back pain management, 48—49 postoperative, 328—329 Interspinous ligaments reactive, 327-329 causes of, 327—329 in chronic low back pain management, 49 gonarthritis and, 327—328 Intervertebral disc osteoarthritis and, 328 anatomy of, 33 treatment of, 330 biomechanics of, 34 stress-related, 326—327 physiology of, 33 treatment of, 329—330 Cumulative Index / Orthop Clin N Am 35 (2004) 505-518 osteonecrosis of, 369-379 Lateral epiphyseal arteries classification of, 369-372 in vascularization of femur, 290 clinical features of, 369-372 Lateral femoral condyle degenerative meniscus, 376 osteonecrosis of, 374—375 described, 369 differential diagnosis of, 372—377 Lesion(s) early stages of tumor-like imaging of, 293-303 of knee joint, 329 lateral femoral condyle, 374—375 Lidocaine patches management of, 377 for neuropathic pain, 83 medial compartment, 375-376 osteochondral fractures, 376 Ligament(s) osteochondritis dessicans, 376 across pedicles patella, 373-374 in chronic low back pain management, 49- postarthroscopic, 299-300 Graf reflex sympathetic dystrophy, 377 in chronic low back pain management, 49 secondary interspinous imaging of, 300-302 in chronic low back pain management, 49 spontaneous, 363-368 Load transmission through degenerated disc causes of, 366 chronic low back pain due to, 45 clinical course of, 364—366 Load transmission through normal disc discussion of, 367 chronic low back pain due to, 44 imaging studies in, 363—364 MRI patterns of, 363-364 Low back pain pathology of, 366 causes of, 2—3, 17 primary, 293-303 chronic. See Chronic low back pain. clinical presentation of, 293-294 cost of described, 293 factors affecting, 2 differential diagnosis of, 295—297 diagnosis of, 7-16 imaging of anesthetic injections in, 11—12 stage-dependent methods in, discography in, 12 297-299 concordancy rating in, 13—14 MRI of, 294—295 in asymptomatic patients, 12—13 plain radiography of, 293-294 high-intensity zone in, 11 treatment of, 366—367 imaging studies in, 10-11 tibial plateau, 374 patient history in, 7—10 reflex sympathetic dystrophy of, 377 physical examination in, 7—10 disc degeneration and, 86, 95 Knee joint economic assessment of tumor(s) of, 329 in United States, 1-5 tumor-like lesions of, 329 management of Knee reconstruction implications for, 3 minimally invasive, 183-189. See also Minimally nociceptive sources in, 74—75 invasive hip and knee reconstruction. piriformis syndrome and, 65-71. See also Piriformis syndrome, low back pain and. prevalence of, 1, 17 L psychosocial costs of, 2—3 Laser(s) Lumbar supports in chronic low back pain management, 59 in chronic low back pain management, 61 Lateral ankle ligament reconstruction Lumbar total disc replacement arthroscopy and, 253-254 clinical results of, 36-38 Lateral circumflex femoral artery complications of in vascularization of femur, 287 short-term, 38—39 Cumulative Index / Orthop Clin N Am 35 (2004) 505-518 contraindications to, 40 Mini-incision current status of, 33-42 in minimally invasive total hip arthroplasty indications for, 40 rationale for, 137 long-term challenges in, 39—40 Mini-incision total hip (MITH) replacement Lunate anterolateral approach to, 143-151 osteonecrosis of, 412—414 preoperative planning in, 143—144 Kienbock’s disease and, 413—414 surgical technique, 144—151 vascularity of, 412—414 acetabulum preparation in, 147 intraosseous, 412—413 exposure in, 144—147 femur preparation in, 148—151 M Minimal incision total hip (MITH) arthroplasty Macrocirculation of femur posterior-lateral approach to, 131-136 in vascularization of femur, 288—289 acetabular exposure in, 132—134 closure in, 134 Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) comorbidities with, 134—135 of primary spontaneous osteonecrosis of knee, femoral exposure in, 134 294-295 incision landmarks in, 131—132 of spontaneous osteonecrosis of knee, 363—364 Minimally invasive ankle reconstruction, 249-255 Magnets arthroscopic ankle arthrodesis. See also Arthro- in chronic low back pain management, 60 scopic ankle arthrodesis. Manipulation arthroscopy and lateral ankle ligament reconstruc- spinal tion, 253—254 in chronic low back pain management, 60 Minimally invasive anterolateral hip replacement Marcus, Enneking, and Massam classification system early results of, 153 for osteonecrosis, 275 postoperative regimen, 158—160 preoperative planning for, 153—154 Marrow microcirculation, 286 principles of, 153-154 Massage standard incision anterolateral hip replacement vs., in chronic low back pain management, 59 153-161 surgical technique, 153, 154—158 Mechanical back pain, 43—44 Minimally invasive hip and knee reconstruction, Medial circumflex femoral artery 183-189 in vascularization of femur, 287—288 challenges facing, 183—184 Medial epiphyseal artery computer-assisted surgical tools for in vascularization of femur, 290 accuracy with, 184—187 navigation, 187--189 Meniscus opportunities for, 184—188 degenerative, 376 planners, 184 Metaphyseal artery reliability of, 187 safety with, 184—187 in circulation within bones, 286 simulators, 184 superior in vascularization of femur, 290 Minimally invasive hip replacement, 107-118 advantages of Microcirculation for health care providers, 108—109 cortex, 287 for patients, 108 marrow, 286 disadvantages of, 109 of bone, 286—287 instrumentation for, 114—117 of femur, 289—290 procedure for Microfracture minimal anterior approach, 111—112 mechanical bone marrow edema of knee due minimal anterolateral approach, 111 to, 326 minimal posterior approach, 109-110 Cumulative Index /O rthop Clin N Am 35 (2004) 505-518 surgical anatomy of, 109-117 indications for, 196-198 two-incision approach, 112—114 morbidity after, 194 rationale for, 108—109 Minimally invasive unicondylar knee arthroplasty Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) for unicompartmental osteoarthritis, 201-216 described, 1—4 arthritic bypass treatment options, 202—203 clinical presentation for, 203 Minimally invasive surgery total knee arthroplasty historical background of, 201 (MIS TKA), 1—4 indications for, 203-205 Minimally invasive total hip arthroplasty informed patient consent for, 205 mini-incision rationale in, 137 patient selection for, 203-205 New York experience with, 137-142 preoperative discussion related to, 205 described, 140—141 serial prosthetic replacement, 201-202 operative technique for, 138—140 technique of, 205—212 patient selection for, 137—138 MIS. See Minimally invasive surgery (MIS). postoperative care, 140 two-incision, 163—172 MIS TKA. See Minimally invasive surgery total knee acetabular preparation for, 163—167 arthroplasty (MIS TKA). femoral preparation for, 168—172 MITH arthroplasty. See Minimal incision total hip patient positioning for, 163 (MITH) arthroplasty. technique for, 163—172 Motor-vehicle crashes Minimally invasive total knee arthroplasty, 217-226 frontal bone platforms in, 221—224 hip joint injuries due to, 493—504. See also concerns related to, 217-218 Hip joint injuries, frontal motor-vehicle decreased skin incision length in, 221 crashes and. described, 219-224 knee, thigh, and hip injuries due to discussion of, 224 scenario for, 495 downsized instrumentation in, 221 flexion and extension of leg for exposure MRI. See Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). during, 220 Multidisciplinary rehabilitation historical background of, 217 in chronic low back pain management, 59—60 instrumentation in, 227-234 closure and, 233 Musculoskeletal disability described, 227 osteonecrosis and, 315 postoperative management and, 233 3 prosthetic cementing and, 232 y“ 4Ae N surgical approach and, 228—232 lack of patella eversion in, 220—221 Navigation no joint dislocation in, 221 as training tool in minimally invasive hip and preoperative evaluation for, 227—228 knee reconstruction, 187—189 quadriceps-sparing approach to, 220 Neuropathic pain superior and inferior capsular releases in, 220 defined, 75 symbiotic use of retractors in, 220 Nucleoplasty Minimally invasive unicompartmental knee arthroplasty, 218—219 for disc decompression in chronic lower back pain management, 20—21 Minimally invasive unicompartmental knee replace- ment, 191—200 Nutrient artery clinical rationale for, 191—194 in circulation within bones, 285—286 conversion to total knee replacement, 192—193 design rationale, 195—196 function after, 193-194 O in young patients Opiate(s) results of, 192 for neuropathic pain, 82 514 Cumulative Index / Orthop Clin N Am 35 (2004) 505-518 Osteoarthritis treatment of anteromedial total hip arthroplasty in, 357-362. See also pathomechanics of, 4 Total hip arthroplasty, for of knee hip osteonecrosis. characteristics of, 3 of knee, 369-382. See also Knee(s), osteo- reactive bone marrow edema of knee due necrosis of. to, 328 of lunate, 412—414 unicompartmental. See of pisiform, 416 Unicompartmental osteoarthritis. of scaphoid, 406—409. See also Scaphoid, minimally invasive unicondylar knee arthro- osteonecrosis of. plasty for, 1201-216. See also Minimally * shoulder, 395-402. See also Shoulder, invasive unicondylar knee arthroplasty, for osteonecrosis of. unicompartmental osteoarthritis. ‘talus, 381-393. See also Talus, avascular necrosis of. Osteochondral fractures of trapezium, 417 of knee, 376 of trapezoid, 416—417 Osteochondritis dessicans, 376 of triquetrum, 416 of wrist, 403-418 ischemic bone marrow edema of knee due to, pathogenesis of 324-325 immunologic factors in, 259-263 Osteonecrosis pathologic conditions mimicking, 315-320 antiphospholipid antibodies and, 260—261 pathologic processes in, 317—318 antiphospholipid syndrome and, 261 prevalence of, 315 autoimmune diseases and, 259 skeletal zones vulnerable to, 285-291 classification systems for identification of, 290-291 Association Research Circulation SLE and, 259-260 Osseous, 277 spontaneous Ficat and Arlet, 275 of knee, 363-368. See also Knee(s), osteonec- Japanese Investigation Committee for Avascu- rosis of, spontaneous. lar Necrosis, 276 staging of Marcus, Enneking, and Massam, 275 systems for, 273-277 overview of, 273--283 Osteotomy Sugioka, 275 rotation, 343-349. See also Rotation osteotomy. University of Pennsylvania, 276 evaluation of, 277—280 discussion of, 280—281 P femoral head Pain in SLE patients neuropathic. See also Spinal pain, “neuropathic.” free vascularized fibular grafting for, defined, 75 351-365. See also Systemic lupus spinal erythematosus (SLE), femoral head “neuropathic,” 73—84. See also Spinal osteonecrosis in patients with, free pain, “neuropathic.” vascularized fibular grafting for. Palmar transverse carpal arches imaging of, 315-316, 318-319 of wrist, 406 pitfalls in, 316—317 ischemic bone marrow edema of knee due to, Patella 322-323 osteonecrosis of, 373-374 musculoskeletal disability due to, 315 Pedicle(s) of capitate, 414—415 ligaments across of hamate, 415—416 in chronic low back pain management, 49—52 of hip coagulation abnormalities in patients with, Pelvic angiography 265-271. See also Hip(s), osteonecrosis of, in pelvic trauma evaluation, 439-443. See also Pel- coagulation abnormalities in patients with. vic trauma, evaluation of, pelvic angiography in.