Order and (Dis)order in the First Christian Century Supplements to Novum Testamentum ExecutiveEditors M.M.Mitchell Chicago D.P.Moessner TexasChristianUniversity EditorialBoard L.Alexander,Sheffield–H.W.Attridge,NewHaven F.Bovon,CambridgeMA–C.Breytenbach,Berlin J.K.Elliott,Leeds–C.R.Holladay,Atlanta M.J.J.Menken,Tilburg–D.Marguerat,Lausanne J.C.Thom,Stellenbosch–P.Trebilco,Dunedin VOLUME151 Thetitlespublishedinthisseriesarelistedatbrill.com/nts Order and (Dis)order in the First Christian Century A General Survey of Attitudes By F.GeraldDowning LEIDEN•BOSTON 2013 Thispublicationhasbeentypesetinthemultilingual“Brill”typeface.Withover5,100characters coveringLatin,IPA,Greek,andCyrillic,thistypefaceisespeciallysuitableforuseinthehumanities. Formoreinformation,pleaseseewww.brill.com/brill-typeface. ISSN0167-9732 ISBN978-90-04-25175-5(hardback) ISBN978-90-04-25581-4(e-book) Copyright2013byKoninklijkeBrillNV,Leiden,TheNetherlands. KoninklijkeBrillNVincorporatestheimprintsBrill,GlobalOriental,HoteiPublishing, IDCPublishersandMartinusNijhoffPublishers. Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,translated,storedin aretrievalsystem,ortransmittedinanyformorbyanymeans,electronic,mechanical, photocopying,recordingorotherwise,withoutpriorwrittenpermissionfromthepublisher. AuthorizationtophotocopyitemsforinternalorpersonaluseisgrantedbyKoninklijkeBrillNV providedthattheappropriatefeesarepaiddirectlytoTheCopyrightClearanceCenter, 222RosewoodDrive,Suite910,Danvers,MA01923,USA. Feesaresubjecttochange. Thisbookisprintedonacid-freepaper. quidenimiucundius quamuxoritamcarumesse utpropterhoctibicariorfias? (Seneca,ep.mor.civ.6) Irecordmythankstotheeditors,Profes- sorDavidP.MoessnerandDeanMarga- ret M. Mitchell, and Brill, for accepting this collected study for the Novum Tes- tamentumSupplementsSeries,manyof whose volumes have enriched me in the past. And I offer renewed thanks to membersoftheEhrhardtBiblicalStudies SeminarintheUniversityofManchester, andtostaffoftheJohnRylandsUniver- sityofManchesterLibrary,especiallyin DocumentSupply CONTENTS Acknowledgments...................................................... ix ListofAbbreviations.................................................... xi Introduction............................................................ 1 PARTONE ORDER 1 “LetEverythingBeDoneDecentlyandinOrder(εὐσχημόνωςκαὶ κατὰτάξιν)”(1Cor14.40).Unity,OrderandProblemsofDiversity. A.Greeks,Romans,Jews............................................ 9 2 “LetEverythingBeDoneDecentlyandinOrder(εὐσχημόνωςκαὶ κατὰτάξιν)”(1Cor14.40).Unity,OrderandProblemsofDiversity. B.TheNewTestamentAuthors..................................... 49 3 Orderwithin:Passions,DivineandHuman. A.IntheWiderGraeco-RomanWorld.............................. 83 4 Orderwithin:Passions,DivineandHuman. B.AmongLateSecondTempleJewsandtheFirstChristians....... 103 5 OrderinComposition:“καθεξῆςσοιγράψαι”(Luke1.3).............. 121 6 OrderinThought:Ambiguity,AncientSemantics,andFaith....... 145 7 “AllThingstoAllPeople”,“τοῖςπᾶσινπάντα”(1Cor9.22). (Dis)orderinThought:Free-RangeReflectionstoEngageDioof Prusa’sandPaul’sImpliedAudiences............................... 171 PARTTWO LAW 8 LegislationasSocialEngineeringintheNewTestamentWorld .... 201 9 “What,Then,oftheLaw?”,“ΤΙΟΥΝΟΝΟΜΟΣ;”Gal3.19. AppraisalsofLawinPaulandOtherNewTestamentWriters,and intheWiderGraeco-RomanWorld................................. 211 viii contents 10 JustificationasAcquittal?ACriticalExaminationofJudicial ParlanceinPaul’sWorld............................................ 231 11 DisorderlyCourtProcedure:Pliny’sProsecutionsofChristians .... 255 PARTTHREE DISRUPTIVERE-ORDERING 12 TheBaptist’sNewOrder............................................ 277 13 DissidentJesus ..................................................... 283 14 DisorderlyPaul ..................................................... 313 Bibliography ............................................................ 319 IndexofModernAuthors............................................... 355 IndexofAncientSources ............................................... 362 IndexofTopics ......................................................... 390 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Chapters1–4and7arenewmaterial,previouslyunpublished. Chapter 5, “Order in Composition: ‘καθεξῆς σοι γράψαι’ (Luke 1.3)” also appearshereforthefirsttimeinprint,butanearlierversion,“Imitationand Emulation.JosephusandLuke:PlotandPsycholinguistics”,isalsoduenow toappear,withtheagreementofBrill,inTheElijah-ElishaNarrativeinthe CompositionofLuke,editedbyJohnS.KloppenborgandJosephVerheyden, andpublishedinLondonbyT&TClark,alsowiththelatter’sagreement. Chapter 6, “Order in Thought: Ambiguity, Ancient Semantics, and Faith”, first appeared as “Ambiguity, Ancient Semantics, and Faith”, in NTS 56.1 (2009),139–162,andappearsherebykindpermission. Chapter8,“LegislationasSocialEngineering”firstappearedinMichaelTait andPeterOakes(eds),TorahintheNewTestament.PapersDeliveredatthe Manchester-LausanneSeminarofJune2008(LNTS401;London:T&TClark), 218–227.Copyright,hithertounassigned,nowrestswithBrill. Chapter9,“What,then,oftheLaw?”,extensivelyrecastsmaterialfromch.9, “Why then the Law?”, in F. Gerald Downing, Cynics,Paul,andthePauline Churches(London:Routledge,1998;©F.GeraldDowning),54–84,andidem, “LawandCustom:Luke-ActsandLateHellenism”,inBarnabasLindars(ed.), LawandReligion(Cambridge:J.Clarke,1988),148–158.Copyrighthitherto unassigned;inthisversion,nowrestswithBrill. Chapter 10, “Justification as Acquittal? A Critical Examination of Judicial Parlance in Paul’s World”, first appeared in CBQ 74.2 (2012), 298–318, and appearsherebykindpermission. Chapter11isare-workedversionof“Pliny’sProsecutionsofChristians”,JSNT 34(1988),105–123,andappearsherebykindpermission. Chapter 12 first appeared as “Psalms and the Baptist”, JSNT 29.2 (2006), 131–137,andappearsherebykindpermission. Chapters13and14extensivelyrecastF.GeraldDowning,“JesusandCyni- cism”,inTomHolménandStanleyPorter(eds),HandbookfortheStudyof theHistoricalJesus. 2. TheStudyofJesus. (4 vols; Leiden and Boston: Brill, 2011)2.1105–1136.Copyright,hithertounassigned,nowrestswithBrill.