Oracle® Data Guard [1] Concepts and Administration 12c Release 1 (12.1) E48552-07 November 2015 Oracle Data Guard Concepts and Administration, 12c Release 1 (12.1) E48552-07 Copyright © 1999, 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Primary Author: Kathy Rich Contributors: Andy Adams, Beldalker Anand, Chipper Brown, Larry Carpenter, Jin-Jwei Chen, Laurence Clarke, Jeff Detjen, Ray Dutcher, David Gagne, B.G. Garin, Mahesh Girkar, Yuhong Gu, Joydip Kundu, Steven Lee, Steven Lim, Nitin Karkhanis, Goutam Kulkarni, Jonghyun Lee, Yunrui Li, Shashi Mangalat, Steven McGee, Bob McGuirk, Joe Meeks, Steve Moriarty, Muthu Olagappan, Ashish Ray, Mike Schloss, Mike Smith, Lawrence To, Stephen Vivian, Doug Voss, Hongjie Yang Contributor: The Oracle Database 12c documentation is dedicated to Mark Townsend, who was an inspiration to all who worked on this release. 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Contents Preface.............................................................................................................................................................. xvii Audience.................................................................................................................................................... xvii Documentation Accessibility.................................................................................................................. xvii Related Documents.................................................................................................................................. xvii Conventions............................................................................................................................................. xviii Changes in This Release for Oracle Data Guard Concepts and Administration xix Changes in Oracle Database 12c Release 1 (12.1.0.2)............................................................................ xix Changes in Oracle Database 12c Release 1 (12.1.0.1)............................................................................ xix Part I Concepts and Administration 1 Introduction to Oracle Data Guard 1.1 Oracle Data Guard Configurations.......................................................................................... 1-1 1.1.1 Primary Database................................................................................................................. 1-2 1.1.2 Standby Databases............................................................................................................... 1-2 1.1.3 Far Sync Instances................................................................................................................ 1-3 1.1.4 Zero Data Loss Recovery Appliance................................................................................. 1-3 1.1.5 Configuration Example....................................................................................................... 1-4 1.2 Oracle Data Guard Services....................................................................................................... 1-4 1.2.1 Redo Transport Services..................................................................................................... 1-4 1.2.2 Apply Services...................................................................................................................... 1-5 1.2.3 Role Transitions................................................................................................................... 1-6 1.3 Oracle Data Guard Broker......................................................................................................... 1-6 1.3.1 Using Oracle Enterprise Manager Cloud Control.......................................................... 1-7 1.3.2 Using the Oracle Data Guard Command-Line Interface............................................... 1-7 1.4 Oracle Data Guard Protection Modes...................................................................................... 1-7 1.5 Client Failover............................................................................................................................. 1-8 1.5.1 Application Continuity....................................................................................................... 1-9 1.6 Oracle Data Guard and Complementary Technologies........................................................ 1-9 1.7 Summary of Oracle Data Guard Benefits............................................................................. 1-11 2 Getting Started with Oracle Data Guard 2.1 Standby Database Types............................................................................................................ 2-1 iii 2.1.1 Physical Standby Databases............................................................................................... 2-1 2.1.2 Logical Standby Databases................................................................................................. 2-2 2.1.3 Snapshot Standby Databases............................................................................................. 2-3 2.2 User Interfaces for Administering Oracle Data Guard Configurations.............................. 2-4 2.3 Oracle Data Guard Operational Prerequisites........................................................................ 2-4 2.3.1 Hardware and Operating System Requirements............................................................ 2-5 2.3.2 Oracle Software Requirements.......................................................................................... 2-5 2.4 Standby Database Directory Structure Considerations......................................................... 2-6 2.5 Moving the Location of Online Data Files.............................................................................. 2-9 2.5.1 Restrictions When Moving the Location of Online Data Files...................................... 2-9 3 Creating a Physical Standby Database 3.1 Preparing the Primary Database for Standby Database Creation....................................... 3-1 3.1.1 Enable Forced Logging....................................................................................................... 3-2 3.1.2 Configure Redo Transport Authentication...................................................................... 3-2 3.1.3 Configure the Primary Database to Receive Redo Data................................................ 3-3 3.1.4 Set Primary Database Initialization Parameters.............................................................. 3-3 3.1.5 Enable Archiving................................................................................................................. 3-6 3.2 Step-by-Step Instructions for Creating a Physical Standby Database................................. 3-6 3.2.1 Create a Backup Copy of the Primary Database Data Files.......................................... 3-6 3.2.2 Create a Control File for the Standby Database.............................................................. 3-7 3.2.3 Create a Parameter File for the Standby Database.......................................................... 3-7 3.2.4 Copy Files from the Primary System to the Standby System........................................ 3-9 3.2.5 Set Up the Environment to Support the Standby Database.......................................... 3-9 3.2.6 Start the Physical Standby Database.............................................................................. 3-10 3.2.7 Verify the Physical Standby Database Is Performing Properly................................. 3-11 3.3 Post-Creation Steps.................................................................................................................. 3-11 3.4 Creating a Physical Standby of a CDB.................................................................................. 3-12 3.5 Creating a PDB in a Primary Database................................................................................. 3-13 4 Creating a Logical Standby Database 4.1 Prerequisite Conditions for Creating a Logical Standby Database..................................... 4-1 4.1.1 Determine Support for Data Types and Storage Attributes for Tables....................... 4-2 4.1.2 Ensure Table Rows in the Primary Database Can Be Uniquely Identified................. 4-2 4.2 Step-by-Step Instructions for Creating a Logical Standby Database................................... 4-3 4.2.1 Create a Physical Standby Database................................................................................. 4-4 4.2.2 Stop Redo Apply on the Physical Standby Database..................................................... 4-4 4.2.3 Prepare the Primary Database to Support a Logical Standby Database...................... 4-4 4.2.3.1 Prepare the Primary Database for Role Transitions................................................ 4-4 4.2.3.2 Build a Dictionary in the Redo Data.......................................................................... 4-5 4.2.4 Transition to a Logical Standby Database........................................................................ 4-6 4.2.4.1 Convert to a Logical Standby Database.................................................................... 4-6 4.2.4.2 Adjust Initialization Parameters for the Logical Standby Database..................... 4-7 4.2.5 Open the Logical Standby Database................................................................................. 4-9 4.2.6 Verify the Logical Standby Database Is Performing Properly................................... 4-11 4.3 Post-Creation Steps.................................................................................................................. 4-11 4.4 Creating a Logical Standby of a CDB.................................................................................... 4-11 iv 5 Far Sync 5.1 Creating a Far Sync Instance..................................................................................................... 5-2 5.1.1 Creating and Configuring a Far Sync Instance............................................................... 5-2 5.1.2 Configuring an ALTERNATE Destination...................................................................... 5-5 5.2 Additional Configurations........................................................................................................ 5-6 5.2.1 Maintaining Protection After a Role Change................................................................... 5-6 5.2.2 Far Sync Instance High Availability................................................................................. 5-7 5.3 Supported Protection Modes for Far Sync Instances............................................................. 5-8 5.3.1 Far Sync Instances in Maximum Availability Mode Configurations........................... 5-8 5.3.2 Far Sync Instances in Maximum Performance Mode Configurations......................... 5-9 6 Oracle Data Guard Protection Modes 6.1 Oracle Data Guard Protection Modes...................................................................................... 6-1 6.2 Setting the Data Protection Mode of a Primary Database.................................................... 6-3 7 Redo Transport Services 7.1 Introduction to Redo Transport Services................................................................................ 7-1 7.2 Configuring Redo Transport Services...................................................................................... 7-2 7.2.1 Redo Transport Security..................................................................................................... 7-2 7.2.1.1 Redo Transport Authentication Using SSL............................................................... 7-3 7.2.1.2 Redo Transport Authentication Using a Password File......................................... 7-3 7.2.2 Configuring an Oracle Database to Send Redo Data..................................................... 7-4 7.2.2.1 Viewing Attributes With V$ARCHIVE_DEST......................................................... 7-6 7.2.3 Configuring an Oracle Database to Receive Redo Data................................................. 7-6 7.2.3.1 Managing Standby Redo Logs.................................................................................... 7-6 7.2.3.2 Cases Where Redo Is Written Directly To an Archived Redo Log File................ 7-7 7.3 Cascaded Redo Transport Destinations.................................................................................. 7-7 7.3.1 Configuring a Terminal Destination................................................................................. 7-8 7.3.2 Cascading Scenarios............................................................................................................ 7-9 7.3.2.1 Cascading to a Physical Standby................................................................................ 7-9 7.3.2.2 Cascading to Multiple Physical Standbys.............................................................. 7-10 7.4 Data Protection Considerations for Cascading Standbys.................................................. 7-10 7.5 Validating a Configuration..................................................................................................... 7-10 7.6 Monitoring Redo Transport Services.................................................................................... 7-11 7.6.1 Monitoring Redo Transport Status................................................................................ 7-11 7.6.2 Monitoring Synchronous Redo Transport Response Time........................................ 7-12 7.6.3 Redo Gap Detection and Resolution.............................................................................. 7-13 7.6.3.1 Manual Gap Resolution............................................................................................ 7-13 7.6.4 Redo Transport Services Wait Events............................................................................ 7-15 7.7 Tuning Redo Transport........................................................................................................... 7-15 8 Apply Services 8.1 Introduction to Apply Services................................................................................................. 8-1 8.2 Apply Services Configuration Options................................................................................... 8-1 8.2.1 Using Real-Time Apply to Apply Redo Data Immediately.......................................... 8-2 v 8.2.2 Specifying a Time Delay for the Application of Archived Redo Log Files................. 8-3 8.2.2.1 Using Flashback Database as an Alternative to Setting a Time Delay................. 8-4 8.3 Applying Redo Data to Physical Standby Databases............................................................ 8-4 8.3.1 Starting Redo Apply ........................................................................................................... 8-4 8.3.2 Stopping Redo Apply.......................................................................................................... 8-5 8.3.3 Monitoring Redo Apply on Physical Standby Databases.............................................. 8-5 8.4 Applying Redo Data to Logical Standby Databases.............................................................. 8-5 8.4.1 Starting SQL Apply............................................................................................................. 8-5 8.4.2 Stopping SQL Apply on a Logical Standby Database.................................................... 8-6 8.4.3 Monitoring SQL Apply on Logical Standby Databases................................................. 8-6 8.5 Standby Considerations When Removing or Renaming a PDB at a Primary.................... 8-6 9 Role Transitions 9.1 Introduction to Role Transitions............................................................................................... 9-2 9.1.1 Preparing for a Role Transition......................................................................................... 9-2 9.1.2 Choosing a Target Standby Database for a Role Transition.......................................... 9-3 9.1.3 Switchovers........................................................................................................................... 9-4 9.1.4 Failovers................................................................................................................................ 9-6 9.1.5 Role Transition Triggers..................................................................................................... 9-8 9.2 Role Transitions Involving Physical Standby Databases...................................................... 9-8 9.2.1 Performing a Switchover to a Physical Standby Database............................................ 9-8 9.2.2 Performing a Failover to a Physical Standby Database.............................................. 9-11 9.3 Role Transitions Involving Logical Standby Databases..................................................... 9-14 9.3.1 Performing a Switchover to a Logical Standby Database........................................... 9-14 9.3.2 Performing a Failover to a Logical Standby Database................................................ 9-17 9.4 Using Flashback Database After a Role Transition............................................................. 9-19 9.4.1 Using Flashback Database After a Switchover............................................................. 9-19 9.4.2 Using Flashback Database After a Failover.................................................................. 9-19 10 Managing Physical and Snapshot Standby Databases 10.1 Starting Up and Shutting Down a Physical Standby Database........................................ 10-1 10.1.1 Starting Up a Physical Standby Database..................................................................... 10-1 10.1.2 Shutting Down a Physical Standby Database............................................................... 10-2 10.2 Opening a Physical Standby Database ................................................................................ 10-2 10.2.1 Real-time query................................................................................................................. 10-2 10.2.1.1 Monitoring Apply Lag in a Real-time Query Environment................................ 10-3 10.2.1.2 Configuring Apply Lag Tolerance in a Real-time Query Environment............ 10-4 10.2.1.3 Forcing Redo Apply Synchronization in a Real-time Query Environment...... 10-5 10.2.1.4 Real-time Query Restrictions................................................................................... 10-5 10.2.1.5 Automatic Block Media Recovery........................................................................... 10-6 10.2.1.6 Manual Block Media Recovery................................................................................ 10-7 10.2.1.7 Tuning Queries on a Physical Standby Database................................................. 10-7 10.2.1.8 Adding Temp Files to a Physical Standby............................................................. 10-7 10.2.2 DML Operations on Temporary Tables on Oracle Active Data Guard Instances.. 10-8 10.2.3 Using Sequences in Oracle Active Data Guard............................................................ 10-9 10.2.3.1 Session Sequences.................................................................................................... 10-11 vi 10.3 Primary Database Changes That Require Manual Intervention at a Physical Standby........... 10-12 10.3.1 Adding a Data File or Creating a Tablespace............................................................. 10-13 10.3.2 Dropping Tablespaces and Deleting Data Files......................................................... 10-13 10.3.2.1 Using DROP TABLESPACE INCLUDING CONTENTS AND DATAFILES. 10-14 10.3.3 Using Transportable Tablespaces with a Physical Standby Database.................... 10-14 10.3.4 Renaming a Data File in the Primary Database......................................................... 10-15 10.3.5 Add or Drop a Redo Log File Group........................................................................... 10-16 10.3.6 NOLOGGING or Unrecoverable Operations............................................................. 10-17 10.3.7 Refresh the Password File............................................................................................. 10-17 10.3.8 Reset the TDE Master Encryption Key........................................................................ 10-17 10.4 Recovering Through the OPEN RESETLOGS Statement................................................. 10-17 10.5 Monitoring Primary, Physical Standby, and Snapshot Standby Databases.................. 10-18 10.5.1 Using Views to Monitor Primary, Physical, and Snapshot Standby Databases.... 10-19 10.5.1.1 V$DATABASE......................................................................................................... 10-20 10.5.1.2 V$MANAGED_STANDBY.................................................................................... 10-20 10.5.1.3 V$ARCHIVED_LOG............................................................................................... 10-20 10.5.1.4 V$LOG_HISTORY................................................................................................... 10-20 10.5.1.5 V$DATAGUARD_STATUS................................................................................... 10-21 10.5.1.6 V$ARCHIVE_DEST................................................................................................ 10-21 10.6 Tuning Redo Apply............................................................................................................... 10-21 10.7 Managing a Snapshot Standby Database........................................................................... 10-21 10.7.1 Converting a Physical Standby Database into a Snapshot Standby Database...... 10-22 10.7.2 Using a Snapshot Standby Database............................................................................ 10-22 10.7.3 Converting a Snapshot Standby Database into a Physical Standby Database...... 10-22 11 Managing a Logical Standby Database 11.1 Overview of the SQL Apply Architecture............................................................................ 11-1 11.1.1 Various Considerations for SQL Apply........................................................................ 11-3 11.1.1.1 Transaction Size Considerations............................................................................. 11-3 11.1.1.2 Pageout Considerations............................................................................................ 11-3 11.1.1.3 Restart Considerations.............................................................................................. 11-4 11.1.1.4 DML Apply Considerations..................................................................................... 11-4 11.1.1.5 DDL Apply Considerations..................................................................................... 11-4 11.1.1.6 Password Verification Functions............................................................................ 11-5 11.2 Controlling User Access to Tables in a Logical Standby Database................................... 11-6 11.3 Views Related to Managing and Monitoring a Logical Standby Database..................... 11-6 11.3.1 DBA_LOGSTDBY_EVENTS View................................................................................. 11-7 11.3.2 DBA_LOGSTDBY_LOG View........................................................................................ 11-7 11.3.3 V$DATAGUARD_STATS View..................................................................................... 11-8 11.3.4 V$LOGSTDBY_PROCESS View..................................................................................... 11-8 11.3.5 V$LOGSTDBY_PROGRESS View.................................................................................. 11-9 11.3.6 V$LOGSTDBY_STATE View........................................................................................ 11-11 11.3.7 V$LOGSTDBY_STATS View........................................................................................ 11-11 11.4 Monitoring a Logical Standby Database............................................................................ 11-12 11.4.1 Monitoring SQL Apply Progress.................................................................................. 11-12 11.4.2 Automatic Deletion of Log Files................................................................................... 11-14 vii 11.5 Customizing a Logical Standby Database.......................................................................... 11-15 11.5.1 Customizing Logging of Events in the DBA_LOGSTDBY_EVENTS View........... 11-16 11.5.2 Using DBMS_LOGSTDBY.SKIP to Prevent Changes to Specific Schema Objects 11-16 11.5.3 Setting up a Skip Handler for a DDL Statement........................................................ 11-17 11.5.4 Modifying a Logical Standby Database....................................................................... 11-18 11.5.4.1 Performing DDL on a Logical Standby Database............................................... 11-18 11.5.4.2 Modifying Tables That Are Not Maintained by SQL Apply............................ 11-19 11.5.5 Adding or Re-Creating Tables On a Logical Standby Database.............................. 11-20 11.6 Managing Specific Workloads In the Context of a Logical Standby Database............. 11-21 11.6.1 Importing a Transportable Tablespace to the Primary Database............................ 11-22 11.6.2 Using Materialized Views............................................................................................. 11-22 11.6.3 How Triggers and Constraints Are Handled on a Logical Standby Database...... 11-23 11.6.4 Using Triggers to Replicate Unsupported Tables...................................................... 11-23 11.6.5 Recovering Through the Point-in-Time Recovery Performed at the Primary....... 11-26 11.6.6 Running an Oracle Streams Capture Process on a Logical Standby Database...... 11-26 11.7 Using Extended Datatype Support During Replication................................................... 11-27 11.7.1 How EDS-Based Replication Works............................................................................ 11-28 11.7.2 Enabling EDS-Based Replication At a Logical Standby............................................ 11-28 11.7.3 Removing EDS-Based Replication From a Logical Standby.................................... 11-29 11.7.4 How EDS-Based Replication Handles Skip Rules..................................................... 11-29 11.7.5 How EDS-Based Replication Handles DDL .............................................................. 11-30 11.7.5.1 Enabling and Disabling Automatic DDL Handling........................................... 11-30 11.7.5.2 Manually Handling DDL....................................................................................... 11-30 11.8 Tuning a Logical Standby Database.................................................................................... 11-31 11.8.1 Create a Primary Key RELY Constraint...................................................................... 11-31 11.8.2 Gather Statistics for the Cost-Based Optimizer.......................................................... 11-32 11.8.3 Adjust the Number of Processes.................................................................................. 11-32 11.8.3.1 Adjusting the Number of APPLIER Processes.................................................... 11-33 11.8.3.2 Adjusting the Number of PREPARER Processes................................................ 11-34 11.8.4 Adjust the Memory Used for LCR Cache.................................................................... 11-35 11.8.5 Adjust How Transactions are Applied On the Logical Standby Database............ 11-35 11.9 Backup and Recovery in the Context of a Logical Standby Database............................ 11-36 12 Using RMAN to Back Up and Restore Files 12.1 About RMAN File Management in an Oracle Data Guard Configuration..................... 12-2 12.1.1 Interchangeability of Backups in an Oracle Data Guard Environment.................... 12-2 12.1.2 Association of Backups in an Oracle Data Guard Environment................................ 12-2 12.1.3 Accessibility of Backups in an Oracle Data Guard Environment.............................. 12-2 12.2 About RMAN Configuration in an Oracle Data Guard Environment............................. 12-3 12.3 Recommended RMAN and Oracle Database Configurations........................................... 12-3 12.3.1 Oracle Database Configurations on Primary and Standby Databases..................... 12-4 12.3.2 RMAN Configurations at the Primary Database......................................................... 12-5 12.3.3 RMAN Configurations at a Standby Database Where Backups are Performed..... 12-6 12.3.4 RMAN Configurations at a Standby Where Backups Are Not Performed.............. 12-6 12.4 Backup Procedures.................................................................................................................. 12-6 12.4.1 Using Disk as Cache for Tape Backups......................................................................... 12-7 12.4.1.1 Commands for Daily Tape Backups Using Disk as Cache.................................. 12-7 viii 12.4.1.2 Commands for Weekly Tape Backups Using Disk as Cache.............................. 12-8 12.4.2 Performing Backups Directly to Tape............................................................................ 12-9 12.4.2.1 Commands for Daily Backups Directly to Tape................................................... 12-9 12.4.2.2 Commands for Weekly Backups Directly to Tape................................................ 12-9 12.5 Registering and Unregistering Databases in an Oracle Data Guard Environment..... 12-10 12.6 Reporting in an Oracle Data Guard Environment............................................................ 12-10 12.7 Performing Backup Maintenance in an Oracle Data Guard Environment................... 12-10 12.7.1 Changing Metadata in the Recovery Catalog............................................................. 12-11 12.7.2 Deleting Archived Logs or Backups............................................................................ 12-12 12.7.3 Validating Recovery Catalog Metadata....................................................................... 12-12 12.8 Recovery Scenarios in an Oracle Data Guard Environment............................................ 12-12 12.8.1 Recovery from Loss of Files on the Primary or Standby Database......................... 12-13 12.8.2 Recovery from Loss of Online Redo Log Files........................................................... 12-13 12.8.3 Incomplete Recovery of the Primary Database.......................................................... 12-13 12.8.4 Actions Needed on Standby After TSPITR or Tablespace Plugin at Primary....... 12-14 12.9 Additional Backup Situations.............................................................................................. 12-15 12.9.1 Standby Databases Too Geographically Distant to Share Backups........................ 12-15 12.9.2 Standby Database Does Not Contain Data Files, Used as a FAL Server................ 12-16 12.9.3 Standby Database File Names Are Different From Primary Database................... 12-16 12.10 Restoring and Recovering Files Over the Network.......................................................... 12-16 12.11 RMAN Support for CDBs In an Oracle Data Guard Environment................................ 12-17 13 Using SQL Apply to Upgrade the Oracle Database 13.1 Benefits of a Rolling Upgrade Using SQL Apply................................................................ 13-1 13.2 Requirements to Perform a Rolling Upgrade Using SQL Apply...................................... 13-2 13.3 Figures and Conventions Used in the Upgrade Instructions............................................ 13-2 13.4 Performing a Rolling Upgrade By Creating a New Logical Standby Database............. 13-3 13.5 Performing a Rolling Upgrade With an Existing Logical Standby Database ................ 13-5 13.6 Performing a Rolling Upgrade With an Existing Physical Standby Database.............. 13-11 14 Using DBMS_ROLLING to Perform a Rolling Upgrade 14.1 Concepts New to Rolling Upgrades...................................................................................... 14-1 14.2 Overview of Using DBMS_ROLLING.................................................................................. 14-3 14.3 Planning a Rolling Upgrade................................................................................................... 14-4 14.4 Performing a Rolling Upgrade............................................................................................. 14-11 14.5 Monitoring a Rolling Upgrade............................................................................................. 14-13 14.6 Rolling Back a Rolling Upgrade........................................................................................... 14-14 14.7 Handling Role Changes That Occur During a Rolling Upgrade.................................... 14-14 14.8 Examples of Rolling Upgrades............................................................................................ 14-14 15 Oracle Data Guard Scenarios 15.1 Configuring Logical Standby Databases After a Failover................................................. 15-1 15.1.1 When the New Primary Database Was Formerly a Physical Standby Database.... 15-1 15.1.2 When the New Primary Database Was Formerly a Logical Standby Database...... 15-2 15.2 Converting a Failed Primary Into a Standby Database Using Flashback Database....... 15-3 15.2.1 Flashing Back a Failed Primary Database into a Physical Standby Database ........ 15-4 ix 15.2.2 Flashing Back a Failed Primary Database into a Logical Standby Database........... 15-5 15.2.3 Flashing Back a Logical Standby Database to a Specific Applied SCN.................... 15-6 15.3 Using Flashback Database After Issuing an Open Resetlogs Statement......................... 15-7 15.3.1 Flashing Back a Physical Standby Database to a Specific Point-in-Time................. 15-7 15.3.2 Flashing Back a Logical Standby Database to a Specific Point-in-Time................... 15-8 15.4 Recovering After the NOLOGGING Clause Is Specified.................................................. 15-9 15.4.1 Recovery Steps for Logical Standby Databases............................................................ 15-9 15.4.2 Recovery Steps for Physical Standby Databases.......................................................... 15-9 15.4.3 Determining If a Backup Is Required After Unrecoverable Operations................ 15-11 15.5 Creating a Standby Database That Uses OMF or Oracle ASM....................................... 15-11 15.6 Recovering From Lost-Write Errors on a Primary Database........................................... 15-13 15.7 Converting a Failed Primary into a Standby Database Using RMAN Backups........... 15-15 15.7.1 Converting a Failed Primary into a Physical Standby Using RMAN Backups..... 15-16 15.7.2 Converting a Failed Primary into a Logical Standby Using RMAN Backups....... 15-18 15.8 Changing the Character Set of a Primary Without Re-Creating Physical Standbys.... 15-19 15.9 Actions Needed On a Standby After a PDB PITR On a Primary.................................... 15-20 Part II Reference 16 Initialization Parameters 17 LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_n Parameter Attributes AFFIRM and NOAFFIRM....................................................................................................... 17-3 ALTERNATE............................................................................................................................ 17-4 COMPRESSION....................................................................................................................... 17-9 DB_UNIQUE_NAME ........................................................................................................... 17-10 DELAY..................................................................................................................................... 17-11 ENCRYPTION........................................................................................................................ 17-13 LOCATION and SERVICE................................................................................................... 17-14 MANDATORY....................................................................................................................... 17-16 MAX_CONNECTIONS......................................................................................................... 17-18 MAX_FAILURE...................................................................................................................... 17-19 NET_TIMEOUT ..................................................................................................................... 17-21 NOREGISTER......................................................................................................................... 17-22 REOPEN.................................................................................................................................. 17-23 SYNC and ASYNC................................................................................................................. 17-24 TEMPLATE............................................................................................................................. 17-25 VALID_FOR............................................................................................................................ 17-26 18 SQL Statements Relevant to Oracle Data Guard 18.1 ALTER DATABASE Statements............................................................................................ 18-1 18.2 ALTER SESSION Statements................................................................................................. 18-4 18.3 ALTER SYSTEM Statements.................................................................................................. 18-5 x