A O np dt reim a Lum a zz C ah ro etic to ande of E Ane nr dg ry ea S Toyst ffe om lo C Optimum Choice o n f ig u ra of Energy System t io n a n d S Configuration and t o r a g e s f Storages for a Proper o r a P r o p Match between e r M a t c h b Energy Conversion e t w e e n E and Demands n e r g y C o n v e r s Edited by io n a Andrea Lazzaretto and Andrea Toffolo n d D Printed Edition of the Special Issue Published in Energies e m a n d s www.mdpi.com/journal/energies Optimum Choice of Energy System Configuration and Storages for a Proper Match between Energy Conversion and Demands Optimum Choice of Energy System Configuration and Storages for a Proper Match between Energy Conversion and Demands SpecialIssueEditors AndreaLazzaretto AndreaToffolo MDPI•Basel•Beijing•Wuhan•Barcelona•Belgrade SpecialIssueEditors AndreaLazzaretto AndreaToffolo UniversityofPadova Lulea˚UniversityofTechnology Italy Sweden EditorialOffice MDPI St.Alban-Anlage66 4052Basel,Switzerland This is a reprint of articles from the Special Issue published online in the open access journal Energies (ISSN 1996-1073) 2019 (available at: https://www.mdpi.com/journal/energies/special issues/OptimumChoiceEnergySystemConfigurationStorages) Forcitationpurposes,citeeacharticleindependentlyasindicatedonthearticlepageonlineandas indicatedbelow: LastName,A.A.; LastName,B.B.; LastName,C.C.ArticleTitle. 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Contents AbouttheSpecialIssueEditors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii Preface to ”Optimum Choice of Energy System Configuration and Storages for a Proper MatchbetweenEnergyConversionandDemands”. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix AndreaLazzarettoandAndreaToffolo OptimumChoiceofEnergySystemConfigurationandStoragesforaProperMatchbetween EnergyConversionandDemands Reprintedfrom:Energies2019,12,3957,doi:10.3390/en12203957 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 LigangWang,ZhipingYang,ShivomSharma,AlbertoMian,Tzu-EnLin,GeorgeTsatsaronis, Franc¸oisMare´chalandYongpingYang A Review of Evaluation, Optimization and Synthesis of Energy Systems: Methodology andApplicationtoThermalPowerPlants† Reprintedfrom:Energies2019,12,73,doi:10.3390/en12010073 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Marke´ta Mikolajkova´-Alifov, Frank Pettersson, Margareta Bj¨orklund-Sa¨nkiahoa nd Henrik Saxe´n A Model of Optimal Gas Supply to a Set of Distributed Consumers Reprintedfrom:Energies2019,12,351,doi:10.3390/en12030351. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 ThomasGuewouo,LingaiLuo,DominiqueTarletandMohandTazerout IdentificationofOptimalParametersforaSmall-ScaleCompressed-AirEnergyStorageSystem UsingRealCodedGeneticAlgorithm Reprintedfrom:Energies2019,12,377,doi:10.3390/en12030377. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 Fumi Harahap, Sylvain Leduc, Sennai Mesfun, Dilip Khatiwada, Florian Kraxner and SemidaSilveira OpportunitiestoOptimizethePalmOilSupplyChaininSumatra,Indonesia Reprintedfrom:Energies2019,12,420,doi:10.3390/en12030420. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 LuciaMargheritiniandJensPeterKofoed WeptosWaveEnergyConverterstoCovertheEnergyNeedsofaSmallIsland Reprintedfrom:Energies2019,12,423,doi:10.3390/en12030423. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 KosukeSeki,KeisukeTakeshitaandYoshiharuAmano Development of Complex Energy Systems with Absorption Technology by Combining ElementaryProcesses Reprintedfrom:Energies2019,12,495,doi:10.3390/en12030495. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160 ThomasT.D.TranandAmandaD.Smith StochasticOptimizationforIntegrationofRenewableEnergyTechnologiesinDistrictEnergy SystemsforCost-EffectiveUse Reprintedfrom:Energies2019,12,533,doi:10.3390/en12030533. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180 JoseR.Vargas-Jaramillo,JhonA.Montanez-BarreraMichaelR.vonSpakovsky,LamineMili andSergioCano-Andrade Effects of Producer and Transmission Reliability on the Sustainability Assessment of Power SystemNetworks Reprintedfrom:Energies2019,12,546,doi:10.3390/en12030546. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206 v DanieleFiaschi,GiampaoloManfrida,KarolinaPetelaandLorenzoTalluri Thermo-Electric Energy Storage with Solar Heat Integration: Exergy and Exergo-EconomicAnalysis Reprintedfrom:Energies2019,12,648,doi:10.3390/en12040648. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227 LucaUrbanucci,FrancescoD’EttorreandDanieleTesti A Comprehensive Methodology for the Integrated Optimal Sizing and Operation of CogenerationSystemswithThermalEnergyStorage Reprintedfrom:Energies2019,12,875,doi:10.3390/en12050875. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248 GeorgeN.Sakalis,GeorgeJ.TzortzisandChristosA.Frangopoulos Intertemporal Static and Dynamic Optimization of Synthesis, Design, and Operation of IntegratedEnergySystemsofShips Reprintedfrom:Energies2019,12,893,doi:10.3390/en12050893. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265 SergioRech Smart Energy Systems: Guidelines for Modelling and Optimizing a Fleet of Units of DifferentConfigurations Reprintedfrom:Energies2019,12,1320,doi:10.3390/en12071320 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315 vi About the Special Issue Editors AndreaLazzaretto(Professor), Ph.D., isprofessorofEnergySystemsattheUniversityofPadova, Italy.HestudiedatthesameUniversity,wherehegottheMasterinMechanicalEngineeringin1986, andthePh.D.inEnergyEngineeringin1992afteraresearchperiodattheTennesseeTechnological University. Theresearchactivitiesmainlyfocusonexergoeconomics,andsimulation,optimization andexperimentaltestsofenergysystemsandcomponents. HeisFellowoftheAmericanSociety ofMechanicalEngineers,whereheheldseveralpositionsofresponsibility,andispresentlyAwards and Honors chair of the Executive Committee of the Advanced Energy System Division. He is winneroftheASMEEdwardF.ObertAwardintheyears1998,2007and2018foroutstandingpapers on Thermodynamics and Applied Thermodynamics. He has been Associate editor of the Journal ofEnergyResourcesTechnologiesfrom2006to2016, memberoftheeditorialcommitteesofother internationaljournalsandmemberofthescientificcommitteeoftheInternationalConferenceECOS since2005. Heisauthororco-authorofmorethan220papers, mostlypublishedininternational journalsorconferenceproceedings. AndreaToffolo,Ph.D.,hasbeenProfessorinEnergyEngineeringattheDivisionofEnergyScience, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Lulea˚ University of Technology (Sweden), since 2011. He studied at the University of Padova (Italy), where he obtained his Master in Mechanical Engineering in 1996 and Ph.D. in Energy Engineering in 2003, subsequently serving as a Post-Doc and then Research Fellow at the Department of Mechanical Engineering of the sameuniversity(2003–2011). Hismainresearchactivityisinthedevelopmentandapplicationof advanced artificial intelligence techniques (evolutionary algorithms, neural networks, fuzzy logic, expert systems) to solve optimization problems for the synthesis/design of energy conversion systemsandtheirintegrationwithindustrialprocesses. Otherresearchinterestsarerelatedtothe modeling,performanceanalysis,anddiagnosisofmalfunctionincomplexenergysystems.Heisthe winneroftheASMEEdwardF.ObertAwardintheyears2007and2018foroutstandingpaperson ThermodynamicsandAppliedThermodynamics. Heisauthororco-authorofmorethan90papers publishedininternationaljournalsandconferenceproceedings. vii Preface to ”Optimum Choice of Energy System Configuration and Storages for a Proper Match between Energy Conversion and Demands” Every sector of human activity, domestic, industrial, transportation, etc., requires energy in the different forms of electricity, heat, cooling, fuels, etc. However, each sector has the common need to match properly the generation of energy from the available sources with the users’ demands. Traditional fossil sources can be easily stored to supply the energy in the desired form at any time it is required by the users. Renewable sources such as the Sun or wind are instead available depending on the meteorological conditions, and need to be stored properly after the conversion in the desired form to satisfy always the users’ demand. In both cases, the search for a proper match between the available sources and users’ demands requires a correct choice of type, number and size of the energy conversion and storage units. This is the topic of this Special Issue, which is certainly crucial for the development of a more sustainable and “smarter” society where the overall consumption of resources, costs and environmental impact are minimized. AndreaLazzaretto,AndreaToffolo SpecialIssueEditors ix