O P T I C A L I M A G I N G D E V I C E S New Technologies and Applications Devices, Circuits, and Systems Series Editor Krzysztof Iniewski CMOS Emerging Technologies Research Inc., Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada PUBLISHED TITLES: Atomic Nanoscale Technology in the Nuclear Industry Taeho Woo Biological and Medical Sensor Technologies Krzysztof Iniewski Building Sensor Networks: From Design to Applications Ioanis Nikolaidis and Krzysztof Iniewski Circuits at the Nanoscale: Communications, Imaging, and Sensing Krzysztof Iniewski CMOS: Front-End Electronics for Radiation Sensors Angelo Rivetti Design of 3D Integrated Circuits and Systems Rohit Sharma Electrical Solitons: Theory, Design, and Applications David Ricketts and Donhee Ham Electronics for Radiation Detection Krzysztof Iniewski Embedded and Networking Systems: Design, Software, and Implementation Gul N. Khan and Krzysztof Iniewski Energy Harvesting with Functional Materials and Microsystems Madhu Bhaskaran, Sharath Sriram, and Krzysztof Iniewski Graphene, Carbon Nanotubes, and Nanostuctures: Techniques and Applications James E. Morris and Krzysztof Iniewski High-Speed Devices and Circuits with THz Applications Jung Han Choi High-Speed Photonics Interconnects Lukas Chrostowski and Krzysztof Iniewski High Frequency Communication and Sensing: Traveling-Wave Techniques Ahmet Tekin and Ahmed Emira PUBLISHED TITLES: Integrated Microsystems: Electronics, Photonics, and Biotechnology Krzysztof Iniewski Integrated Power Devices and TCAD Simulation Yue Fu, Zhanming Li, Wai Tung Ng, and Johnny K.O. Sin Internet Networks: Wired, Wireless, and Optical Technologies Krzysztof Iniewski Labs on Chip: Principles, Design, and Technology Eugenio Iannone Laser-Based Optical Detection of Explosives Paul M. Pellegrino, Ellen L. Holthoff, and Mikella E. Farrell Low Power Emerging Wireless Technologies Reza Mahmoudi and Krzysztof Iniewski Medical Imaging: Technology and Applications Troy Farncombe and Krzysztof Iniewski Metallic Spintronic Devices Xiaobin Wang MEMS: Fundamental Technology and Applications Vikas Choudhary and Krzysztof Iniewski Micro- and Nanoelectronics: Emerging Device Challenges and Solutions Tomasz Brozek Microfluidics and Nanotechnology: Biosensing to the Single Molecule Limit Eric Lagally MIMO Power Line Communications: Narrow and Broadband Standards, EMC, and Advanced Processing Lars Torsten Berger, Andreas Schwager, Pascal Pagani, and Daniel Schneider Mobile Point-of-Care Monitors and Diagnostic Device Design Walter Karlen Nano-Semiconductors: Devices and Technology Krzysztof Iniewski Nanoelectronic Device Applications Handbook James E. Morris and Krzysztof Iniewski Nanopatterning and Nanoscale Devices for Biological Applications Šeila Selimovic´ Nanoplasmonics: Advanced Device Applications James W. M. Chon and Krzysztof Iniewski Nanoscale Semiconductor Memories: Technology and Applications Santosh K. Kurinec and Krzysztof Iniewski Novel Advances in Microsystems Technologies and Their Applications Laurent A. Francis and Krzysztof Iniewski PUBLISHED TITLES: Optical, Acoustic, Magnetic, and Mechanical Sensor Technologies Krzysztof Iniewski Optical Fiber Sensors: Advanced Techniques and Applications Ginu Rajan Optical Imaging Devices: New Technologies and Applications Dongsoo Kim and Ajit Khosla Organic Solar Cells: Materials, Devices, Interfaces, and Modeling Qiquan Qiao Radiation Effects in Semiconductors Krzysztof Iniewski Semiconductor Radiation Detection Systems Krzysztof Iniewski Smart Grids: Clouds, Communications, Open Source, and Automation David Bakken Smart Sensors for Industrial Applications Krzysztof Iniewski Soft Errors: From Particles to Circuits Jean-Luc Autran and Daniela Munteanu Solid-State Radiation Detectors: Technology and Applications Salah Awadalla Technologies for Smart Sensors and Sensor Fusion Kevin Yallup and Krzysztof Iniewski Telecommunication Networks Eugenio Iannone Testing for Small-Delay Defects in Nanoscale CMOS Integrated Circuits Sandeep K. Goel and Krishnendu Chakrabarty VLSI: Circuits for Emerging Applications Tomasz Wojcicki Wireless Technologies: Circuits, Systems, and Devices Krzysztof Iniewski Wireless Transceiver Circuits: System Perspectives and Design Aspects Woogeun Rhee FORTHCOMING TITLES: Advances in Imaging and Sensing Shuo Tang, Dileepan Joseph, and Krzysztof Iniewski Analog Electronics for Radiation Detection Renato Turchetta FORTHCOMING TITLES: Cell and Material Interface: Advances in Tissue Engineering, Biosensor, Implant, and Imaging Technologies Nihal Engin Vrana Circuits and Systems for Security and Privacy Farhana Sheikh and Leonel Sousa CMOS Time-Mode Circuits and Systems: Fundamentals and Applications Fei Yuan Electrostatic Discharge Protection of Semiconductor Devices and Integrated Circuits Juin J. Liou Gallium Nitride (GaN): Physics, Devices, and Technology Farid Medjdoub and Krzysztof Iniewski Ionizing Radiation Effects in Electronics: From Memories to Imagers Marta Bagatin and Simone Gerardin Mixed-Signal Circuits Thomas Noulis and Mani Soma Magnetic Sensors: Technologies and Applications Simone Gambini and Kirill Poletkin MRI: Physics, Image Reconstruction, and Analysis Angshul Majumdar and Rabab Ward Multisensor Data Fusion: From Algorithm and Architecture Design to Applications Hassen Fourati Nanoelectronics: Devices, Circuits, and Systems Nikos Konofaos Nanomaterials: A Guide to Fabrication and Applications Gordon Harling, Krzysztof Iniewski, and Sivashankar Krishnamoorthy Physical Design for 3D Integrated Circuits Aida Todri-Sanial and Chuan Seng Tan Power Management Integrated Circuits and Technologies Mona M. Hella and Patrick Mercier Radiation Detectors for Medical Imaging Jan S. Iwanczyk Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design Sebastian Magierowski Reconfigurable Logic: Architecture, Tools, and Applications Pierre-Emmanuel Gaillardon Silicon on Insulator System Design Bastien Giraud FORTHCOMING TITLES: Structural Health Monitoring of Composite Structures Using Fiber Optic Methods Ginu Rajan and Gangadhara Prusty Terahertz Sensing and Imaging: Technology and Devices Daryoosh Saeedkia and Wojciech Knap Tunable RF Components and Circuits: Applications in Mobile Handsets Jeffrey L. Hilbert Wireless Medical Systems and Algorithms: Design and Applications Pietro Salvo and Miguel Hernandez-Silveira O P T I C A L I M A G I N G D E V I C E S New Technologies and Applications EDITED BY AJIT KHOSLA UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY, ALBERTA, CA LAB177 INC., ONTARIO, CA DONGSOO KIM SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS, SUWON, KOREA KRZYSZTOF INIEWSKI MANAGING EDITOR CMOS EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES RESEARCH INC. 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Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at http://www.taylorandfrancis.com and the CRC Press Web site at http://www.crcpress.com Contents Preface.......................................................................................................................xi Editors ....................................................................................................................xiii Contributors .............................................................................................................xv Chapter 1 Thin-Film Sensors Integrated in Information Displays .......................1 Mutsumi Kimura Chapter 2 Analytical Use of Easily Accessible Optoelectronic Devices: Colorimetric Approaches Focused on Oxygen Quantification ..........27 Jinseok Heo and Chang-Soo Kim Chapter 3 Increasing Projector Contrast and Brightness through Light Redirection .........................................................................................49 Reynald Hoskinson and Boris Stoeber Chapter 4 Vision-Aided Automated Vibrometry for Remote Audio, Visual, and Range Sensing .................................................................65 Tao Wang and Zhigang Zhu Chapter 5 High-Speed Fluorescence Imaging System for Freely Moving Animals ..............................................................................................85 Joon Hyuk Park Chapter 6 ToF Cameras for Eye-in-Hand Robotics ..........................................117 G. Alenyà, S. Foix, and C. Torras Chapter 7 Smart Eye-Tracking Sensors Based on Pixel-Level Image Processing Circuits ...........................................................................149 Dongsoo Kim Chapter 8 Laser Doppler Velocimetry Technology for Integration and Directional Discrimination ..............................................................189 Koichi Maru and Yusaku Fujii ix x Contents Chapter 9 Differential Photosensors for Optical Wireless Communication and Location Technologies ...............................................................207 Xian Jin, Ahmed Arafa, Blago A. Hristovski, Richard Klukas, and Jonathan F. Holzman Index ......................................................................................................................235