OPPORTUNITIES in Physician Careers This page intentionally left blank. OPPORTUNITIES in Physician Careers REVISED EDITION J S -W AN UGAR EBB Copyright © 2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher. 0-07-146652-5 The material in this eBook also appears in the print version of this title: 0-07-143848-3. All trademarks are trademarks of their respective owners. Rather than put a trademark symbol after every occurrence of a trademarked name, we use names in an editorial fashion only, and to the benefit of the trademark owner, with no intention of infringement of the trademark. Where such designations appear in this book, they have been printed with initial caps. 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Under no circumstances shall McGraw-Hill and/or its licensors be liable for any indirect, incidental, special, punitive, consequential or similar damages that result from the use of or inability to use the work, even if any of them has been advised of the possibility of such damages. This limitation of liability shall apply to any claim or cause whatsoever whether such claim or cause arises in contract, tort or otherwise. DOI: 10.1036/0071466525 ������������ Want to learn more? We hope you enjoy this McGraw-Hill eBook! If you’d like more information about this book, its author, or related books and websites, please click here. For more information about this title, click here Contents Preface ix 1. Physicians: A Historical Perspective 1 Ancient Egyptians. Hippocrates and the influence of Greek medicine. The Renaissance. The seventeenth century—greater understanding. The eighteenth century—the beginning of prevention. The nineteenth century—the rise of modern medicine. The twentieth century—revolutionary progress. The future of medicine. 2. Education and Preparation 13 Preparing for medical school. Applying to medical school. Medical school today. v vi Contents 3. Residency Training 27 Residents, interns, and fellows. Location of residency programs. Specialization. Hours worked. Income during residency training. Board certification. New trends in graduate medical education. 4. Family Practice and General Internal Medicine 35 Family practice. Internal medicine. 5. Internal Medicine Subspecialties 41 Cardiovascular medicine. Endocrinology and metabolism. Gastroenterology. Hematology. Infectious disease. Medical oncology. Nephrology. Pulmonary medicine. Rheumatology. Other subspecialties. 6. Surgery and Surgical Specialties 53 General surgery. Colon and rectal surgery. Neurological surgery. Ophthalmology. Orthopaedic surgery. Otolaryngology. Plastic surgery. Thoracic surgery. Urology. 7. Other Specialties 65 Pediatrics. Obstetrics and gynecology. Anesthesiology. Nuclear medicine. Medical genetics. Allergy and immunology. Dermatology. Emergency medicine. Neurology. Pathology. Physical medicine and rehabilitation. Preventive medicine. Psychiatry. Radiology. Contents vii 8. Medicine in the Twenty-First Century 85 Job outlook. Alternative medicine. Patients’ rights. Conclusion. Appendix A: Medical Schools in the United States and Canada 91 Appendix B: Combined Degree Programs 123 Appendix C: Specialty Boards 137 This page intentionally left blank.