244 12SDNAsequenceofAlopecosabarbipes ROBERTS,M.J.1993:AppendixtoThespidersofGreatBritainand & T. J. White (eds.), PCR protocols: a guide to methods and Ireland.Colchester,HarleyBooks. applications:315–322.SanDiego,AcademicPress. STRATTON, G. E. 1991: A new species of wolf spider, Schizocosa YANG, Z. 1994: Maximum likelihood phylogenetic estimation from stridulans(Araneae,Lycosidae).J.Arachnol.19:29–39. DNA sequences with variable rates over sites: approximate SWOFFORD, D. L. 2001: PAUP*: phylogenetic analysis using methods.J.mol.Evol.39:306–314. parsimony (and other methods), version 4.0b5. Sunderland, ZEHETHOFER, K. & STURMBAUER, C. 1998: Phylogenetic Massachusetts,SinauerAssociates. relationships of Central European wolf spiders (Araneae: WHITE,T.J.,BRUNS,T.,LEE,S.&TAYLOR,J.1990:Amplifi- Lycosidae)inferredfrom12SribosomalDNAsequences.Mol. cation and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes phylogenet.Evol.10:391–398. forphylogenetics.InM.A.Innis,D.H.Gelfand,J.J.Sninsky Bull.Br.arachnol.Soc.(2002)12(5),244–248 Opopaea fosuma, n. sp. from Sumatra, Indonesia Diagnosis: Males of Opopaea fosuma, n. sp. are (Araneae, Oonopidae) separated from those of most other Opopaea species by the structure of the palp. The cymbium and bulb are Matthias Burger, Wolfgang Nentwig only partly fused in O. fosuma, n. sp. whereas they are ZoologicalInstitute,UniversityofBern, completely fused in most other Opopaea species, and Baltzerstrasse6,CH-3012Bern,Switzerland the embolus is long and slender in O. fosuma, n. sp. The species is similar to the Micronesian O. foveolata and Roewer, 1963, where, according to the original description, the cymbium and bulb of the male palp Christian Kropf are also only partly fused (Roewer, 1963: fig. 6g). NaturalHistoryMuseum, Males of O. fosuma, n. sp. differ from those of Bernastrasse15,CH-3005Bern, O. foveolata, however, by their long and slender Switzerland embolus, whereas it is rather short and blunt in O. foveolata. Summary Male: Measurements (n=1): Prosoma length 0.59, width0.48,height0.23.Opisthosomalength0.67,width Anewspeciesofoonopid,Opopaeafosuma,isdescribed from both sexes collected in the Kerinci Seblat National 0.42, height 0.41. Appendages: ParkinCentralSumatra.Possiblerelationshipswithother speciesofOpopaeaandthestructuresofthefemalegenitalia Fe Pa Ti Mt Ta Total andtheembolusarediscussed. LegI 0.37 0.23 0.26 0.20 0.15 1.21 LegII 0.32 0.20 0.22 0.19 0.15 1.08 LegIII 0.29 0.15 0.16 0.17 0.15 0.92 Introduction LegIV 0.41 0.22 0.30 0.26 0.20 1.39 Palp 0.12 0.16 0.06 — 0.16 0.50 The oonopid genus Opopaea was described by Simon in 1891. The male palp of the type species, Colour (alcohol-preserved material): Prosoma and O. deserticola, is notable for a characteristically chelicerae orange; legs and palps light orange. enlarged patella (Simon, 1891). The following descrip- Opisthosoma:ventralscutumorange;dorsalscutumand tion of an Indonesian species of the genus Opopaea sclerite that partially surrounds spinnerets light orange; is based on material collected in the Kerinci Seblat spinnerets pale yellow; soft areas white. Carapace: National Park in Central Sumatra and provided for Ovoid; narrowed in eye region (Fig. 1), slightly ascend- description by Dr C. Deeleman. All measurements are ing behind PME, then almost horizontal and posterior in mm. 1/3 steeply descending (Fig. 2). Tiny hairs forming U-shaped band; three areas of tubercles near lateral borders; additional hair-bearing tubercles along lateral Opopaea fosuma Burger, n. sp. (Figs. 1–24) borders, some in posterior area (Fig. 1). Eyes: Six; Types: Male holotype, Kerinci Seblat National Park, almost circular, with roughly same diameter; AME 800m a.s.l., Central Sumatra, Indonesia, 21–30 July lacking;eyegroupoccupiesslightlymorethan1/2width 1988, leaf litter, Suh. Djojosudharmo leg., deposited in of head; posterior row slightly recurved (Fig. 1); PME NMBE (Natural History Museum, Bern, Switzerland). almostcontiguous;ALEseparatedfromPMEandfrom Paratypes, leg. Suh. Djojosudharmo at type locality: PLE by 1/2 and from each other by one diam. of ALE; 1X 2Y (NMBE), 2X 2Y (Coll. Deeleman, Ossendrecht, PLEseparatedfromPMEby1/2diam.ofPLE(Fig.3). The Netherlands). Exact position and size of eyes somewhat variable. Etymology: The specific name is an abbreviation of Clypeus (Fig. 3): Two diam. of ALE high; slightly ‘‘found in Sumatra’’. extended between chelicerae in middle. Sternum and M.Burger,W.Nentwig&C.Kropf 245 pleurae(Fig.4):Sternumlongerthanwide;coveredwith depression in middle (Fig. 4). Chelicerae: Basal segment short hairs and numerous tiny depressions; separates 0.25mm long, 0.12mm wide; teeth and denticles lack- coxae IV by more than their diameter; pleurae ing; anterior inner margin with distal hairs (Fig. 5); sclerotised, fused with carapace and sternum. Labium: posterior inner margin with thin membrane and Trapezoid,longerthanwide;fusedwithsternum;round sclerotised ridges (Fig. 6); plumose setae on distal inner Figs.1–9: Opopaeafosuma,n.sp.,male.1Prosoma,dorsalview,onlysomehairsshown;2Ditto,lateralview;3Ditto,anteriorview,chelicerae artificiallydisplaced;4Prosoma,ventralview,onlysomehairsshown;5Chelicerae,anteriorview,ultrastructureofplumosehairsnot shown;6Ditto,posteriorview;7Rightpalp,prolateralview,ultrastructureofplumosehairsnotshown(arrowheads=trichobothria);8 Ditto,retrolateralview(arrow=furrow;arrowhead=tinyhairsoncymbium);9Tipofleftembolus,prolateralview.Scalelines=0.2mm (1–4),0.1mm(5–8),0.02mm(9). 246 Opopaeafosuma,n.sp. margin, most distal one longest; fangs long (0.10mm Fig. 19); anterior pair of spinnerets with largest measured from base to tip). Palp: Femur short; patella diameter, median pair thinnest; colulus with two enlarged, ovoid; tibia tiny, nodiform, with three tri- bristles. chobothriadorsally(Fig.7,arrowheads);cymbiumlong, Female: Generally larger than male. Only differences slender, with numerous tiny hairs at distal end (Fig. 8, from male described. Measurements (n=1): Prosoma arrowhead), only partly fused with bulb. Palpal bulb: length0.64,width0.53,height0.28.Opisthosomalength Long, oval, continuing into slender embolus (Fig. 8) 0.87, width 0.54, height 0.51. Appendages: withcomplextip(Fig.9);strikingfurrowatdistalendof Fe Pa Ti Mt Ta Total bulb (Fig. 8, arrow). Legs: IV–I–II–III; without spines; femur club-shaped; patella large; tibia with three tri- LegI 0.42 0.28 0.29 0.22 0.16 1.37 chobothria dorsally, metatarsus with one trichobo- LegII 0.38 0.24 0.27 0.22 0.16 1.27 LegIII 0.35 0.17 0.20 0.21 0.16 1.09 thrium near distal end (Figs. 10, 11, arrowheads); two LegIV 0.48 0.24 0.35 0.30 0.19 1.56 serrated tarsal claws. Opisthosoma: Ovoid; large scutum Palp 0.13 0.11 0.07 — 0.13 0.44 coveringdorsalsurface;slightlysmallerscutumcovering ventral surface, anteriorly surrounding pedicel (Fig. 12, Carapace (Figs. 15, 24): Almost circular. Palp: Femur only hairs in genital region figured, other hairs as in slightlythickened;tibiawiththreetrichobothriadorsally female, see Fig. 19); scuta close together anteriorly but (Fig. 16, arrowheads); claws absent. Legs (Figs. 17, 18): separate further posteriorly (Fig. 13); two pairs of oval Longer than in male. Opisthosoma: Ventral scutum openings, anterior pair leading to small book lungs, separated by epigastric furrow into anterior plate posterior pair leading into tracheae and connected surroundingpedicel,andposteriorplatecoveringventer by internal transverse sclerite; two pairs of sclerites to near sclerite that partially surrounds spinnerets shining through ventral scutum (Figs. 12, 14), directed (Fig.19);lateraldistancebetweentwoscutaoftenwider backwards and originating at two pairs of oval than in male (Fig. 20). Vulva: Spermatheca longish openings; sclerite partially surrounding spinnerets and (Figs. 21–23); anterior pair of oval openings connected anal tubercle on ventral side with single row of bristles by internal transverse sclerite; two roundish structures (Fig. 12, hairs on sclerite not shown but compare (Fig. 21, arrowheads) and short transverse sclerite Figs. 10–14: Opopaea fosuma, n. sp., male. 10 Leg I, prolateral view (arrowheads=trichobothria); 11 Leg IV, prolateral view (arrowheads=trichobothria);12Opisthosoma,ventralview,hairsshownonlyingenitalregion;13Ditto,lateralview,hairsomitted; 14Genitalregion,dorsalview.Scalelines=0.2mm(10–13),0.1mm(14). M.Burger,W.Nentwig&C.Kropf 247 Figs.15–24: Opopaeafosuma,n.sp.,female.15Prosoma,dorsalview,onlysomehairsshown;16Ditto,lateralview(arrowheads=trichobothria); 17 Leg I, prolateral view (arrowheads=trichobothria); 18 Leg IV, prolateral view (arrowheads=trichobothria); 19 Opisthosoma, ventral view, spinnerets artificially displaced; 20 Ditto, lateral view, hairs omitted; 21 Vulva, dorsal view (arrow=sclerite bearing nail-likestructure;arrowheads=roundishstructures);22Partofvulva,dorsalview;23Ditto,moreventralview;24Prosoma,anterior view,onlysomehairsshown.Scalelines=0.2mm(15–20,24),0.1mm(21),0.05mm(22,23). 248 Opopaeafosuma,n.sp. bearing nail-like structure (Fig. 21, arrow) shining corresponding vulvae are often also tiny and lead through ventral scutum. directly into the receptacula. Sometimes there are Ecology: Inhabiting the leaf litter of tropical rain additional glandular regions (Wiehle, 1960). forest. In some Opopaea species (e.g. O. cornuta), the emboli aretinyandhardlyvisible.Accordingtothedescription of Wiehle, such emboli could be considered as Discussion ‘‘Anschluss-Emboli’’.Ontheotherhand,theembolusof Brignoli(1978)discussedthecuriousinternalgenitalia O. fosuma, n. sp. is relatively long and slender (see incertainHaplogynaewithasinglemedianspermatheca Figs. 7, 8) and looks more like an ‘‘Einstoss-Embolus’’ and complex accessory structures, and mentioned that afterWiehle.Consideringthestructureofthevulva(see the Dysderoidea show ‘‘unconventional’’ vulvae. Figs. 19, 21), it seems that the introduction duct leads Some structures of the female genitalia observed in directly into the spermatheca, which is typical for an O. fosuma, n. sp. may be characteristic for the genus ‘‘Anschluss-Embolus’’ after Wiehle. Thus the embolus Opopaea. The function of the short transverse sclerite of O. fosuma, n. sp. cannot be attributed with certainty bearing a nail-like structure (see Fig. 21, arrow) is tooneofthefunctionaltypesdescribedbyWiehle(1960, unknown. Perhaps it serves as a muscle attachment and 1967). thespiderisabletoreleasespermbypressingthe‘‘nail’’ into its spermatheca (this possible mechanism is under investigation at present). A similar sclerite was also Acknowledgement observed by us in the Hawaiian O. lena Suman, 1965 We are most grateful to Dr C. Deeleman and in O. cf. cornuta Yin & Wang, 1984. Other species (Ossendrecht, The Netherlands) for providing the were not investigated. spiders for description. Wiehle(1960,1967)describedthevarietyofemboliof male palps. He divided the emboli into three functional groups: the ‘‘Einstoss-Emboli’’, the ‘‘Einführungs- References Emboli’’andthe‘‘Anschluss-Emboli’’.Accordingtohis description,the‘‘Einstoss-Emboli’’aremostlyshortand BRIGNOLI,P.M.1978:Someremarksontherelationshipsbetween the Haplogynae, the Semientelegynae and the Cribellatae chitinised. The ‘‘Einführungs-Emboli’’ are long and (Araneae).Symp.zool.Soc.Lond.42:285–292. slender and may even look like a thread. The introduc- ROEWER,C.F.1963:Araneina:Orthognatha,Labidognatha.Insects tionductsofthecorrespondingvulvaeareclearlyvisible; Micronesia3(4):104–132. their course is either simple or there are several turns SIMON,E.1891:OnthespidersoftheIslandofSt.Vincent.PartI. and their course is rather complex. In contrast, the Proc.zool.Soc.Lond.1891:549–575. WIEHLE, H. 1960: Der Embolus des männlichen Spinnentasters. ‘‘Anschluss-Emboli’’ are tiny and pointed. Sometimes Verh.dt.zool.Ges.Bonn/Rhein1960:457–480. they are hardly visible and therefore easily confused WIEHLE, H. 1967: Steckengebliebene Emboli in den Vulven von with the conductor. The introduction ducts of the Spinnen(Arach.,Araneae).Senckenberg.biol.48:197–202.