Ophthalmic Oncology M.D.ANDERSONSOLIDTUMORONCOLOGY SERIES SeriesEditor:RaphaelE.Pollock,M.D.,Ph.D. PUBLISHEDVOLUMES LiverCancer EditedbySTEVENA.CURLEY,M.D. BreastCancer EditedbyS.EVASINGLETARY,M.D. PancreaticCancer EditedbyDOUGLASB.EVANS,M.D.,PETERW.T.PISTERS,M.D., andJAMESL.ABBRUZZESE,M.D. Bita Esmaeli Editor Ophthalmic Oncology 123 Editor BitaEsmaeli TheUniversityofTexas M.D.AndersonCancerCenter SectionofOphthalmology DepartmentofHeadandNeckSurgery Houston,TX77030,USA [email protected] SeriesEditor RaphaelE.Pollock TheUniversityofTexas M.D.AndersonCancerCenter Houston,TX,USA ISBN978-1-4419-0373-0 e-ISBN978-1-4419-0374-7 DOI10.1007/978-1-4419-0374-7 SpringerNewYorkDordrechtHeidelbergLondon LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2010934256 ©SpringerScience+BusinessMedia,LLC2011 Allrightsreserved.Thisworkmaynotbetranslatedorcopiedinwholeorinpartwithoutthewritten permission of the publisher (Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY10013,USA),exceptforbriefexcerptsinconnectionwithreviewsorscholarlyanalysis.Usein connectionwithanyformofinformationstorageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware, orbysimilarordissimilarmethodologynowknownorhereafterdevelopedisforbidden. Theuseinthispublicationoftradenames,trademarks,servicemarks,andsimilarterms,eveniftheyare notidentifiedassuch,isnottobetakenasanexpressionofopinionastowhetherornottheyaresubject toproprietaryrights. Whiletheadviceandinformationinthisbookarebelievedtobetrueandaccurateatthedateofgoing to press, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for anyerrorsoromissionsthatmaybemade.Thepublishermakesnowarranty,expressorimplied,with respecttothematerialcontainedherein. Printedonacid-freepaper SpringerispartofSpringerScience+BusinessMedia(www.springer.com) Preface A little over a decade ago, I had the privilege of helping to establish the first full-time ophthalmic oncology service based at a Comprehensive Cancer Center in the United States. Our Ophthalmic Oncology Service at The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center has grown to include 4 subspecialty areas of ophthalmology: orbital oncology/oculoplastic surgery, ocular oncology, ocular surface diseases, and neuro-ophthalmology. Ophthalmic Oncology grew from fac- ulty’s unique experiences and observations in their ophthalmology subspecialty areas at M.D. Anderson. The book highlights the unique aspects of ophthalmic oncologyasasurgicalandmedicaldisciplinepracticedataComprehensiveCancer Center. The multidisciplinary management of ocular, orbital, and ocular adnexal (eyelid, conjunctival, and periocular soft tissues) cancers is emphasized, as well as the current recommendations and practices at our institution. In addition, ocu- lar conditions caused as a direct result of cancer treatment are reviewed using illustrativephotographsandcasepresentations.Theauthorsincludeophthalmology facultymembers,currentandformerM.D.Andersonfellows,andexpertsincom- plementary disciplines such as radiation oncology, dermatopathology, ophthalmic pathology,radiology,plasticsurgery,andothersurgicalsubspecialties. With an abundance of clinical photographs, clinicians will be able to correctly diagnosecancersoftheorbit,eye,andocularadnexalstructures. I appreciate the contributions of each of the authors who took time out of their busyschedulestomeetthedeadlinesforthisproject.Iparticularlythankmythree ophthalmologycolleaguesatM.D.Anderson,Dr.DanGombos,Dr.StellaKim,and Dr.JadeSchiffman,whonotonlyhavehelpedputtogethersomeofthesectionsin this book as section editors and authors but also because of their unique contribu- tionstothegrowthofourprograminOphthalmicOncologyatM.D.Anderson.My specialgratitudegoestoStephanieDemingandSueMoreaufromtheDepartment ofScientificPublicationsatM.D.Andersonfortheirtirelesslonghoursofediting forthisbook.IalsowouldliketothankDr.RaphaelPollockfortheopportunityto organizeandleadthiseffortandtheprivilegetoeditthisbookintheM.D.Anderson SolidTumorOncologySeries.Finally,Iamgratefulforthesupportprovidedbythe dedicatedstaffatSpringer—StacyLazar,MaureenTobin,andLauraWalsh. BitaEsmaeli Houston,Texas v Contents PartI OrbitalandAdnexalOncology SectionEditor:BitaEsmaeli 1 PrimaryOrbitalCancersinAdults . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 RomanShinderandBitaEsmaeli 2 NonmalignantTumorsoftheOrbit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 EricM.HinkandVikramDurairaj 3 PediatricOrbitalTumors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 JonathanJ.DuttonandGeorgeK.Escaravage 4 MultidisciplinaryManagementofOrbitalRhabdomyosarcoma . . 61 WinstonW.HuhandAnitaMahajan 5 MetastaticOrbitalTumors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 SyedMehdiAhmadandBitaEsmaeli 6 Secondary Orbital Tumors Extending from Ocular orPeriorbitalStructures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 RomanShinderandBitaEsmaeli 7 LacrimalGlandTumors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 BrentHayekandBitaEsmaeli 8 Optic Nerve Sheath Fenestration in Cancer Patients: IndicationsandSurgicalTechnique . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 ThomasE.Johnson 9 ManagementofPrimaryEyelidCancers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 AaronSavarandBitaEsmaeli 10 ManagementofConjunctivalNeoplasms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127 StellaK.Kim,DanS.Gombos,andBitaEsmaeli 11 SurgicalSpecimenHandlingforConjunctival andEyelidTumors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139 SheriL.DeMartelaere,FrankW.Scribbick,andDoinaIvan vii viii Contents 12 NeuroradiologyofOcularandOrbitalTumors . . . . . . . . . . . 149 J.MatthewDebnam 13 RadiationTherapyforOrbitalandAdnexalTumors . . . . . . . . 169 StevenJ.FrankandAnitaMahajan PartII IntraocularTumors SectionEditor:DanS.Gombos 14 Multidisciplinary Management of Retinoblastoma: Diagnosis,Treatment,andFutureDirection . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179 MaurizioL.Ghisoli,PeterE.Zage,CindyHerzog,Patty Chevez-Barrios,MuraliChintagumpala,RichardL.Hurwitz, AnitaMahajan,andDanS.Gombos 15 ManagementofUvealMelanoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201 MichelleLudwig,AdamS.Garden,MichelleD.Williams, andDanS.Gombos 16 UvealMetastasesfromSolidTumors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215 GerardoD.CamorianoandDanS.Gombos 17 VascularTumorsofthePosteriorPole . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223 DanS.Gombos PartIII OculoplasticandPeriocularReconstructiveSurgery inCancerPatients SectionEditor:BitaEsmaeli 18 ReconstructiveSurgeryforEyelidDefects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231 RomanShinderandBitaEsmaeli 19 Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction andLacrimal Surgery inCancerPatients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243 AaronSavarandBitaEsmaeli 20 EyelidMalposition:UniqueScenariosinCancerPatients . . . . . 251 AaronSavarandBitaEsmaeli 21 CraniofacialSurgeryintheOrbitandPeriorbitalRegion . . . . . 259 DominickGolio 22 Enucleation,Evisceration,OrbitalImplants, andManagementoftheIrradiatedSocket . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275 MiguelGonzalez-CandialandAaronSavar 23 Orbital Exenteration and Rehabilitation oftheExenteratedSocket . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285 AdamHsuandMatthewM.Hanasono Contents ix 24 Periorbital Surgical Rehabilitation After Facial NerveParalysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295 HeatherChang,MehryarTaban,andTanujNakra 25 Psychosocial Aspects of Orbitofacial Disfigurement inCancerPatients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311 AlessandroBonannoandJinYoungChoi PartIV OcularSideEffectsofCancerTherapy SectionEditor:BitaEsmaeli 26 LacrimalandCanalicularToxicity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321 M.AmirAhmadiandBitaEsmaeli 27 OrbitalandPeriorbitalSideEffectsofChemotherapy . . . . . . . 327 JohnD.Ng 28 OcularandOrbitalInfectionsintheImmunocompromised CancerPatient . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339 VietH.HoandHaoH.Ho PartV Neuro-ophthalmicManifestationsofCancer SectionEditor:JadeS.Schiffman 29 CranialNerveIII,IV,andVIPalsiesintheCancerPatient . . . . . 355 MeghanS.FlemmonsandJadeS.Schiffman 30 SkullBaseTumors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363 AnithaRaghunathandJadeS.Schiffman 31 OpticNervePathwayGliomasandOpticNerveMeningiomas . . . 383 SonaliSinghandJadeS.Schiffman 32 LeptomeningealDisease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395 GerardoD.Camoriano,AnithaRaghunath, andJadeS.Schiffman 33 ParaneoplasticVisualSyndromes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 407 AnithaRaghunathandJadeS.Schiffman 34 Neurofibromatosis:TumorsoftheOpticPathway . . . . . . . . . . 419 JohnM.SlopisandJadeS.Schiffman 35 OtherOpticNerveMaladiesinCancerPatients . . . . . . . . . . . 433 JadeS.Schiffman,AnithaRaghunath,andRosaAnaTang PartVI Common Vitreoretinal Conditions inCancerPatients SectionEditor:BernardF.Godley x Contents 36 ManagementofEndogenousEndophthalmitis . . . . . . . . . . . . 449 KapilG.Kapoor,GibranS.Khurshid,GarvinH.Davis, andBernardF.Godley 37 ViralRetinitisintheCancerPatient . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 459 GibranS.Khurshid,GarvinH.Davis,KapilG.Kapoor, andBernardF.Godley 38 DiagnosticVitrectomyandtheCancerPatient:Special Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 471 GarvinH.Davis,GibranS.Khurshid,KapilG.Kapoor, andBernardF.Godley 39 IntraocularLymphoma:CurrentTherapyandFutureTrends . . . 485 ChristopherJ.Calvano,StellaK.Kim,andDanS.Gombos Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 491