Revue suisse deZoologie 108 (3): 463-481; septembre 2001 On the separation ofSitticus ranieri Peckham & Peckham and S. saxicola (C. L. Koch) (Araneae, Salticidae) Torbjörn KRONESTEDT1 & Dmitri V. LOGUNOV2 1 Department ofEntomology, Swedish Museum ofNatural History, Box 50007, SE-104 05 Stockholm, Sweden. E-mail: [email protected] 2SiberianZoological Museum, Institute forSystematics and Ecology ofAnimals, Russian Academy ofSciences, Frunze street 11, Novosibirsk 630091, Russia. Present address: DepartmentofZoology, ManchesterMuseum, Oxford Road, ManchesterM13 9PL, UK. E-mail: [email protected] On the separation of Sitticus ranieri Peckham & Peckham and S. saxicola (C. L. Koch) (Araneae, Salticidae). - Sitticus ranieri Peckham & Peckham and S. saxicola (C. L. Koch) constitute a close group of species due to the morphology of their copulatory organs. Re-examination of specimens previously identified as Sitticus saxicola from Fennoscandia has revealed that they belong to S. ranieri. Redescriptions with illustrations ofboth species are provided. S. saxicola has a disjunct distribution, occur- ring in mainly montane areas in the central parts of Europe and on the Balkan peninsula, as well as in the Russian Far-East (known from Sakha- lin). S. ranieri shows a wide, hypoarcto-boreal distribution throughout northern Europe and Siberia, extending into North America. North Ame- rican males of S. ranieri from southern British Columbia, Washington, Oregon, and Wyoming differ from those examined from other parts of the range (northern Palaearctic, Alaska, Yukon, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Colorado) by having slightly different proportions of the bulbus and by lacking a streak of white hairs between the anterior median eyes. Reasons are given for presently not taking these differences into nomenclatorial account. Key-words: Araneae - Salticidae - Sitticus - taxonomy - Holarctic. INTRODUCTION Within the jumping spider genus Sitticus C. L. Koch, S. ranieri Peckham & Peckham, 1909 and S. saxicola (C. L. Koch, 1846) constitute a morphologically close species pairin the Holarctic region. Both were redescribed by Prószyhski (1971b), the former under the name S. lineolatus (Grube, 1861). Re-examination of old material, as well as access to new material, have shown that S. ranieri has previously been misidentified as S. saxicola in northern Europe. In this paper, diagnostic charac- teristics ofthe two species are given togetherwithcomments on theirdistribution. Manuscriptaccepted07.03.2001 464 T- KRONESTEDT& D. V. LOGUNOV S. saxicola was originally described on material from Bavaria, Germany. The species is mainly montane in Continental Europe. It has recently also been found in the Far East of Russia (Marusik et al, 1992). The presence of a seemingly disjunct European occurrence of this species in northern Fennoscandia was announced by Holm (1931), followed by Palmgren (1943), Tullgren (1944, 1952), Holm (1950), Hackman (1951), and Granström (1979). The illustration of an epigyne attributed to S. saxicola by Tullgren (1952), drawn from a female collected in Swedish Lapland, however, rather appears to show an epigyne ofS. ranieri. Examination ofthe corres- ponding specimen confirmed this assumption. Re-examination of other Fennoscan- dian specimens attributedto S. saxicolarevealed thatthey all hadbeen misidentified. Sitticus ranieri was for a long time known as a Nearctic species until Prószyhski (1971a,b) synonymized it with Sitticus lineolatus (Grube, 1861). The iden- tity ofAttus lineolatus Grube was disclosed by Prószyhski (1971a,b) after examina- tion ofthe holotype. A. lineolatus was transferred to Sitticus and the Nearctic Sitticus ranieri Peckham & Peckham and 5. haydeni Levi & Levi were placed under S. lineolatus asjunior synonyms (Prószyhski, 1971a, b), as was S. mazamae Schenkel (Prószyhski, 1971b). However, S. lineolatus is an invalid name because Attus lineo- latus Grube, 1861 is a primary homonym of Attus lineolatus Sundevall, 1833 (Platnick, 1993) [the latter now in synonymy with Salticus cingulatus (Panzer)], and must therefore be replaced by the next oldest available name, S. ranieri (Platnick, 1993). Examination ofthe holotype and other material identified as S. ranieri, as well as the holotype ofS. haydeni, revealed slight differences from the holotype and other material identified as S. lineolatus in the male sex. We have, however, been unable to morphologically distinguish females ofthe American morph (for which S. ranieri was described) from the Siberian morph (for which S. lineolatus was described). At present we regard the two morphs as conspecific. Further investigations may well reveal that they differ at the species level. If so, Icius daisetsuzanus Saito, 1934 (described from Mt. Daisetsu on Hokkaido in Japan; no material from Japan has hitherto been available to us) may be conspecific with the Siberian morph (see Saito, 1934: pi. 12 fig. 13, pi. 14 fig. 51) and no replacement name required forS. lineolatus sensu Grube. DEPOSITORIES AMNH American MuseumofNatural History,NewYork,NY, USA(N. I. Platnick) CNBW Collectionof NationalparkBayerischerWald, Grafenau, Germany CNC CanadianCollectionofInsectsandArachnids, Ottawa, Canada (C. D. Dondale) CTh CollectionofK. Thaler, UniversityofInnsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria IBPN InstituteforBiological ProblemsoftheNorth, Magadan, Russia(Y. M. Marusik) ISEN Siberian Zoological Museum of the Institute for Systematics and Ecology of Animals, Novosibirsk, Russia(D. V. Logunov) MCZ Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA (L. Leibensperger) NHMB NaturhistorischesMuseum, Basel, Switzerland(A. Hänggi) NHRS SwedishMuseumofNatural History, Stockholm, Sweden (T. Kronestedt) RBCM RoyalBritishColumbiaMuseum. Victoria, B. C,Canada(T. Steigenberger) ZMHU Zoological MuseumofHelsinki University, Helsinki, Finland(J. Terhivuo) ZMUU Zoological MuseumofUppsalaUniversity, Uppsala, Sweden(T. Jaenson) ZMWU Zoological MuseumofWroclawUniversity,Wroclaw, Poland(W. Wesolowska) UWBM BurkeMuseum, University ofWashington, Seattle,WA, USA(R. Crawford) SITTICUSRANIERIANDS. SAXICOLA 465 ABBREVIATIONS INTHETEXT ALE = anteriorlateral eyes AME = anteriormedianeyes ap = apical d = dorsal Fm = femur I,II,etc. = referringtofirstleg, secondleg,etc L = length Mt = metatarsus PLE = posteriorlateraleyes pr = prolateral Pt = patella = rt retrolateral Tb = tibia Tr = tarsus V = ventral Forthelegspinationthe systemadopted is thatusedby Ono (1988). Measurements aregivenin millimetres. Sitticus ranieri Peckham & Peckham, 1909 Figs 1, 2, 4, 5, 8-10, 14, 16, 17, 18-20 Attus lineolatus Grube, 1861: 175 (S) (name permanently invalid, preoccupied by Attus lineolatus Sundevall, 1833, replaced by Sitticus ranieri in Platnick, 1993). Holotype fromRussia, Yakutia: VilyuyRiverinZMWU, examined. Bonnet 1955: 802. Sitticuslineolatus; Prószyfiski, 1971a: 223, figs37-39(<?); 1971b: 192, figs 2, 14-21 (<?)22-30 (9);Chikuni, 1989: 150,277, fig. 19 (c? 9). Sittacus ranieri Peckham & Peckham, 1909: 520, pi. 43, fig. 5a-c (c?9) ["Sittacus" is an incorrect subsequent spelling ofSitticus Simon, 1901 (ICZN Article 33.3)]. Lectotype examined (seebelow). Sitticus ranieri; Roewer, 1954: 1251; Platnick, 1993: 812, 1998: 939, www; Proszyhski, www. Sitticus ranierinusBonnet, 1958: 4081 [unjustifiedemendation(ICZNArticle33.2.3)]. Sitticus saxicola (misidentification); Palmgren, 1943: 23, fig. 22 (o* 9); Tullgren, 1944: 32, pi. 2figs37, 38 (3 only), 1952: 151, fig. 1 (9). Sitticus haydeniLevi & Levi, 1951: 232, figs. 36, 45, 46 (cT). Holotype examined (see below). Roewer, 1954: 1251. Sitticus mazamae Schenkel, 1951: 45, fig. 45 (9). Holotype from USA: Oregon, Crater Lake, in NHMB,notexamined(figs24&29inProszyhski, 1971b). Roewer, 1954: 1251. Comments To us, Prószyriski's (1971a,b) synonymization ofSitticus ranieri with S. lineo- latus sensu Grube is not unambiguously warranted but needs further investigation. When compared with S. lineolatus sensu Grube, the male type specimen ofS. ranieri [examined by Prószyfiski (1971b) and erroneously called "holotype" instead oflecto- type], as well as other males examined by us (listed under American morph below), & differ in certain proportions (cf. Figs 1 2 and Fig. 24). Moreover, the bulbus in the Siberian morph (S. lineolatus sensu Grube) is distally somewhat more tapering and exhibits a more or less pronounced shallow concavity prolaterally (see arrow in inset of Fig. 24). Maybe most significant is the presence of streaks of white hairs, one between the AMEs, continuing a short distance backwards, and one on each side between AME and ALE. These are characteristic in males ofthe Siberian morph, but absent (or hardly traceable) in the males examined and listed under the American 466 T. KRONESTEDT& D. V. LOGUNOV TableI DifferencesbetweenSitticusranieriandS. saxicola Sitticusranieri S. saxicola Males Carapace: details in colour Siberianmorph: AMEs "Eyebrow" (aroundupperhalf patternandpilosityof surroundedby whitehairs, ofeach AME)withnumerous cephalicpart inupperpart("eyebrows") whiteandorangescales additionally withblackhairs; closetotheeyerim, three shortlongitudinal blackhairsoutsideofthem. patchesofwhitehairs atthe front: one in the median line betweenAMEsandoneabove each ALE(Fig. 16) (thelatter maybe indistinct) Americanmorph: median longitudinal stripeatthefront ofcarapace absent(Fig. 17). LegIlength Comparatively short(Fig. 14; Comparativelylong cf. Fig. 25 forTb); slight (Fig. 15; cf. Fig. 25forTb); sexual dimorphism striking sexualdimorphism [TbIL/TbIVL: 66(Siberian [TbIL/TbIVL: morph)0.54-0.60(N=ll), 66 0.76-0.84(N=10); (American morph)0.55-0.60 9 9 0.53-0.55 (N=5)] (N=10); 9 9 (fromthearea inhabitedbythe Siberian morph) 0.46-0.48 (N=5)] Palpal segments Pt,Tbandcymbiumdusky Pt,Tbandcymbium brownishand withdarkhairs; lightbrownish; Ptand distal partofblackishbrown Tbwithwhitishhairs Fmwithpatchofwhitehairs (longestlaterally onTb), dorso-prolaterally cymbium withwhitishhairs inproximalhalf, darkonesin distal part Retrolateraltibial Evenly curved, sharply pointed: Moreorless straight, apophysis in ventral view tipdirectedforwards (Fig. 10) protrudingoutwards-forwards atanoblique angle; distalmostpartoftip slightly benttowardscymbium and (in lateral view, notshown here) upwards (dorsad) (Fig. 13) Dorsodistal protrusionof Slightly convexon Distinctlyconcaveon palpal tibia prolateral side (arrow), tip prolateral side{arrow), rounded(Fig. 8) tip more setoff(Fig. 11) Females Carapace Facedensely furnishedwith Face with appressedwhite white hairs; withoutorange andorangehairs hairs Abdomen Withoutorangehairs With scatteredorangehairs Epigyne Edges ofopeningsto Edges ofopeningsto copulatoryductsrelatively copulatoryductsrelatively straightandconvergingat rounded (epigynalatrium anacute angle(epigynal atrium moreorlesspear-shaped) V-shaped) (Figs 18 & 19) (Figs21 &22) Spermathecae Copulatory ductscomparatively Copulatoryducts long (Fig. 20) comparativelyshort(Fig. 23) SITTICUSRANIERIANDS. SAXICOLA 467 morph below (cf. Figs 16 & 17). The remark on North American salticids by Crawford (1988: 34) is applicable in this case:"...the potential exists in this family for numerous species with similargenitalia, which differ in colorand other sexual display characters." We could not morphologically distinguish females of the Siberian and American morphs. Further research, including studies of courtship behaviour and DNA, isrequiredto throw furtherlighton the possible distinctness ofthe two morphs. Diagnosis. See Table I. Description MALE (Siberian morph) (Russia: Chita Area). Measurements. Carapace 2.32 long, 1.83 wide, 1.19 high at PLE. Ocular area 1.10 long, 1.38 wide anteriorly and 1.40 posteriorly. Diameter of AME 1.41. Abdomen 2.23 long, 1.83 wide. Cheliceral length 0.68. Clypeal height 0.23. Lengthofleg segments: Fm Pt Tb Mt Tr Total I 1.25 0.68 0.70 0.75 0.48 3.86 nm 1.15 0.65 0.60 0.63 0.45 3.48 1.18 0.58 0.63 0.75 0.48 3.62 IV 1.88 0.75 1.28 1.18 0.60 5.69 Leg spination. Leg I: Fm d 0-1-1-4; Pt pr and rt 0-1-0; Tb pr 1-2, rt 1-0, v 1-1- 2ap; Mt pr and rt 1-1, v 2-2ap. Leg II: Fm d 0-1-1-4; Pt pr and rt 0-1-0; Tb pr 1-1, rt 1-0, v l-l-2ap; Mtpr and rt 1-1, v 2-2ap. Leg III: Fm d 0-1-1-4; Ptpr and rt0-1-0; Tb d 1-0, pr and rt 1-1-1, v l-2ap; Mt pr and rt l-l-2ap, v 2-2ap. Leg IV: Fm d 0-1-1-5; Pt pr and rt 0-1-0; Tb d 1-1, pr and rt 1-1-1, v l-0-2ap; Mt d 1-0, pr and rt l-l-2ap, v 2ap. Coloration. Carapace dark to blackish brown. Eye field black, with a short median longitudinal stripe of white hairs from between AMEs rearwards and with a more orless distinctly markedelongated spot ofwhite hairs behindeach ALE. Spotof white hairs in midline between PLEs. Clypeus medium to blackish brown, with white hairs. Sternum and chelicerae dark brown. Maxillae and labium dark brown, with yellow apices. Abdomen: dorsum dark grey-brown, with a pair of light spots (some- times poorly marked); sides brownish yellow, with inclined, dark brownish grey lines; venter light to yellowish grey. Book-lung covers and spinnerets grey, with yellowish tinge. All legs yellowish to median brown, with numerous dark to blackish brown stains and rings; coxae lighter (yellowish to brownish grey); leg I: see Fig. 14. Palp mediumto blackishbrown. Palp. Structure as in Figs 1, 4, 5, shape oftibia as illustrated in Figs 8-10 (see alsoTable I). MALE (American morph) (USA: Washington, Pierce Co., Mt. Rainier Nat. Park). Measurements. Carapace 2.20 long, 1.60 wide, 1.13 high at PLE. Ocular area AME 1.05 long, 1.28 wide anteriorly and 1.30 posteriorly. Diameter of 0.38. Abdo- men 2.13 long, 1.75 wide. Cheliceral length 0.60. Clypeal height 0.20. Length ofleg segments: 468 T. KRONESTEDT& D. V. LOGUNOV o u U co "rt S S c >n .2 Vui .. r2 <cu ~us CCC/dJ) 3 ^; *- cd tS<a e>d mcd •Ì3 1>3 ^H c cd E £ m Ti > (7 ——, T- <T c CJ >u Öa io O-oi —c,^m (1) cd £ OJ (U p — SITTICUSRANIERIANDS. SAXICOLA 469 3 Pi 3 DÌ c/3 g tu e •q -eo c3 3 E E -t _ d Cesd- lUà o e > &,*;u S 13 u 0,00 e« .5 E 15 hj CO 470 T- KRONESTEDT& D. V. LOGUNOV Fm Pt Tb Mt Tr Total I 1.15 0.54 0.70 0.60 0.55 3.54 II 1.10 0.58 0.60 0.63 0.45 3.36 ni 1.15 0.55 0.60 0.73 0.50 3.53 IV 1.78 0.65 1.33 1.20 0.60 5.56 Leg spination. Leg I: Fm d 0-1-1-4; Pt pr 0-1-0; Tb pr 1-1-1, it 1-0, v l-2-2ap; Mtpr 1-lap, rt lap, v 2-2ap. Leg II: Fm d 0-1-1-3; Pt pr and rt0-1-0; Tb pr 1-1, d and it 1-0, v l-l-2ap; Mt pr and rt 1-lap, v 2-2ap. Leg III: Fm d 0-1-1-5; Pt pr and rt0-1- 0; Tb d 1-1-0, pr and rt 1-1-1, v 2ap; Mt d 1-0, pr and rt l-2ap, v 2-2ap. Leg IV: Fm d 1-0-1-5; Pt pr and rt 0-1-0; Tb d 0-1-0, pr and it 1-2-1, v l-0-2ap; Mt d 0-1-0, pr and it 1-lap, v 2-2ap. Coloration. Carapace medium to dark brown, withblackradial veins. Eye field black, covered with black hairs (numerous appressed and, more frontally, scattered long erect ones). Spot of white hairs in midline between PLEs. Clypeus brown, covered with thin light hairs. Sternum, maxillae, labium and chelicerae brown, with light yellow apices. Abdomen: dorsum dark grey-brown, with a pair ofrounded white spots in the posterior half; venter greyish to yellowish brown. Book-lung covers yellowish brown. Spinnerets yellowish to greyish brown. All legs yellowish to medium brown, dorsally usually darker (brown); coxae, at least III and IV, light (yellowish). Palp medium to darkbrown. Palp. Structure as in Fig. 2 (see alsoTable I). FEMALE (USA: Washington, Pend Oreille Co.). Measurements. Carapace 2.52 long, 2.18 wide, 1.40 high at PLE. Ocular area 1.30 long, 1.63 wide anteriorly and 1.63 posteriorly. Diameter of AME 0.45. Abdomen 4.00 long, 3.50 wide. Cheliceral length 0.75. Clypeal height0.23. Length ofleg segments: Fm Pt Tb Mt Tr Total I 1.35 0.85 0.75 0.70 0.48 4.13 II 1.28 0.80 0.70 0.65 0.50 3.93 III 1.40 0.63 0.78 0.80 0.60 4.21 IV 2.40 0.95 1.66 1.48 0.65 7.14 Legspination. Leg I: Fm d 0-1-1-2; Tb pr 1-1, v l-2-2ap; Mtpr 1-lap, v 2-2ap. Leg II: Fmd 0-1-1-4; Tb pr 1-1, v l-l-2ap; Mtpr 1-lap, v 2-2ap. Leg III: Fm d 0-1-1- 4; Pt pr and rt 0-1-0; Tb pr 1-1-1, it and v 1-0; Mt pr and rt l-l-2ap, v 2-2ap. Leg IV: Fm d 1-1-3; Pt pr and rt 0-1-0; Tb d 1-1-0, pr and it 1-1-1, v l-0-2ap; Mt pr and rt 1- l-2ap, v 2ap. Coloration. Carapace brown, with numerous black veins, covered with white appressed hairs. Eye field black, covered with black hairs. Short median stripe of white hairs between PLEs continuing into thin white median line in thoracic part. Clypeus brown, densely covered with white hairs. Maxillae and labium brown, with white apices. Sternum and chelicerae brown. Abdomen: dorsum grey-brown, with one pair of smaller oblique white spots in anterior half followed by one pair of larger oblique white patches at about the middle and by a few light chevron-like markings SITTICUSRANIERIANDS. SAXICOLA 471 Figs 8-13 Left male palpal tibia, dorsal (8, 11) andretrolateral view (9, 12), tibial apophysis only, ventral view (10, 13). - 8-10. Sitticus ranieri (Siberian morph) (Sweden). - 11-13. S. saxicola (Italy). Arrowspointatdifferencesbetweenthetwo species. Scalelines: 0.1 mm. Figs 14, 15 Right leg I of male, retrolateral view. - 14. Sitticus ranieri (Siberian morph) (Sweden). 15. 5. saxicola (Italy). Scalelines: 0.5 mm. posteriorly, all forming a pale median band in some specimens; sides yellowish, with inclined white stripes; venter yellowish. Book-lung covers and spinnerets grey, with a brownish to yellowish tinge. All legs yellow-brown, with pale brownish grey rings; coxae lighter (yellowish). Palp yellow-brown, tarsus somewhat darker. Epigyne and spermathecae as in Figs 18-20. 472 T. KRONESTEDT& D. V. LOGUNOV Figs 16, 17 Male ofSitticus ranieri, seen from in front. - 16. Siberian morph (Saskatchewan: BlackLake). - 17. American morph (BritishColumbia: Bridal Lake). Material examined Siberian morph (corresponding toS. lineolatus sensu Grube, 1861). SWEDEN. Tome Lappmark: Tuopti, 21 June 1928, Id (À. Holm, ZMUU); Kârsavagge, 580 m asl, 5-15 July 1976, IS (Â. Holm, ZMUU); Abisko National Park. Mt. Nuolja, 650 m asl, 29June 1977, 1 ? (À. Holm, ZMUU); Abisko, SW ofAbisko Östra, pitfall traps, 10-17 June 1978, 2c? 15, 24 June-2July 1978, 2d (À. Holm. ZMUU): Kebnekaise, Aug. 1944, 19 (S. Österling, NHRS).- FINLAND. Lapponia inarensis: Inari, 1908 (T. Itkonen, ZMHU), Id. - RUSSIA. ChitaArea: Kyra Distr., Sokhondo Reserve, ca. 1700 m asl, mountain moss-lichen bog with Benda nana, 11 June 1991, 2d (D. V. Logunov, ISEN). Chukotka: Amguema River basin, km 174 on the road Egvekinot-Iultin, 19 June 1989, 8d (+2 subad.d) (Y. M. Marusik, ISEN). Krasnoyarsk Territory: W part ofKryzhyna Mt. Range, ca. 40 km NE ofCheremshanka, 1400-1800 m asl, mountain tundra, 7-12 July 2000 (R. Dudko, ISEN). Magadan Area: Solnechnyi village (environs ofMagadan), understones, 20June 1987. 1 9 (Y. M. Marusik, ISEN); Upperreaches ofKolymaR., 61°40"N 147°30E, summer 1987,2d 29 (S. Bukhkalo, ISEN); BabushkinaBay (ca. 125 km E of Magadan), summer 1995, Id (K. Regel, IBPN). Murmansk Area: Kola pKehneinmsuDlias,tr7..k2m0SkmofNMoWncohfegKohroslk',-OJouznheu-Avuiglluasgte.1K9a94n,ga3id-Ky1r9y(MMt..,Koczal.o2v1,0I0SEmN)a.sl,Tumvoau:ntTaeisn- tundra, 9 July 1989, Id (D. V. Logunov, ISEN). Yakutia: "Wilui"(=Vilyuy River), Id (Maak,