On the occurrence of the arrowhead dogfish, Deania profundorum (Chondrichthyes: Squalidae) off southern Portugal, with a missing gill slit by Rui Coelho & Karim eRzini (1) RÉSUMÉ. - Signalement d’un Deania profundorum (Chon- drichthyes : Squalidae) capturé dans le sud du Portugal, avec absen- ce d’une fente branchiale. Dans ce travail, nous rapportons la capture d’un chien de mer pointe de flèche, Deania profundorum (Smith & Radcliffe, 1912), dans les eaux portugaises méridionales. le spécimen, une grande femelle mature de 87,5 cm de longueur totale, n’avait que quatre fentes branchiales du côté droit, sans présenter de cicatrice à l’en- droit où la cinquième fente aurait dû se situer. Des mesures compa- ratives entre les tailles des fentes branchiales gauches et droites amènent à conclure que la fente manquante est probablement la première. Key words. - Chondrichthyes - Squalidae - Deania profundorum - Ane - Southern Portugal - Gill slit deformation - Record. The arrowhead dogfish, Deania profundorum (Smith & Radc- liffe, 1912), is a squalid shark characterized by a greatly elongated snout, that is spatulate dorsal-ventrally and thin-depressed laterally (Compagno, 1984). This is a widely distributed species found on Figure 1. - Map of the southwest coast of Portugal with location of the cap- both sides of the Atlantic, from the Western Sahara to South Africa ture () of the Deania profundorum specimen. [Carte de la côte sud-ouest and from north Carolina to the Gulf of Mexico, as well as the lesser du Portugal, indiquant le lieu de capture () du spécimen de Deania pro- Antilles (Compagno et al., 1989), Cape Verde (Reiner, 1996), fundorum.] Azores (Santos et al., 1997) and the Canary islands (Brito et al., 2002). it has also been reported from the Western indian and West- taken following Compagno (1984). Some additional meristic char- ern Pacific (Philippines) oceans (Compagno, 1998). This deepwater acterics, such as the number of intestinal turns and the crown length dogfish is found on or near the bottom at depths from 275 to 1785 of the dermal denticles were also recorded. The sex was determined m (Compagno, 1984). This aplacental viviparous shark feeds on and, after dissection, the maturity stage determined macroscopical- small benthic and midwater bony fishes, including lanternfish, as ly according to the maturity stages for aplacental viviparous sharks well as squids and crustaceans (Compagno, 1984). (Stehmann, 2002). Some previous studies have reported deformities in elasmo- branchs, especially skeletal deformities (Capapé and Pantoustier, 1975; officer et al., 1995; heupel et al., 1999), morphological RESULTS deformities in fins (Capapé and Pantoustier, 1975; Brahim and Capapé, 1997; Barrull et al., 2002) and tooth deformities (Becker et The specimen was a large female of 87.5 cm total length, al., 2000). weighing 2.42 kg (Fig. 2). It was identified on the basis of diagnos- here, we report the northernmost extension of the Deania pro- tic features given by Compagno (1984): presence of a subcaudal fundorum in the eastern Atlantic, and the lack of a gill slit in this keel on the underside of the caudal peduncle, which distinguishes specimen with only four gill slits on one side of the head. this species from the others in the genus Deania Jordan & Snyder, 1902; and distance from the origin of the first dorsal spine to the first dorsal fin free rear tip (145 mm) only slightly greater than the MATERIAL AND METHODS distance from the free rear tip to the second dorsal spine (143 mm). The specimen also had small dermal denticles, with an average The specimen was captured by a commercial deep-water long- crown length of 0.21 mm (standard deviation = 0.06 mm, range = liner targeting wreckfish, Polyprion americanus (Bloch & Sch- 0.15 to 0.36 mm, sample = 20 denticles), concordant with the value neider, 1801) and european conger, Conger conger (linnaeus, of 0.25 mm presented for this species by Compagno (1984). The 1758), on 9 February 2004, 16 nautical miles southwest of Cape morphometric and meristic characters are presented in table i. São Vicente, at a depth of approximately 530 m (Fig. 1). This specimen presented 5 gill slits on the left side and only 4 The specimen was taken to the University of the Algarve labo- on the right side of the head (Fig. 3). Table ii presents the morpho- ratory (FCMA/DP/01/2004), where most of the measurements were metric characteristics of the gill slits on both sides of the head. (1) Universidade do Algarve, CCMAR-FCMA, Campus de Gambelas, 8000 Faro, PoRTUGAl. [[email protected]] Cybium 2006, 30(1): 93-96. Occurrence of Deania profundorum off southern Portugal Coelho & erzini Figure 2. - Photograph of the Deania pro- fundorum specimen captured along the Por- tuguese south coast. Scale bar = 20 cm. [Photographie du spécimen de Deania pro- fundorum capturé dans le sud du Portugal. Barre d’échelle = 20 cm.] Table i. - Morphometric and meristic characterization of the Deania profundorum specimen. “Abs. Val.” = absolute values in mm; “Rel. Val.” = relative val- ues as a percentage of Tl. All values are in mm except TW (in g) and intestinal turns (absolute value). Measurements with an asterisk (*) have a precision of 0.01 mm and all others a precision of 1 mm. TW has a precision of 1 g. [Données morphométriques et méristiques pour le spécimen de Deania profundorum. “Abs. Val.” = valeurs absolues en mm ; “Rel. Val.” = valeurs relatives, en pourcentage de LT. Toutes les valeurs sont en mm, excepté TW (en g) et le nombre de tours intestinaux (valeur absolue). Les mesures avec un astérisque (*) ont une précision de 0,01 mm, toutes les autres une précision de 1 mm. Pour TW la précision est de 1 g.] Rel. Val. Rel. Val. Abs. Val. Abs. Val. (%Tl) (%Tl) Tl (total length) 875.00 CTl (terminal caudal-fin lobe) 56.00 6.40 Fl (fork length) 795.00 90.86 D1l (first dorsal-fin length) 310.00 35.43 PCl (precaudal-fin length) 735.00 84.00 D1A (first dorsal-fin anterior margin) 205.00 23.43 PD2 (pre-second dorsal-fin length) 630.00 72.00 D1B (first dorsal-fin base) 245.00 28.00 PD1 (pre-first dorsal-fin length) 225.00 25.71 D1h (first dorsal-fin height) 45.00 5.14 hDl (head length) 225.00 25.71 D1i (first dorsal-fin inner margin) 63.00 7.20 PG1 (prebranchial length) 180.00 20.57 D1P (first dorsal-fin posterior margin) 110.00 12.57 PSP (prespiracular length) 135.00 15.43 D2l (second dorsal-fin length) 141.00 16.11 PoD (preorbital length) 84.00 9.60 D2A (second dorsal-fin anterior margin) 89.00 10.17 PP1 (prepectoral-fin length) 225.00 25.71 D2B (second dorsal-fin base) 108.00 12.34 PP2 (prepelvic-fin length) 560.00 64.00 D2h (second dorsal-fin height) 58.00 6.63 SVl (snout-vent length) 610.00 69.71 D2i (second dorsal-fin inner margin) 34.00 3.89 iDS (interdorsal space) 175.00 20.00 D2P (second dorsal-fin posterior margin) 91.00 10.40 DCS (dorsal caudal-fin space)* 24.00 2.74 P2l (pelvic-fin length) 95.00 10.86 PPS (pectoral-fin pelvic-fin space) 320.00 36.57 P2A (pelvic-fin anterior margin) 67.00 7.66 PCA (pelvic-fin caudal-fin space) 125.00 14.29 P2B (pelvic-fin base) 61.00 6.97 VCl (vent caudal-fin length) 115.00 13.14 P2h (pelvic-fin height) 45.00 5.14 PRn (prenarial length)* 44.46 5.08 P2i (pelvic-fin inner margin) 52.00 5.94 PoR (preoral length)* 118.04 13.49 P2P (pelvic-fin posterior margin) 49.00 5.60 eYl (eye length)* 35.16 4.02 CPh (caudal-fin peduncle height) 30.00 3.43 eYh (eye height)* 17.39 1.99 Mol (mouth length)* 9.65 1.10 P1A (pectoral-fin anterior margin) 100.00 11.43 MoW (mouth width)* 53.81 6.15 P1B (pectoral-fin base) 55.00 6.29 UlA (upper labial furrow length)* 21.64 2.47 P1i (pectoral-fin inner margin) 66.00 7.54 llA (lower labial furrow length)* 17.49 2.00 P1P (pectoral-fin posterior margin) 56.00 6.40 noW (nostril width)* 12.91 1.48 P1h (pectoral-fin height) 103.00 11.77 inW (internarial space)* 33.56 3.84 P1l (pectoral-fin length) 95.00 10.86 AnF (anterior nasal flap length)* 3.36 0.38 CDM (dorsalcaudal-fin margin) 148.00 16.91 ino (interorbital space)* 54.83 6.27 CPV (preventral caudal-fin margin) 92.00 10.51 SPl (spiracle length)* 10.10 1.15 CPU (upper postventral caudal-fin margin) 55.00 6.29 eSl (eye spiracle space)* 12.98 1.48 CPl (lower postventral caudal-fin margin) 26.00 2.97 GiR (girth) 265.00 30.29 CFW (caudal-fin fork width) 61.00 6.97 1st dorsal spine origin to 1st dorsal rear tip 145.00 16.57 CFl (caudal-fin fork length) 94.00 10.74 1st dorsal free rear tip to 2nd dorsal spine 143.00 16.34 CST (Subterminal caudal-fin margin) 27.00 3.09 TW (total weight) 2420.00 CSW (Subterminal caudal-fin width) 44.00 5.03 intestinal turns 25.00 CTR (terminal caudal-fin margin) 56.00 6.40 Dermal denticles crown length 0.21 DISCUSSION The macroscopic inspection of the reproductive organs, with the vent widely opened and relaxed, the uteri without embryos but in eastern Atlantic, Deania profondorum occurs generally in very enlarged and with remains of blood, and the gonads at an more southern waters, up to the latitude of the Western Sahara, immature stage, suggests that this was a post partum female. making this capture the northern-most for the species. in addition, 94 Cybium 2006, 30(1) Coelho & erzini Occurrence of Deania profundorum off southern Portugal Table ii. - left side and right side measurements of the gill slits of this Deania profundorum specimen. “Abs. Val.” = absolute values in mm: “Rel. Val.” = relative values as a percentage of Tl. All values have a precision of 0.01 mm. [Mesures des fentes branchiales droites et gauches du spécimen de Deania profundorum. “Abs. Val.” = valeurs absolues en mm et “Rel. Val.” = valeurs relatives, en pourcentage de LT. Toutes les valeurs ont une précision de 0,01 mm.] Rel. Val. Rel. Val. left Side Abs. Val. Right Side Abs. Val. (%Tl) (%Tl) GS1 (first gill slit height) 13.19 1.51 GS1 (first gill slit height) GS2 (second gill slit height) 11.92 1.36 GS2 (second gill slit height) 10.17 1.16 GS3 (third gill slit height) 12.33 1.41 GS3 (third gill slit height) 11.50 1.31 GS4 (fourth gill slit height) 12.03 1.37 GS4 (fourth gill slit height) 12.74 1.46 GS5 (fifth gill slit height) 17.35 1.98 GS5 (fifth gill slit height) 16.49 1.88 inG (intergill length) 32.49 3.71 inG (intergill length) 30.38 3.47 Triaenodon obesus (Rüppell, 1837), the epaulette shark, Hemiscylli- um ocellatum (Bonnaterre, 1788), the gummy shark, Mustelus ant- arcticus Günther, 1870, and the whiskery shark, Furgaleus macki (Whitley, 1943). These authors did not present any explanation for the occurrence of these deformities, but suggested a common cause, due to the similarities of the disorders across different species. Cap- apé and Pantoustier (1975) described a series of deformities in sev- eral species. They described skeletal deformities in an embryo of Mustelus mediterraneus Quignard & Capapé, 1972 (current valid name is Mustelus punctulatus Risso, 1827) and concluded that these deformities were not genetic but the result of the embryo position in the abdominal cavity of the female. The same authors described the total absence of the first dorsal spine in a Squalus blainville (Risso, 1827) that was not accidental but congenital. They also described a separation of the pectoral fin at the rostrum level in a Raja radula Delaroche, 1809. Although no explanation for this anomaly is known, the authors stated that the anomaly was not accidental but probably had an embryological origin. other authors have described deformities in fins. Barrull et al. (2002) described morphological deformities in both the first dorsal and caudal fins of a Scyliorhinus canicula (linnaeus, 1758) and forwarded the hypothesis that these deformities may have been caused either by genetic mutation or due to a bite, although the lack of bite wounds might suggest that the cause was genetic. Brahim and Capapé (1997) described a Torpedo torpedo (Linnaeus, 1758) that had an additional dorsal fin that did not seem to be supported by rays. however, the authors suggested that submicroscopic rays, undetectable by radiography, might have supported the dorsal fin. Becker et al. (2000) described a series of Figure 3. - Photographs of gill slits on the left (top) and right side (bottom) deformed teeth in both modern and fossil chondrichthyans and con- of the Deania profundorum specimen. Scale bars = 10 mm. [Photographies cluded that most of these deformities are related with feeding inju- des fentes branchiales gauches (en haut) et droites (en bas) du spécimen de Deania profundorum. Barres d’échelle = 10 mm.] ries to the tooth forming tissue of the jaws. this specimen was larger than the maximum size (i.e., 76 cm for Acknowledgements. - The authors wish to thank the fishermen from the females) given by Compagno (1984). “Branca de Sagres” deep water long-liner who collected this specimen, especially the skippers elídio Diogo and Francisco Diogo. The authors The gill slits area of this specimen showed no evident scars, would like to thank Dr. Bernard Séret (Muséum national d’histoire naturel- suggesting that the missing gill slit on the right side of the head was le, Paris) for helping with the photographic identification of this specimen a real lack and not the result of a previous wound. Comparison of and Dr. luis Bentes (University of the Algarve) for creating the map in a the height of the gill slit on the right and left side suggests that the geographical information system with the location of this capture. This missing one was probably the first one, since the others had compa- work was funded by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology rable sizes between them. through a PhD grant (Ref: SFRh/BD/10357/2002). A few studies have reported deformities in elasmobranches, and to our best knowledge this is the first description of a shark lacking a gill slit on one side of the head. Officer et al. (1995) reported verte- REFERENCES bral deformities in a female tope shark, Galeorhinus galeus (lin- naeus, 1758), and suggested that the deformity was the result of an BARRUll J., MATe i. & M. 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