MISCELLANEOUS NOTES Table 1 including those animals which have been lamed SKULLMEASUREMENTSOFSNOWLEOPARD(INMM) by landmines.Usuallynothing is donetocontrol Totallength 171 their number. Needless to say, pure breed of Condylobasallength 145 Zygomaticwidth 122.5 Tibetan mastiff, which is a master herder, also PostOrbitalWidth 44.9 seemstohavebeenirretrievablylost.Itisdifficult InterOrbitalWidth 40 to quantify the feral dogpopulation as the entire MaxillaryWidth 72.5 area, though under the jurisdiction of the MandibularLength 115.2 Upperjaw Lowerjaw Department of F. E. & WL, is under defence Premolar4 13.88 16.1 control, wherecivilianactivitiesareseverelyand Molar1 21.25 16.15 actively restricted. All wildlife and domestic livestock on the The ‘dokpa’ grazier had two previous Tibetanplateauof Sikkimareunderseverestress sightings ofsnow leopard in this area. On July due to various defence priorities. This area, 27, 1998 itwas sighted atDongkung. Itwas last known as the Chho Lhamo plateau, is perhaps seen alive at Yabuk on September 10, 1998. He the only one in the entire eastern and central also recorded sightings of upto 30 blue sheep Himalayas to have breeding populations of Pseudois nayaur in this area. Around 1100 yak endangered species such as the southern kiang and2000sheepbelongingto 18 ‘dokpa’ families Equus kiang polyodon, lynx Lynx lynx and also use the area. blacknecked cra—ne Grus nigricollis, .in addition Feral dogs have long infested the entire to snow leopard all listed in Schedule I ofthe area where this animal was found. These dogs Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act. The richness werebroughttotheTibetanplateauaspupsfrom of the region has prompted the State Wildlife loweraltitudesbythe armyjawansforcompany. Advisory Board to propose its recognition as a On finishing their stint in this ‘difficult area’ all cold desertprotected area. thedogswere abandoned. Thesehavesincebred with the local Tibetan mastiffand multiplied by July 27, 1999 USHA GANGULI-LACHUNGPA feedingoffthekitchenwastesofthearmycamps. Department ofForest, Today these feral dogs roam in packs on the Environment & Wildlife, plateau, livingoffmarmots,woollyhare,Tibetan Government ofSikkim, gazelle, blue sheep, young nayan and kiang as Deorali 737 102, also domestic sheep, goats and young yak Sikkim, India. 4. ON THE LONGEVITY OF THE TIGER (.PANTHERA TIGRIS) IN CAPTIVITY A white tigressnamedDiana-Subhra born for protection from extreme weather conditions at the National Zoological Park, New Delhi, on andfor feeding. She was fedwith 14 kg offresh June 6, 1977, was received at the Nandankanan raw beef with bones six days in a week. Zoological Park, Bhubaneswar, Orissa, on Intermittently, vitamin supplements were added December 28, 1979. She died on February 28, tothebeef. She wasusuallycagedwithhermate 1999, after remaining 21 years, 8 months and orher cubs. 22 days in captivity. During her lifetime in the park, she was The tigress was housed in an open-air pairedwithtwotigers(oneheterozygousnormal enclosurewithsuitablevegetation.Theenclosure coloured “Deepak” and one white “Debabrata”) had a set of retiring cells with cemented floor and she gave birth to 16 cubs (6 males and 10 138 JOURNAL, BOMBAYNATURAL HISTORYSOCIETY. 97(1) APR. 2000 MISCELLANEOUS NOTES females) in six litters, including three CologneZoologicalGardens.Atigresshadlived heterozygous normalcoloured female cubs. The for 19 years in the Zoological Gardens, Thnssur first litter was born on May 12, 1981 and the (Nair, 1957). AtigerofNandankananZoological sixth litter on April 23, 1990. Park, Bhubaneswardiedatthe age of18 years, 6 According to Roychoudhuryetal. (1989), months and 10 days (Acharjyo and Patnaik, thetwowhitetigressesMohiniandChameliborn 1987). at Govindgarh Palace, Rewa on October 30, Diana-Subhra’s longevity of 21 years, 8 1958, and March 24, 1962, died at Washington months and 22 days in this Park appears to be Zoo (U.S.A.) on April 6, 1979, and at Bristol the longest so far recorded for this species in Zoo (England) onAugust23, 1982, atthe age of captivity. 20 years, 5 months, 7 days and 20 years and 5 months respectively. A female Bengal tiger at September 9, 1999 L.N. ACHARJYO theNewYorkZoological Parkdiedatthe age of House No. M-71, 20 years, 7 months and2 days (Crandall, 1965). Housing Board Colony, AtigressofAliporeZoologicalGardens,Calcutta Baramunda, lived for 20 years and 3 months (Das, 1983). Bhubaneswar 751 003 Under zoo conditions, the maximum longevity Orissa, India. of tigers is 20 years, an age which is probably B.C. PRUSTY not exceeded in the wild (Schaller, 1967). The Nandankanan Zoological Park estimated life span ofthe tiger is about 20 years Mayur Bhavan, Janapath, (Prater, 1971). Tigers have lived in captivity for Saheednagcir, Bhubaneswar 751 007, 12 to 19 years (Walker etal. 1964). Orissa, India. , Flower (1931) says that there appears to S.K. PATNAIK beno definiterecordofa tigerlivingto 20 years 7. Saheednagcir, andthe greatestlongevity listedbyhimisthatof Bhubaneswar 751 007, a Siberian tiger that lived for 19 years in the Orissa, India. ReferENCES Acharjyo, L.N. & S.K. Patnaik (1987): A note on the Prater, S.H. (1971): The Book ofIndian Animals, 3rd longevityofthetiger(Pantheratigris)incaptivity, edn., Bombay Natural History Society, Mumbai, Pranikee,8: 77-78. pp.65-66. Crandall, Lee S. (1965): The management of wild Roychoudhury,A.K.,G.C.Banerjee&R.Poddar(1989): mammalsincaptivity.TheUniversityofChicago Studbook ofwhite Tigers (Panthera tigris tigris Press,Chicagoand London,pp.735. Linn.)inIndia.BoseInstitute,Calcutta. Das, A.K. (1983): Longevity record of Indian tiger, Schaller, G.B. (1967): The Deer and the Tiger. The PcintheratigristigrisLinn,incaptivity.Jour.Beng. UniversityofChicagoPress,Chicagoand London, nat. Hist. Soc. 2(1):N.S.pp.: 92-93. pp.221-307. Flower,S.S.(1931):CitedbyCrandall LeeS. 1965. Walker,ErnestP.,FlorenceWarnick. KennethI.Lange Nair, Kesavan R. (1965): Cited by Crandall Lee S., e'tal. (1964): MammalsoftheWorld,Vol. II,The 1965. JohnHopkinsPress,Baltimorepp. 1279. SIGHTING OF BARKING DEER (MUNTIACUSMUNTJAC) IN 5. KALAKAD-MUNDANTHURAI TIGERRESERVE, TAMILNADU Aspartofourbiodiversity studies,we were Reserve in Tirunelveli dist., Tamil Nadu. On surveyingthefloraandfaunaontheMundanthurai October 15,1997,theseconddayofourfieldwork. Plateau, part of Kalakad-Mundanthurai Tiger oneofus (JR), aftercompleting sampling atthree JOURNAL, BOMBAYNATURAL HISTORYSOCIETY, 97(1), APR. 2000 139