I' BULLETIN DE L'fNSTITUT ROYAL DES SCIENCES NA TURELLES DE BELGIQUE ENTOMOLOGIE, 67: 95-106, 1997' BULLETIN VAN HET KONfNKLIJK BELGISCH INSTITUUT VOOR NATUURWETENSCHAPPEN ENTOMOLOGIE, 67: 95-106, 1997 On the identity of some millipede species described by C. 0. von PORAT in 1888 (Diplopoda: Spirostreptida, Spirobolida) by Sergei I. GOLOVA TCH Summary tions of the 34 species he encountered, including 26 new ones. Regrettably, just like KARSCH and most of his The results of a partial revision of the millipede collection contemporaries and predecessors, PORAT neither de of C. 0. von PORAT kept at the Institut Royal des Sciences scribed nor illustrated the male genitalia. Reasonably Naturelles de Belgique in Brussels are given. The following detailed and accurate as they might be concerning the taxonomic changes are proposed/reconfinned: Orthoporus peripheral body characters, with the main ones even aequatorialis (PORAT, 1888) and ?Megagymnostreptus occoe repeated in general keys to species, such descriptions catus (PORAT, 1888), both comb. n. ex Spirostreptus, "Rhino alone have since proved insufficient. As gonopods cricus" omen latus (PaRAT , 1888), comb. n. ex Spirobolus, have later acquired paramount importance for the diag "Rhinocricus" argentineus (PORAT, 1888) and Messicobolus eximius (PORAT, 1888). A new synonym has been establish nosis of both genera and species among helmintho ed: Spirostreptus fiber PoRA T, 1888 = ? Mardonius pari/is morphous millipedes, most of the names proposed by (KARscH, 1881 ). Descriptive notes and first illustrations are PORAT have become nomina dubia and largely ignored provided for these species as well as for the completely obscure ever since. Only relatively few of the PORAT species "Spirostreptus" torifer PoRA T, 1888, "Spirostreptus" corru names have been clarified by subsequent revisionary gatus PORAT, 1888, "Spirostreptus" fartus PORAT, 1888, work. "Spirostreptus" patruelis PORAT, 1888 and "Spirostreptus" volxemi PoRAT, 1888. At least some of these nomina dubia As regards the PORAT collection kept at the Brussels are deemed identifiable when/if male topotypic material be Museum, it has since received relatively little attention comes available for study. for several reasons. Firstly, already in the 1890's, together with a number of unidentified exotic samples, some of the types of PORAT were sent on loan to F. SILVESTRI in Introduction Italy. This was disadvantageous as SILVESTRI published only new species (SILVESTRI, 1897d) and nothing what Carl Oscar von PORAT (1842-1927), who spelt his name ever on PORAT's types. Furthermore, he even seems to as von PaRA TH in his earlier papers, was an outstanding have returned back only part of the loan, because some Swedish myriapodologist of the second half of the last gonopods are missing, damaged or incomplete. Unfortu century, one of the most prolific taxonomists of the nately, this concerns both PoRAT's and SILVESTRI's col time. A teacher at a secondary school in the town of lections currently kept at the Brussels Museum. A revi Jonkoping, southern Sweden, he received myriapod sion of the SILVESTRI collection at Portici is likely to material for identification from various sources. Alto reveal many surprises, apparently including those con gether, he described over 120 millipede species alone, cerning some of the Brussels types. Secondly, what the bulk of which are still kept in the collection of the PO RAT ( 1888) treated as representing the erstwhile Swedish Museum of Natural Hist01y in Stockholm (cf. Spirostreptus, Spirobolus or Alloporus species are cur SJOSTEDT, 1927). In 1888 (sometimes refen·ed to as rently scattered at least among the families Harpagophor 1889), he published the results of his work on the large idae, Spirostreptidae (order Spirostreptida), Messicoboli collection of exotic juliform millipedes accumulated at dae, Rhinocricidae, Spirobolellidae and Pachybolidae the Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique (order Spirobolida), i.e. a wide range of h·opical and in Brussels (IRSNB) from sources all over the world subtropical families, all mostly large and badly confused (PORAT, 1888). In that paper, obviously taking the pattern taxonomically. Thirdly, most of the names are based only of his German colleague F. KARSCH who had just pub on females, this badly discouraging any revisionary at lished a similar monograph-like treatment of juliform tempts. diplopods in the collection of the Berlin Museum (KARSCH, 1881 ), PoRA T presented only verbal descrip- The following taxa have been reported and keyed by '' 96 Sergei I. GOLOV ATCH PoRA T (1888) as based on the collection of the Brussels Spirostreptus fuscipes has since been revised and desig Museum. The order oflisting is retained as in the original. nated type-species of Scaphiostreptus BROLEMANN, 1902 (cf. BROLEMANN, 1902; ATTEMS, 19.14; MAURJES, 1969), I. Spirostreptus now in Orthoporus SILVESTRI, 1897b (cf. KRABBE, 1982). I. S. javanicus BRANDT, 1841 - Java; Complete bibliography concerning this species can be 2. S. torquatus sp. n. - Java; found in KRABBE ( 1982). 3. S. armatus sp. n. - Java; 4. S. fuscipes sp. n. -Brazil; Spirostreptus patruelis has been revised and assigned 5. S. aequatorialis sp. n. - Ecuador; tentatively to Cladostreptus BROLEMANN, 1902 by BRb 6. S. volxemi sp. n. - Brazil; LEMANN (I 902), and Spirostreptus corrugatus to Sca 7. S. occoecatus sp. n. - Brazil; phiostreptus (c f. A TTEMS, I 950). Yet both taxa are cur 8. S. tristis sp. n. - Brazil; rently among nomina dubia (KRABBE, 1982). 9. S. corticosus sp. n. - Arnboina, Sumatra; I 0. S. torifer sp. n. - Brazil; Spirostreptus vulgatus has since been revised and as II. S. patruelis sp. n. - Brazil; signed first to Kochliogonus A TTEMS, 1950, then to I2. S. papillaris PoRAT, I876- Brazil; Pseudotobiozus DEMANGE, 1970, now in Gymnostreptus 13. S. corrugatus sp. n. - Guatemala; BROLEMANN, 1902 ( cf. HOFFMAN, 1975b ). Full bibliogra 14. S. microps PORAT, 1876- Brazil; phy concerning this species can be found in KRABBE I 5. S. fartus sp. n. - Brazil; (1982). I 6. S. ventralis PoRA T, I876 - Brazil; I 7. S. fiber sp. n. - Liberia; Spirostreptus tristis has since been revised (BROLE I8. S. vulgatus sp. n. - Brazil. ANN, 1902; ATTEMS, 1914) and is cunently assigned to Megagymnostreptus SCHUBART, 1950 (cf. KRABBE, II. Spirobolus 1982). I. S. laetus KARSCH, 1881 - Brazil; 2. S. insculptus sp. n. - Ecuador; The samples which PORA T ( 1888) and BROLEMANN ( 1902) 3. S. omentatus sp. n. - Ecuador; misidentified as Spirostreptus ventralis PoRA T, 1876 have 4. S. argentineus sp. n. - Argentina; very recently been shown to actually represent a different 5. S. nattereri HUMBERT & SAUSSURE, 1870 - Argentina; species, Gymnostreptus porati HOFFMAN, 1997, while the 6. S. adstrictus sp. n. - Argentina; identity of the IRSNB specimens determined by PoRA T 7. S. politus sp. n. -Antigua; (1888) as Spirostreptus microps PORAT, 1876 has been 8. S. goesi PORAT, I876- Java, Borneo, Sumatra; confirmed, and the species assigned to Gymnostreptus as 9. S. giganteus PORAT, I872- Liberia; well (cf. HOFFMAN, 1997). 10. S. eximius sp. n. -Guatemala; 1I. S. replans sp. n. - Mexico; Regrettably, the bulk of the spirostreptid species pro 12. S. insulanus sp. n. - New Caledonia; posed by PORAT in 1888, as well as some more congeners 13. S. albidicollis sp. n. -New Caledonia; he described earlier, have been entirely omitted - even as 14. S. pulcher sp. n. -New Caledonia; nomina dubia -from the most recent review of the family 15. S. punctiji-ons sp. n. -New Caledonia. Spirostreptidae by KRABBE (1982). This is strange, be cause at least ATTEMS (1914) had listed all of PoRAT's III. Alloporus species of Spirostreptidae. 1. A. longicornis sp. n. - Brazil. Spirobolus insulanus, S. albidicollis, S. pulcher and S. Although PORAT's (1888) identifications of previously punctiji-ons have been revised and placed in Spirobolellus known species, including his own ones, often prove ques POCOCK, 1894 (Spirobolellidae) by CARL (1926), while tionable or even wrong (e.g., HOFFMAN, 1975a, 1980a, Spirobolus replans and S. eximius have been transferred 1997), this is minor from a standpoint of nomenclato tentatively to Messicobolus BROLEMANN, 1913 (Messico rial stability. What makes the PoRAT collection at bolidae) by LOOMIS (1968). Brussels important indeed, is certainly the types of his 26 species. Of them, only 12 have hitherto been revis Finally, Spirobolus argentineus has been transfened to ed and/or reassigned, sometimes tentatively so on the Rhinocricus KARSCH, 1881 (cf. BROLEMANN, 1902), and basis of the original descriptions alone. The present Spirobolus politus has become the type-species of Ana paper sheds new light on the identity of several spe denobolus SILVESTRI, 1897 (see also MAURIES, 1980). cies as a result of an on-site restudy of the type speci mens. The present paper aims at a partial revision of the old types of PORAT (1888) in order to clarify the identity of The following nomenclatorial changes affecting the FoR several long enigmatic millipede taxa. ft copes with 11 AT collection kept in the Brussels Museum have here species, all restudied during my brief stay at IRSNB in tofore been made: November-December 1996. \I On the identity of some millipede species described by C. 0. von PORAT in 1888 97 Taxonomic part Orthoporus aequatorialis (PORAT, 1888), comb. n. (Figs 1-4) The species will be dealt with in a sequence somewhat Spirostreptus aequatorialis PORAT, I888: 215. different from the original one (PaRA T, I888) referred to above. Several hitherto enigmatic spirostreptoid species Material: I 6 (designated as lectotype herewith), 2 ~~' I based on males will be treated first, followed by the incomplete specimen (with head and several anterior "females only" species. Finally, three male-based spiro segments missing), all broken into numerous pieces; bolidan species will conclude this paper. Ecuador, De VILLE leg. , / I'·, '·\ ~ •• l \ i I ) i j ( / I / .4 3 1.0 3.0 2 Figs 1-4. - Orthoporus aequatorialis (PoRA T, 1888), d' lectotype: 1, Anterior body portion, lateral view; 2, Telson, lateral view; 3- 4, Gonopods, caudal and frontal views, respectively. Scale bar in mm. I I 98 Sergei I. GOLOVA TCH Brief description: Width of ~~ paralectotypes 5-7 mm, HoFFMAN, 1996). The differences are expressed in some o of lectotype 6 mm. Colour brown-orange-yellow, often minor details of body size, sculpture and colouration, as mottled with grey, obviously somewhat faded, pattern well as in gonopod conf01mation. indistinctly annulated due to paler yellowish rear halves of metazonites. Main somatic features as in the original HOFFMAN (1996) believes the genus is heterogeneous, description (PoRA T, 1888) and in Figs 1 and 2. Ozopores with one group of species purely South American, and starting from somite 6. Gonopods as in Figs 3 and 4. the other Mesamerican. MAURIES (personal communica tion) thinks that many Orthoporus taxa may actually Remarks: Unquestionably, S. aequatorialis is a species of prove to represent only infraspecific varieties of fewer the prolific genus Orthoporus SILVESTRI, 1897b ranging polymorphous widespread species. Hence, more studies from the southwestern United States to Brazil (and occur on the variation ofNeotropical Orthoporus are necessary ring also in South Africa?). This species seems a "good" to finally assess the status of 0. aequatorialis. However, one, apparently devoid of junior synonyms, with several in any event the name is likely to survive as having very closely related forms encountered in the same gen priority over the vast majority of its congeners. eral, mainly Andean, area: 0. cavicollis (KARSCH, 1881) from Venezuela (apparently introduced also in Trinidad, Barbados, Grenada and ?St. Thomas), 0. reluctator ?Megagymnostreptus occoecatus (PORAT, 1888), SILVESTRI, 1897c from Ecuador, a species now consider comb. n. (Figs 5-11) ed as a junior synonym of 0. rugifrons (PORAT, 1876) Spirostreptus occoecatus PORAT, 1888: 217. (HOFFMAN, personal communication), 0. centra/is SIL o VESTRI, 1898 from Venezuela, 0. peregrinans SILVESTRI, Material: 1 (designated as lectotype by HOFFMAN in 1898 (?and 0. levigatus A ITEMS, 1950) from Colombia, 1983, but never published, validated herewith), 1 juv. 0; and possibly some others. The characters that bring them Brazil, Pedro de Cerra, C. van VOLXEM leg. together lie in the origin of the ozopores starting on the 6th body segment and the similarity of the gonopods, Brief description: Width 2.3 mm. Body with 51 segments particularly so due to the presence of a "prefemoral" in lectotype, so it must be incomplete, because the origi spine and, above all, deeply grooved telocoxites (cf. nal description states 61-63 segments for this species. In 1.0 Figs 5-ll. - ?Megagymnostreptus occoecatus (PORAT, 1888), d' lectotype: 5, Lateral part of collum; 6, Midbody segment, lateral view; 7, Tel son, lateral view; 8-9, Gonopods, frontal and caudal views, respectively; 10-11, Tip of gonopod. Scale bar m mm. '' On the identity of some millipede species described by C. 0. von PORAT in 1888 99 addition, paralectotype with 57 body segments. Colour midbody segments more superficial and traceable only pale grey-brown-yellow, pattern slightly annulated, must below ozopore level (Fig. 17). Anal valves margined have been considerably faded (even ocellaria almost in (Fig. 18). Other somatic characters as in the original distinct). Collum with two lateral striae, rather narrowly description (PoRA T, 1888). rounded (Fig. 5). Striation of metazonites only subven tral, very close to coxae (Fig. 6). Anal valves regularly Remarks: The identity of this rather large species is convex throughout (Fig. 7). Gonopods (Figs 8-11) da bound to remain obscure until fresh topotypes are located. maged. Remarks: According to HoFFMAN (personal communica "Mardonius ''pari/is (KARSCH, 1881) tion), who has compared the lectotypes of occoecatus and (Figs 19-21) Megagymnostreptus tristis at IRSNB, both these species Spirostreptus pari/is KARSCH, 1881: 36. are congeneric ( cf. KRABBE, 1982). Hence the above Spirostreptus fiber PORA T, 1888: 222, syn. n. formal reallocation. However, according to my own in ?Mardonius pari/is- KRABBE, 1982: 429. clinations supported by the opinion of MAURIES (personal communication), occoecatus is a distinct species to be Material: 1 'i! (holotype of tiber); Liberia, M6DDERMAN?T assigned rather to Tubostreptus SCHUBART, 1950, because CAPS> LEG. - I <j> (IDENTIFIED AS PAR1LIS BY C. ATIEMS, COLL. the solenomerite seems to start inside the tibiotarsal tube, ZOOLOGISCHES MUSEUM HAMBURG); HOS, TOGO, 1892, Ross. not to the much more disjunct Exallostreptus HoFFMAN, MANN LEG. 1988, in which the solenomerite begins at the distal edge of the tibiotarsal lobe ( cf. HOFFMAN, 1988). Only fresh Brief description: Body moderately robust, pattern topotypic material, including males, can result in a final slightly annul a ted, definitely faded (even ocellaria partly solution of the riddle. Hence the necessary qualifications. faded). Striation very distinct, especially so on collum (Fig. 19), on midbody segments more superficial but traceable also a little above ozopore level (Fig. 20). Anal "Spirostreptus" torifer PORA T, 1888 valves margined (Fig. 21). Other somatic characters as in (Figs 12-15) the original description (PoRA T, 1888). Spirostreptus torifer PoRAT, 1888: 221. Remarks: The holotype of tiber has been compared Material: 1 incomplete J (designated as lectotype here with the female of pari/is kept in the Hamburg Museum with), 1 complete 'j! (paralectotype); Brazil, Therezopolis, and referred to by AITEMS (1914), and both samples C. van VOLXEM leg. appear definitely conspecific. Hence the above new synonymy. Since, according to HoFFMAN (personal Brief description: Lectotype with head and gonopods communication), pari/is is not conspecific with Mar missing (most probably located in the SILVESTRI collec donius sculpturatus A ITEMS, 1914, the type-species of tion at Portici, see above). Colour dark grey-brown up to Mardonius A ITEMS, 1914, the allocation of this rather blackish, obviously not faded. Collum characteristically large species quite widely distributed at least in Guinea, grooved laterally (Fig. 12). Striation of relatively convex Liberia, Ivory Coast, Togo and Cameroon is only provi metazonites very deep, less deep and regular dorsally sional. Hence the necessaty qualifications in full agree (Fig. 13). Anal valves margined (Fig. 14). Legpair I of ment with KRABBE (1982). Complete information con J with conical prefemoral process frontally (Fig. 15). cerning pari/is an be found in KRABBE (1982). Remarks: The identity of this rather large species is bound to remain obscure until the gonopods are studied. "Spirostreptus "Jartus PoRA T, 1888 These are believed to be located at Portici. Othetwise (Figs 22-24) strict topotypes, in particular male ones, must be found Spirostreptusfartus PORAT, 1888: 227. and properly studied using the available descriptions for comparative purposes. Material: 1 'i! holotype; Brazil, C. van VOLXEM leg. Brief description: Body slender. Colour beige, pattem "Spirostreptus '' corrugatus PoRA T, 1888 slightly annulated, definitely faded (even ocellaria almost (Figs 16-18) indistinct). Striation indistinct even on collum (Fig. 22), Spirostreptus corrugatus PORAT, 1888: 225. on midbody metazonites virtually untraceable (Fig. 23). Anal valves not margined, lateral outline strongly convex Material: I 'i! holotype; Guatemala, BoUCARD leg. (Fig. 24). Other somatic characters as in original descrip tion (PORAT, 1888). Brief description: Body slender, pattern slightly annu lated, definitely faded (even ocellaria patily faded). Stria Remarks: The identity of this rather large species is tion very distinct, especially so on collum (Fig. 16), on bound to remain obscure until fresh material is located. I I Serge1. I. G OLOVATCH ... ,-. · . ~· 12 2.0 I I On the identity of some millipede species described by C. 0. von PORAT in 1888 I 01 · 24 22 27 25 30 Figs 22-30. - "Spirostreptus ''fartus PORAT, 1888, <;? holotype (22-24), "Spirostreptus '' patruelis PORA T, 1888, ~ holotype (25-27) and ''Spirostreptus'' volxemi PORAT, 1888, ~lectotype (28-30): 22, 25 & 28, Anterior body parts, lateral view; 23, 26 & 29, Midbody segment, lateral view; 24, 27 & 30, Telson, lateral view. Scale bars in mm. +- Figs 12-21. - "Spirostreptus" torifer PO RAT, 1888, cS lectotype ( 12-15), "Spirostreptus" corrugatus PORAT, 1888, <;? bolotype ( 16- 18) and "Spirostreptus" fiber PORAT, 1888, <;? holotype (19-21): 12, 16 & 19, Anterior body parts, lateral view; 13, 17 & 20, Midbody segment, lateral view; 14, 18 & 21, Telson, lateral view; 15, Legpair I, frontal view. Scale bars inmm. \\ 102 Sergei I. GOLOVATCH The remarkably convex anal valves seem to be a char Brief description: Body slender. Cqlour marbled yellow acteristic of the species aiding in the recognition of future ish-brown, ozopores like yellowish spots, pattern slight samples. ly annulated due to paler metazonites. A darker intero cular band. Striation rather deep on collum (Fig. 25), on midbody metazonites more superficial and traceable "Spirostreptus "patruelis PoRA T, 1888 only below ozopore level (Fig. 26). Anal valves not (Figs 25-27) margined, lateral outline strongly convex (Fig. 27). Other Spirostreptus patruelis PORAT, 1888: 222. somatic characters as in original description (PoRA T, 1888). Material: 1 ~ holotype; Brazil, Therezopolis, C. van VOLXEM leg. Remarks: The identity of this rather large species IS 36 37 33 o Figs 31-37. - "Rhinocricus" omentatus (PoRA T, 1888), para lectotype (31-33) and 0 lectotype (34-37): 31, Anterior body part, lateral view; 32, Midbody segment, lateral view; 33, Telson, lateral view; 34 & 35, Anterior gonopods, frontal and caudal views, respectively; 36 & 37, Posterior gonopod, mesal and lateral views, respectively. Scale bars in nm1. On the identity of some millipede species described by C. 0. von PO RAT in 1888 I 03 bound to remain obscure until conspecific material is somatic features as in the original description (PORAT, discovered. 1888) and in Figs 28-30. · Remarks: Until topotypes, particularly males, have been "Spirostreptus" vo/xemi PoRA T, I 888 located best matching the available descriptions and il (Figs 28-30) lustrations, the identity of this species is also bound to Spirostreptus Volxemi PORAT, 1888: 216. remain obscure. Material: 4 badly fragmented ~~ syntypes (the largest ~ selected as lectotype, the remaining ~~ as paralecto "Rhinocricus" omentatus (PoRA T, 1888), comb. n. types); Brazil, Therezopolis, C. van VOLXEM leg. (Figs 31-37) Spirobolus omentatus PoRAT, 1888: 236. Brief description: Width oflectotype 4.5 mm. Colour pale yellowish-brown, often with indistinct annulations and Material: 16 badly fragmented specimens (including sev traces of a more or less wide, pale, axial stripe. Main eral juveniles), of which only 5 JJ and 7 ~~ have 42 40 38 Figs 38-43. - "Rhinocricus" argentineus (PORAT, 1888), c) lectotype: 38, Anterior body part, lateral view; 39, Midbody segment, lateral view; 40, Telson, lateral view; 41 & 42, Anterior gonopods, frontal and caudal views, respectively; 43, Posterior gonopod, mesal view. Scale bars in mm. I I 104 Sergei I. GOLOVA TCH 49 48 46 44 45