TThhee LLeepipdiopdteorpoltoegircaollSoocgieitycal Society ooff JJaapapnan Mtwh TleanskpiaSloc. 52(1):58-62,December 2ooO .lopan On the efft)cts ef temperature in the laryal stage to the adult external lilfxsenliayonis (Fajiok(aL)epidopteLyrcaa,enidae) characters of suruguensts Hiromichi OHGANEO, Shingo ONoDERA2) and Satosh iHAsmMoTo2) Center i)Environmental Pollution Research & Analysi s Co., Ltd, 2-7-5,Tokugawa, Higashi-ku,Nagoya,461-oo25Japan 2)Zoological Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Meijo University, Tempaku-ku, Nagoya,468-8502Japan Abstract The 1arva eof Fbcseni alyen tsusrugaensis were reared at 150C and 25th Crespectively, After emergence of the adults, ]engths of thc forewing, hindwing and tail were measured and compared between the specimens reared at 15"C and 25"C. Cornpared with those ofthe adults reared at 25'C, the forewing and hindwing length softhe adults reared at 15eC were longe ron average. On the other hand, the tail lengt hwas much shorter in the adults reared at 15'C than at 25eC. It is probab]e that the tai llengt hof the adult E i .surugaensis is due to the rearing temperature in the lurva lstage. Key words Lycaenidtt eF,Xrseni alyon isusnrgaensis, temperature in larva lstage, wing length, taillength. Fixsenia lyon i(sOt a& Kusunoki), which is known from Japan and continental China, shows a sporadic distributi oannd is divided into 6 subspecies, of which 4 are distribut eidn the Honshu Shikoku Japan (Inomata19,90), western part of and of In 1996 Ohgane noticed a differen cien the tai llengt hof the hindwing between the adults of Fbcyenia tyon tsusrugaensts (Fujio kreaar)ed at room temperature and at 25'C, respectively. In the next spring we reared this subspecies again under two temperature conditions of 150C and 250C until .emergence ofthe adults, and measured the forewing ,hindwing and tail lengths of the adults. As a result of measurements we recognized the relation between the rearing temperature in the larva lstage and the tai1 Iength of the hindwing, and therefore we report fo11ows. as Befbre going furthe rw,e wish to express our hearty thanks to Prof Dr Yutaka Arita (Zoologi- cal Laboratory, Meijo University )fbr his constant guidance and encouragement. We also thank Mr Kazuya Fukuzumi (Nagoya-s ahndi) Mr Hiroshi Yoshimoto (a managing editor of the 7},ansactib nosf the Lepidbpterokrgi cSaZl)cie qtfy' Jbpan) fbr their usefu1 advice and offering relevant literature. Materials and methods The F)lxsenitayonis (Fujioka) here Kamishima, eggs of surugaensis used were collected at Minami-shinano-mura,Nagano Prefiin 1996 inthefreezer autumn, and were preserved unti! the next spring, Firs tinsta rlarva ehatched in a day or tvvo were used in this study. The larva weere reared in plasti ccases (leng atbohut 16 cm, width about 27 cm and height about 19 cm) with the host plant ,Rhamntns japoni cMaaxim. (Rhamnacea ea)t ,15'C and 25DC with a photoperiod 16L-8D until the emergence of adults. 25 larva ewere reared under each temperature NNIII-IE-leEcltreoncitcronic LMbirabrryary Service TThhee LLeepipdiopdteorpoltoegircaollSoocgieitycal Society ooff JJaapapnan Effbct of Temperature in Larval Stage to Adult Fixseni alyon isusrugaensis 59 FL / 1 1/ ll7',hK x f st ...X,x,-.IXIISII YN? X ,IXx Fig. 1. Measurement of the adult PZxsenia iyonis suragaensts (FL: fbrewing length ,HL: hindwing length ,TL: tail length). condition, Of the larva ereared at 150C, 4 indiyidual (s2 dF n2 4) were treated at 250C after pupatlon. After emergence of the adults, length sof the fbrewing ,hindwing and tail were measured as in Fig. 1. Resultsand discussion Lengths of the forewing ,hindwing and tail The number of adults reared was 11 males and 11 female s(includ i2nmagles and 2 females treated at 250C after pupation) at 15eC, and was 12males and 10females at 25eC. Table I shows measurements of the fbrewing ,hindwin gand tail lengths .There was no difleren cien the forewing ,hindwing and tail length sbetwee nthe individua rlesared at 150C during al1 stages and those treated at 250C after pupation , Compared with those of the adults reared at 250C, the forewing and hindwing length sof the adults reared at 150C were longer on average. However, the tai1 lengt hwas much longer in the specimens reared at 25"C than at 15"C (Fig2).. That the length sof the forewing and hindwing are longer on average under the condition of 15=C seems to be related to the larva lperiod, because the larva lperiod reared at 15eC was approximately 30days longe rthan at 25'C, Nishimura (198 1i)ndicate dthat the hindwing tail of E lyon tsusrugaensts shows a continu- ous variation from the short tai llike that of E i kiiens itso the long one like that of E i kthiens blust, the values of the tai llengt hwere not shown. On the other hand, Nanba (1988: Table 1. Measurements of adults of fiZx:se nliyaon isusrugaensis. length(mm)Hindwing length(mm) Tai]length (mm) Sex Temp.No.adultsForewing Min. Max. Mean+SD Min. Max. Mean+SD Min. Max. Mean+SD 8 IS'C2sec1I1S1=2C121l51500.C1141.64.I3Z51165..56+O.4 12.2121.30.1331.28,116321..5S7.+9O1.44.8 1.01.7I1.,6722,.225.l4.33.t0O.21.9+O.l1.9+022.7+O.2 15.5 15.0+O.3D 12.3+02 \ 19,5 18.3+O.6 15.2+O.6 17.8 17.0+O.4 14,l+O.4 i) Of twelve males, two could not be measured. NII-Electronic Library Service TThhee LLeepipdiopdteorpoltoegircaollSoocgieitycal Society ooff JJaapapnan 60 Hiromichi OHGA)gE ,Shingo ONoDERA and Satosh iHAsHTMoTo /N. X. . x, z N. !'.x. ･IS･ l A B c Xl'x N, ,/ N! .x L' 111,u:'' D E F NL >Lz '"M. t - G H ! t . t J -t '･ '-'K / t t ' L 9 i,o 2,o , in I /vi/ /iLin E,nl,n ± Fig .2. Fixseni at'yon isusrugaensis (A-C :males reared at 15eC, D-F: rnales reared at 25･C, G- I : f e m a l e s re atr etd at ' 1 50 C , J -L : f e m' al e s re ar e'd' at 2SeC). table 6) presente dthe values of the tail length in each of the geographical races for compari- son. Aocording tg Nanba (1988 t)h,e tai1 lengt hqf E i surugaensis is the second longest among the Japanese subspecies, but s6ows a wide variation. However, the tai llengt hof I: i surugaensts reared at 250C in this study was the longes tamong the Japanese subspecies, and that of the specimens reared at 150C was rather short1 ahd almost the same as those of E i kit nesi's and the Kochi and Tokushima populatio nins the no.minotypical subspecies, There were no relations between the fbrewing and tai llengths a,nd between the hindwing and tail lengths (Figs3, 4T)h.erefbre ,it is probable that the tai1 lengt his due to the rearing temperature in the larva lstage in addition to genetic factors, NII-Electronic Library Service TThhee LLeepipdiopdteorpoltoegircaollSoocgieitycal Society oofJfap anJapan Effect ef Ternperature inLarval Stage to Adult Fixseniaiyoniysurugaensrs 61 16.5 edi[s ℃ 2o,e r.e e?IS ℃ .di2S ℃ 19.5A19.0EEL.18.SSm51s,o-en.gl17.5Ee . 92S℃ 16.0Egs15.S"ens-a,gls.o:)t eae oe e ooe e . . :- eeBe. . ee .-t eeeo 17.0 .. . . 14.5 -- . 16.S . . . 14.0 ' 16.0 .)3.5 O,5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 1.S 2.0 2.S 3,O Tai llengt (hmm) Tai llength (mm) Fig. 3. Relationship of the forewing and taillengthsof fixseni atyonrs surugaesnrs, ! 1 3 .5 r ecrIS ℃ 16,O ee 1:lng , e .e25 ℃ IS,5eE15.0xpmS14,5Mm.E･S14.0s -13.0EgiaeC12.5-en.:P,Z12,O e ee t o:e oeo e o . . . . eo .. . e .:. e e .-e .. -e o . . 13.5 . 11.5o.s 4 ; ."iL. 13,O ･= - L 1. e Tai lIe1n,gS th (mm) 2,O 2,5 1.0 1,5 T2a. M0e ng th (mm )2.S 3.0 3.5 Fig. 4. Relationship of the hindwing and tai llengthsof fixseniaryonr ssurtrgaenstst Othercharacters The hindwing margin was rather reund in the specimens reared at 15=C ,but slightly protrudin gon vein 3 (CuAi )in those reared at 250C (Fi g2.) . There is an assumpti'on that the hindwing tai iof the subfamily Theclina eoriginates from the hindwing outer margin (Takasa &ki Shinkawa, 1998). [fwe adopt this assumption on the morphogenetic origin of the hindWing tail, it is considered that the above characteristic is related to the tai1 length. As to other characters includin gthe white line en the under surfate of the hindwing, which shows a wide variation in E i suttugaensis, ther ewas no diflerenc ebetwee nindividual rseared at 150C and 250C. References Inomata, T., 1990 , Kqys to the Jopanese Butten17i eisn natural Color . 223pp. Hokuryukan, Tokyo. (In Japanese). Nanba, M., 1988. [lhsenilayonis(Ota& Kusunoki)]. [lnsecotfs.Iapan](11),145pp., 8pls. Bun-ichi-sogo-shuppa Tno,kyo. (i nJapanese). Nishimura, M., I981 . [On the variation of FZxseni alyont s]C.fekkan-Mcrshi (124 )3-:7 (i nJapanese), Takasaki, H. & T. Shinkawa, i998. An aberrant brown-banded hairstreak (Antig ibuutsler is)uggests the NII-Electronic Library Service TThhee　 LLeepipdiopdteorpoltoegiroaollogical　 SSoooiceityety 　ooff　 JJaapapnan 62 Hiromichi　OHGANE，　Shingo　ONoDERA　and 　Satosh　iHAsHIMoTo morphogenetic 　origin　of　the　lycaenid　hindwing 　hair−like　appendages ．　Buttertt7ie（s19）：58−59． 摘 要 幼虫期の温度条件がベ ニ モ ンカ ラス シジ ミ長野静岡亜種の成虫に与える影響 につ い て （大鐘裕 道 ・ 小野寺慎吾 ・ 橋本里志） 著者の一人，大鐘 は 1995年冬季に長野県南信濃村で採卵したべ ニ モ ン カラス シ ジ ミ長野静岡亜種 Fixse　nia　lyon　isusrugaensis （Fujioka）を翌春飼育した とこ ろ，室温で飼育 した個体 と25℃ の恒温室で 飼育 した個体の間に尾状突起の長さに違い があるこ とに気づ い た．そこで，翌 1997年に同地で採卵 した卵より孵化した幼虫を 15℃ と25℃ の 温度条件で飼育 し，羽化した成虫を比較検討した． 前翅長と後翅長共に 15℃ で飼育された個体が 25℃ で飼育された個体よりも相対的に大 きい傾向に ， あっ た （Table　l，　Figs　3，4）．この こ とは， 15℃ で飼育した幼虫期間が 25℃ での幼虫期間よりもお よそ 30 日間長か っ たこ とか ら， 幼虫期間の長さと関係してい るように思われる． 前翅長と後翅長 とは逆に，尾状突起の長さは，25℃ で飼育された個体が 15℃ で飼育された個体よ り も有意に長か っ た．難波 （1988）による と， 長野静岡亜種は 日本産亜種の 中で は中国地方亜種に次い で尾状突起が長い が か な りの変異が見られ る と言う．今回 25℃ で飼育した個体は 中国地方亜種 ， ， ， よ りも尾状突起の長さは長か っ た、また， 15℃ で は， 紀伊半島亜種 と原名亜種の徳島， 高知個体群 と 同程度 に短か っ た．以上の こ とか ら，少なくとも長野静岡亜種 にお い て，尾状突起 の長 さは遣伝的要 因に加 えて，幼虫期の温度条件によっ て も影響を受 けるこ とが推察 された． （Accepted　Sep匸embcr 　l，2000） Published　by　the　Lepidopterologic　aSlociety　of　Japan 5−20，Motoyokoyama 2，Hachioji，Tokyo，192−0063Ja，pan 　 　 　 　 一 NNI工I工-EElleoetcrotniroonic　 LLiibrbarryary 　Service