ON ELEVEN NEW SPECIES OF FRESHWATER CRABS OF THE GENUS SOMANNIATHELPHUSA BOTT, 1968, FROM SOUTHERN CHINA (CRUSTACEA: DECAPODA: BRACHYURA: PARATHELPHUSIDAE) ABSTRACT. -Eleven new species of freshwater crabs of the genus Somanniathelphusa Bott, 1968, s. str. are described from southern China, viz. S.nanningensis, S.guilinensis, S. yulinensis, S. longicaudus, S.megachelus, S.araeochelus, S.zhapoensis, S.yangshanensis, S.zhangpuensis, S.huaanensis and S.amoyensis. These species are differentiated mainly by their carapace, anterolateral margin, male abdomen, and first and second male pleopod characters. KEY WORDS. - Somanniathelphusa, new species, southern China, Brachyura, Parathelphusidae, taxonomy. Naiyanetr (1994) revised the generic system for the species previously classified in Somanniathelphusa Bott, 1968, establishing three new genera for the Indo-Chinese, Thai and Malaysian fauna. Until now, six species ofSomanniathelphusa s.str. have been reported from China, viz. S.sinensis (H. Milne Edwards, 1853), S.chongi (Wu, 1935), S.brevipodum Dai et aI., 1975, S. taiwanensis Bott, 1968, S.zanklon Ng &Dudgeon, 1992, and S.falx Ng &Dudgeon, 1992. The identity ofthetype species, S.sinensis, was clarified byNg &Dudgeon (1992). Examination of a large series of specimens of Somanniathelphusa s. str. from various parts of southern China (including southeastern parts ofYunnan, Guangxi, Guangdong, Fujian provinces, except Hainan Island), show that there are many more species than had been reported. The present paper reports on 11 new species from China. The specimens are deposited in the Institute of Zoology, Academia Sinica, Beijing. P. Naiyanetr - Department of Biology, Chulalongkom University, Bangkok, Thailand. Dai A.-Y. - Institute of Zoology, Academia Sinica, Beijing 100080, China. Diagnosis. - Medium-sized (35-46 mm carapace breadth) crabs. Carapace hexagonal, antero-Iateral border with 4teeth including exorbital tooth. Subfrontal with triangular region. Mandibular palp with 2-lobed terminal segment. Male abdomen with lateral margins of segments 5-6 constricted. First male pleopod with last 2segments fused, proximal part bulb- like, slender distally. Somanniathelphusa nanningensis, new species (PI. I:1; Fig. 1) Material examined. -Holotype: Imale (carapace length 33 mm, breadth 44 mm) (GX9091130A), Guofeng Wood field, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Automonous Region, coil. 5 Dec.1990. Paratypes -Allotype: female (carapace length 26.7 mm, breadth 32.7mm) (GX9091130B), 2males, same data as holotype. Description. -Carapace slightly convex, more conspicuous on branchial region, surface glabrous; finely punctated. Cervical groove shallow, depressd on median portion. H-shaped groove between gastric and cardiac regions deep. Post-frontal lobes crested and sharp, postorbital crest blunt, only with short transverse crest innerly. Frontal margin nearly straight, slightly emarginated medially. Exorbital teeth conspicuously smaller than second and third teeth, slightly bent inwards, second tooth equal or slightly smaller than third tooth, last tooth small, slightly bent outwards. Subfrontal triangular region about 3.2 times as broad as long. Third maxilliped with merus about 1.2 times as broad as long, ischium about 1.6 times as long asbroad, exopod stout, reaching approximately 112length ofmerus, with stout flagellum. Male chelipeds strongly unequal, merus with a subdistal spine dorsally, carpus covered with rugae on dorsal surface, inner-distal angle with a slender, acute spine, slightly bent inwards, with 3granules under itsbase. Larger manus about 1.3times aslong ashigh, movable finger about 1.1 times as long as manus, with big gap between two fingers when closed. Ambulatory legs slender, last legs with propodus about 1.5 times as long as broad, clearly shorter than dactylus. Male abdomen T-shaped, sixth segment about 2.1 times as long as broad, last segment about 1.4 times as long as broad, almost equal in length to sixth segment. Median groove ofthoracic sternum deep; fifth sternite with )(-shaped groove, longitudinal groove of sternites 6 and 7 interrupted medially. First male pleopod hook-like distally. Second male pleopod with short distal segment. Female abdomen rounded large, sixth segment about 3.1 times as broad as long; last segment semicircular, about 2.8 times as broad as long, shorter than sixth segment. Female genital pore transversely ovate. Remarks. - This new species is closely related to S. brevipodum Dai et aI., 1975, but antero-Iateral teeth are less acute than those of the latter species, the second tooth being distinctly longer than (not equal) to the first tooth; the subfrontal triangular region about 3.2 (not 3.8) times as broad as long; the sixth male abdominal segment is 2.1 (not 1.9) times as long as broad; the first male pleopod is arched laterally outwards (not hook-like); and the female genital pore is transversely ovate (not elliptical). 8 Fig. 1.Somanniathelphusa nanningensis, new species. 1-7. holotype male (GX9091130A), carapace length 33mm, breadth 44 mm, 8-10. allotype female (GX9091130B) carapace length 26.7 mm, breadth 32.7 mm. 1.subfrontal triangular region; 2.third maxilliped; 3.abdomen; 4. sternum; 5.first pleopod; 6.distal end offirst male pleopod; 7.second male pleopod; 8.female abdomen; 9.sternum, 10.female genital pore. Somanniathelphusa guilinensis, new species (PI. 1:2; Fig. 2) Material examined. - Holotype: 1 male (carapace length 27.4 mm, breadth 35.2 mm) (GX7591125A), Yangshan, Guilin, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, colI. 30 Sep.1975. Paratypes - Allotype: female (carapace length 26.5 mm, breadth 32.5 mm) (GX7591l25B), Yangshan, Guilin, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous region, colI. 14 Apr.1980. - 9 males (4juv.), 9 females (all juv.), same data as holotype. Description. -Carapace convex, more conspicuously soonhepatic and branchial regions. H-shaped groove between gastric and cardiac regions deep. Post-frontal lobes crested, postorbital crest more s~arp i~ner part and blunt outer part. Frontal border sharp, emarginated medially. Exorbital tooth longer orequal to second tooth, third tooth longest, last tooth small, directed obliquely forwards. Postero-lateral border long, with fine rugae. Subfrontal triangular region about 3.2 times as broad as long. Third maxillipeds with merus about 1.2 times as broad as long, ischium about 1.6 times as long as broad, exopod about reaching proximal 2/3, with stout flagellum. Male chelipeds clearly unequal, merus with acute spine subdistally; carpus with an acute spine on inner distal angle, directed obliquely inwards; larger manus about 1.3times aslong ahigh, almost equal to movable finger, inner border ofmovable finger with large tooth, with 3-4 blunt teeth proximally, immovable finger with 2 blunt teeth, almost no gap between them when closed. Ambulatory legs glabrous, last leg with propodus about 1.8times aslong as broad, subequal to dactylus. Male abdomen T-shaped, sixth segment slender, about 1.9 times as long as broad, last segment about 1.4 times as long as broad, almost equal in length to sixth segment. Median groove of thoracic sternum deep, fifth segment with )(-shaped groove, longitudinal groove of sternites 6and 7interrupted medially. First male pleopod with distal portion bent outwards, with scattered short spinules (under strong magnification). Second male pleopod withproximal 1/2triangular in shape, with distal 1/2slender. Female abdomen rounded, with sixth segment about 3times as broad as long, last segment about 2.7 times as broad as long, distal border convex, slightly shorter than sixth segment. Female genital pore obliquely ovate. Remarks. - This new species is most closely related to S. sinensis (H. Milne Edwards, 1853), but differs from the latter in the subfrontal triangular region being about 3 (not 6 times) asbroad as long; the larger manus is aslong as(not conspicuous shorter than movable finger); and the distalmost portion ofthe first male pleopod isbent outwards, directed ventrally and hook-like. ~:.<.: ...,.~ .. ~/: ,.: '. Fig. 2. Somanniathelphusa guilinensis, new species. 1-7. holotype male (GX7591125A), carapace length 27.4 mm, breadth 35.2 mm; 8-10. allothype female (GX9091130B), carapace length 26.5 mm, breadth 32.5 mm. I. subfrontal triangular region, 2.third maxilliped; 3.abdomen; 4. sternum; 5.first male pleopod; 6. distal end of first male pleopod; 7. second male pleopod; 8. female abdomen; 9. sternum; 10. female genital pore. Somanniathelphusa yulinensis, new species (PI. 1:3; Fig. 3) Material examined. - Holotype: 1 male (carapace length 35.6 mm, breadth 45.1 mm) (GX7791124A), Yulin, Guangxi Zhuang Automonous Region, colI. Aug.1975. Paratypes -Allotype: female (carapace length length 29.8 mm, breadth 36.8 mm) (GX779 1124B); paratypes: 4males (l juv.), 3females (2juv.), Yulin, Guangxi Zhuang Automonous Region, colI. 14 Oct.1977. - 2 males (1 juv.), 6 females (l juv.), same data as holotype. Description. - Carapace convex, more distinctly so on branchial and intestinal regions. Surface pitted, cervical groO\:~with fine rugae.H-shaped groove between gastric and cardiac regions deep. Post-frontal lobe strongly crested, postorbital crest with inner part sharp, outer part blunt. Frontal bor~er sharp, emarginated medially. Exorbital tooth about equal in size to second tooth, slightly bent inwards, third tooth largest, last tooth small, slightly directed obliquely outwards. Postero-lateral border longer than antero-lateral border, covered with oblique crests. Subfrontal triangular regions about 3.7times asbroad aslong. Third maxilliped with merus about 1.2times as broad as long, with ischium about 1.7times as long as broad, exopod stout, reaching proximal 2/3 of merus, with stout flagellum. Male chelipeds strongly unequal, merus with acute spine on dorso-distal border; carpus with inner-distal spine straight, directed obliquely inwards, with 4-5 tubercles atbase; larger manus about 1.3 times as long as high, fingers slender, movable finger about 1.3 times as long as manus, inner border with blunt rounded teeth, with 2-3 larger teeth, immovable finger with 1large tooth, with relatively large gap when fingers closed. Ambulatory legs slender, merus with scattered short setae on anterior border, last legs with propodus about 2 times as long as broad, slightly shorter than dactylus. Male abdomen T-shaped, sixth segment about 1.6 times as long as broad, last segment about 1.2times aslong asbroad, slightly shorter or equal in length to sixth segment. Median groove of thoracic sternum deep, fifth sternite with )(-shaped groove, longitudinal groove of sternites 6and 7interrupted medially. First male pleopod directed laterally outwards, not hook-like, with spinules (under strong magnification), slightly bilobed distally. Female abdomen large rounded, sixth segment about 3.3 times asbroad as long, distal border of last segment produced medially, about 3.3 times as broad as long, shorter than sixth segment. Female genital pore rounded. Remarks. - This species is closely related to S. brevipodum Dai et aI., 1975, but its anterolateral teeth are less acute than those of the latter; the second teeth isdistinctly longer than (not equal to the first tooth); the subfrontal triangular region is about 3.2 (not 3.8 times) as broad as long; the male abdomen has the sixth segment about 2.1 (not 1.9) times as long as broad; the first male pleopod is only arched laterally outwards (not hook-like); and the female genital pore is elliptical (not depressed and rounded). Fig. 3.Somanniathelphusa yulinensis, new species. 1-7.holotype male (GX7791124A), carapace length 35.6 mm, breadth 45.1 mm; 8-10. allotype female (GX7781124B), carapace lenght 29.8 mm, breadth 36.8 mm. 1. subfrontal triangular region, 2. third maxilliped; 3. abdomen; 4. sternum; 5. first male pleopod; 6. distal end of first male pleopod; 7. second male pleopod; 8.female abdomen; 9. sternum; 10. female genital pore. Somanniathelphusa longicaudus, new species (PI. 1:4; Fig. 4) Materialexamined. -Holotype: Imale (carapace length 37.5 mm, breadth 47.3 mm) (GX7591135), Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, coli. 24 Sep.1975. Description. - Carapace convex, surface glabrous. Cervical groove deep, distinct. H- shaped groove between gastric and cardiac regions deep. Post-frontal lobe sharp, postorbital crest short. Frontal margin sharp, slightly emarginated medially. Exorbital tooth bent inwards, slightly longer than second ·tooth, shorter than third tooth, last tooth small. Subfrontal triangular region about' 3 times as broad as long. Third maxilliped with merus about 1.1 times as broad as long, ischium about 1.6times as long as broad, exopod reaching proximal 112of merus, with stout flagellum. Male chelipeds strongly unequal, carpus with acute spine on inner-distal angle, slightly bent inwards. Larger manus about 1.4times as long as high, distinctly shorter than movable finger, with big gap between 2 fingers when closed. Ambulatory legs stout, last leg with propodus about 2.2 times as long as broad, shorter than dactylus. Male abdomen T-shaped, sixth segment about 1.7 times as long as broad, last segment about 1.3 times as long as broad, distinctly longer than sixth segment. Median groove of thoracic sternum deep, fifth sternite with )(-shaped groove, longitudinal groove of sternites 6 and 7 interrupted medially. First male pleopod bent laterally outwards, basal 112swollen, globular, not hooked distally. Second male pleopod with a short distal segment. Etymology. - The species name is derived from the Latin, alluding to the relatively elongated last male abdominal segment. Remarks. -This new species is similar to S.guilinensis, new species, and S.yulinensis, new species, but differs mainly in having the last male abdominal segment distinctly longer than the sixth segment (not shorter or equal in length to sixth segment). It also differs in having the first male pleopod bilobed distally, and the chelipeds being stouter. Somanniathelphusa megachelus, new species (PI. 1:5; Fig. 5) Material examined. -Holotype: 1male (carapace length 35mm, breadth 44.2 mm) (GX7591131), Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, coil. 1975. Description. -Carapace slightly convex fore and aft. Surface finely pitted. Cervical groove slightly broad, deep. H-shaped groove between gastric and cardiac regions deep. Post-frontal lobes sharp, prominent. Post-orbital crest blunt and indistinct. Frontal margin sharp, slightly emarginated medially. Exorbital tooth slightly directed inwards, almostly equal in size to second tooth, notch between these two teeth broadly rounded, third tooth slightly longer, last tooth small and sharp, directed obliquely outwards. Subfrontal triangular region about 2.1 times as broad as long. Third maxilliped with merus about 1.1 times as broad as long, ischium about 1.8 times as long as broad, exopod stout, reaching proximal 112of merus, with a stout flagellum. of ' lJ :-'. " , Fig. 4. Somanniathelphusa longicaudus, new species. 1-8. holotype male (GX7591135), carapace length 37.5 mm, breadth 47.3 mm. 1.subfrontal triangular region; 2. third maxilliped; 3. abdomen; 4. sternum; 5. first male pleopod; 6. distal end of first male pleopod; 7. second male pleopod. Fig. 5.Somanniathelphusa megachelus, new species. 1-7.holotype male (GX759 I131),carapace length 35 mm, breadth 44.2 mm. I. subfrontal triangular region; 2.third maxilliped; 3.abdomen; 4. sternum; 5. first male pleopod; 6. distal pleopod of first male pleopod; 7. second male pleopod.