OCP ® Oracle Database 12c Administrator Certified Professional Study Guide Robert G. Freeman Charles A. Pack Senior Acquisitions Editor: Jeff Kellum Development Editor: Tom Cirtin Technical Editors: Pete Sharman; Syed Jaffar Hussain Production Editor: Dassi Zeidel Copy Editor: Linda Recktenwald Editorial Manager: Pete Gaughan Vice President and Executive Group Publisher: Richard Swadley Associate Publisher: Chris Webb Media Project Manager 1: Laura Moss-Hollister Media Associate Producer: Doug Kuhn Media Quality Assurance: Josh Frank Book Designer: Judy Fung Compositor: Craig Woods, Happenstance Type-O-Rama Proofreader: Sara Wilson Indexer: Ted Laux Project Coordinator, Cover: Patrick Redmond Cover Designer: Wiley Cover Image: ©Getty Images Inc./Jeremy Woodhouse Copyright © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana Published simultaneously in Canada ISBN: 978-1-118-64407-2 ISBN: 978-1-118-76331-5 (ebk) ISBN: 978-1-118-93191-2 (ebk) No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except as permit- ted under Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copy- right Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, (978) 750-8400, fax (978) 646-8600. 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This book is part of a family of premium-quality Sybex books, all of which are written by outstanding authors who combine practical experience with a gift for teaching. Sybex was founded in 1976. More than 30 years later, we’re still committed to producing con- sistently exceptional books. With each of our titles, we’re working hard to set a new standard for the industry. From the paper we print on, to the authors we work with, our goal is to bring you the best books available. I hope you see all that refected in these pages. I’d be very interested to hear your comments and get your feedback on how we’re doing. Feel free to let me know what you think about this or any other Sybex book by sending me an email at For my Carrie, my kids, and my parents. —Robert G. Freeman For my wife, Donna, and our daughter, Jenny. —Charles A. Pack Acknowledgments Writing a book is such a vast undertaking that it’s hard to know where to start with the acknowledgments. I also hate writing this part because, frankly, someone always gets for- gotten. That being said, here we go. Thanks to my patient wife, Carrie, who sits across from me in the bedroom as I write away. I’m sure she is tired of being a book/work widow. Thanks to my little bundle of joy, Amy, who is now 8 months old. She and Carrie both remind me daily of what is truly impor- tant in the world. Thanks to my awesome older kids. It’s so odd to have an 8-month-old and then fve kids from ages 28 to 21. Thanks to all the folks at Oracle with whom I work, they are way too many to name. Writing books is a long, complex, and often frustrating task. Thanks to all the folks at Sybex who participated in the making of this book. Thanks especially to Jeff Kellum, who was my acquisitions editor, for getting me involved in this project. I’d worked with Jeff before on my very frst book, and apparently he didn’t remember the pain I caused him well enough, since he asked me to write this book anyway. Jeff put up with a lot on this book; we really made the schedule something of a joke, I’m afraid. Thanks to Tom Cirtin, who tried so hard to get us back on track schedule-wise. Finally, a very important thanks goes out to you. Thanks for buying this book. Thanks for wanting to become an Oracle Certifed Professional. Thanks for any nice comments you might leave on websites here and there. Thanks for trusting us to help you succeed at the test! —Robert G. Freeman Thanks to Robert Freeman and Jeff Kellum for the opportunity to write this book. Thanks to my colleagues at CSX, some of the brightest and hardest working people I’ve ever known, for continuously challenging me to stay technically sharp. This book would not have been written without my wife’s permission, of course. Thank you, Donna, for your support through these fun projects of mine. Thank you to my daughter Jenny, who is now 13 and is sitting next to me on the sofa sketching MLP characters on her iPad while I write about “the Oracle.” —Charles A. Pack About the Authors Robert G. Freeman lives in Las Vegas, Nevada, and loves it. He is a Master Principal Database Expert at Oracle Corporation. He works in the Engineered Systems Group (Public Sector) and deals with things like Exadata and Oracle databases all the time. Besides working with Oracle databases (that’s his story and he’s sticking to it), Robert writes an occasional book (at last count over a dozen), fies airplanes, enjoys karate, and has a family that is awesome. He met Charles Pack, who is a fellow Okie (even if he some- times roots for the wrong school), years ago and to this day wonders if Charles will ever walk around without wearing sunglasses to hide his eyes and the deep meaning contained in them. Robert is the husband of the patient Carrie and father of six (and counting!) won- derful, if not occasionally misguided, children. Charles A. Pack is an Oracle Certifed Professional DBA with over 25 years of IT expe- rience. His career has included PC repairman, network administrator, systems operator, COBOL programmer, backup and storage engineer, DBA, architect, project manager, and people manager. He earned a bachelor of science degree from Oklahoma State University, an MBA from The University of Oklahoma, and a master of science in computer science from Texas A&M University—Corpus Christi. He has taught Oracle DBA classes at Florida State College—Jacksonville and has presented on the subject at universities and to professional organizations. He authored the Oracle Press OCP Oracle9i Database: Performance Tuning Exam Guide and collaborated with co-author Robert Freeman on Oracle 8 to 8i Upgrade Exam Cram. At CSX Technology in Jacksonville, Florida, he has been responsible for storage, backups, and capacity planning, as well as enterprise content management and collaboration. In his cur- rent role as Technical Director of Infrastructure Architecture, he and his teams are responsible for strategic infrastructure design, capacity planning, and system performance. He is a true cowboy at heart, and he loves to barbecue. About the Technical Reviewers Pete Sharman is a principal product manager with the Enterprise Manager product suite group in the Server Technologies Division at Oracle Corporation. He has worked with Oracle for the past 18 years in a variety of roles from education to consulting to development and has used Enterprise Manager since its 0.76 beta release. Pete is a mem- ber of the Oak Table Network and has presented at conferences around the world from Oracle Open World (both in Australia and the United States), RMOUG Training Days, the Hotsos. He coauthored two books, one on Enterprise Manager 12c and another on Oracle Database Appliance, and authored a book on how to pass the Oracle8i Database Administration exam for the Oracle Certifed Professional program. He lives in Canberra, Australia, with his wife and three children. Syed Jaffar Hussain has more than 21 years of IT experience that includes more than 14 years of production Oracle database administration. Oracle has honored him with the prestigious Oracle ACE Director role and named him DBA of the Year for 2011, both for his vast knowledge and for contributions to the Oracle community. He is an Oracle Certifed Master (OCM) for Oracle Database 10g, a status granted only after passing extensive challenges in a hands-on environment. He is also an Oracle Database 10g RAC Certifed Expert. Syed Jaffar is a well-known Oracle speaker and he coauthored Expert Oracle RAC12 and Oracle 11g R1/R2 Real Application Clusters Essentials. He blogs regularly at http://jaffardba.blogspot.com.