THE DEFINITIVE VISUAL GUIDE LONDON, NEW YORK, MELBOURNE, MUNICH, AND DELHI S ABOUT THIS BOOK 6 SENIOR EDITORS Peter Frances, SENIOR ART EDITOR Ina Stradins FOREWORD 8 Angeles Gavira Guerrero PROJECT ART EDITORS Peter Laws, BY FABIEN COUSTEAU PROJECT EDITOR Rob Houston Kenny Grant, Maxine Lea, Mark Lloyd T EDITORS Rebecca Warren, DESIGNERS Francis Wong, Miezan van Zyl, Ruth O’Rourke, Matt Schofield, Steve Knowlden Amber Tokeley CARTOGRAPHERS Roger Bullen, N INTRODUCTION US EDITOR Christine Heilman Paul Eames, David Roberts. INDEXERS Sue Butterworth, John Dear Iowerth Watkins OCEAN WATER 28 PROOF-READERS DTP DESIGNERS Julian Dams, E THE PROPERTIES OF WATER 30 Polly Boyd, Ben Hoare Laragh Kedwell THE CHEMISTRY OF SEAWATER 32 SCHERMULY DESIGN COMPANY T TEMPERATURE AND SALINITY 34 SENIOR EDITOR Cathy Meeus DESIGNERS Dave Ball, Lee Riches, ART EDITOR Hugh Schermuly Steve Woosnam-Savage LIGHT AND SOUND 36 N EDITORS Gill Pitts, CARTOGRAPHER Sally Geeve Paul Docherty DESIGN ASSISTANT Tom Callingham OCEAN GEOLOGY 38 THE FORMATION OF PICTURE RESEARCHER Louise Thomas O EARTH 40 ILLUSTRATORS Mick Posen (the Art Agency), John Woodcock, THE ORIGIN OF OCEANS AND John Plumer, Barry Croucher (the Art Agency), Planetary Visions CONTINENTS 42 PRODUCTION CONTROLLER Joanna Bull C THE EVOLUTION OF THE MANAGING EDITORS Sarah Larter, Liz Wheeler OCEANS 44 MANAGING ART EDITOR Philip Ormerod TECTONICS AND THE OCEAN PUBLISHING DIRECTOR Jonathan Metcalf FLOOR 48 ART DIRECTOR Bryn Walls REVISED EDITION CIRCULATION AND CLIMATE 52 DK UK OCEAN WINDS 54 SENIOR EDITOR Peter Frances PRODUCER Mary Slater SURFACE CURRENTS 58 EDITOR Lili Bryant MANAGING EDITOR UNDERWATER CIRCULATION 60 US EDITOR Jill Hamilton Angeles Gavira Guerrero THE GLOBAL WATER CYCLE 64 SENIOR ART EDITORS MANAGING ART EDITOR Anna Hall, Helen Spencer Michelle Baxter OCEANS AND CLIMATE 66 PRE-PRODUCTION PRODUCER EL NIÑO AND LA NIÑA 68 Adam Stoneham HURRICANES AND TYPHOONS 70 PUBLISHER Sarah Larter ART DIRECTOR Philip Ormerod ASSOCIATE PUBLISHING DIRECTOR Liz Wheeler WAVES AND TIDES 74 PUBLISHING DIRECTOR Jonathan Metcalf OCEAN WAVES 76 TIDES 78 DK INDIA SENIOR EDITOR Vineetha Mokkil PROJECT ART EDITOR Amit Malhotra EDITOR Himani Khatreja DTP DESIGNER Dheeraj Singh PICTURE RESEARCHER Aditya Katyal DTP MANAGER Balwant Singh MANAGING EDITOR Rohan Sinha OCEAN MANAGING ART EDITOR Sudakshina Basu ENVIRONMENTS First published in the United States in 2006 This revised edition published in 2014 by DK Publishing COASTS AND THE SEASHORE 86 345 Hudson Street, New York, New York 10014 COASTS AND SEA-LEVEL 14 15 16 17 18 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 CHANGE 88 192969—001—Sep 2014 Copyright © 2006, 2014 Dorling Kindersley Limited COASTAL LANDSCAPES 92 Without limiting the rights under copyright reserved above, no part of this publication may be BEACHES AND DUNES 106 reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form, or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise) without the prior written permission of the copyright ownder and the above publisher of this book. Published in Great Britain by Dorling Kindersley Limited A CIP catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. ISBN 978-1-4654-1968-2 DK books are available at special discounts when purchased in bulk for sales promotions, premiums, fundraising, or educational use. For details, contact: DK Publishing Special Markets, 345 Hudson Street, New York, New York 10014 or [email protected] Color reproduction by Colourscan, Singapore Printed and bound in China by Leo Paper Products Discover more at www.dk.com ESTUARIES AND LAGOONS 114 BRYOZOANS 305 SALT MARSHES AND ECHINODERMS 306 OCEAN LIFE TIDAL FLATS 124 SMALL, BOTTOM-LIVING MANGROVE SWAMPS 130 PHYLA 313 INTRODUCTION TO OCEAN LIFE 204 PLANKTONIC PHYLA 317 CLASSIFICATION 206 SHALLOW SEAS 138 TUNICATES AND CONTINENTAL SHELVES 140 CYCLES OF LIFE AND ENERGY 212 LANCELETS 318 ROCKY SEABEDS 142 SWIMMING AND DRIFTING 214 JAWLESS FISHES 320 SANDY SEABEDS 144 BOTTOM LIVING 216 SHARKS, RAYS, AND CHIMAERAS 322 SEAGRASS BEDS AND KELP ZONES OF OCEAN LIFE 218 BONY FISHES 336 FORESTS 146 OCEAN MIGRATIONS 220 REPTILES 368 CORAL REEFS 152 LIVING DOWN DEEP 222 BIRDS 378 THE PELAGIC ZONE 164 BIOLUMINESCENCE 224 MAMMALS 400 THE HISTORY OF OCEAN LIFE 226 THE OPEN OCEAN AND OCEAN FLOOR 166 KINGDOMS OF OCEAN LIFE 230 ATLAS OF THE ZONES OF THE OPEN OCEAN 168 BACTERIA AND ARCHAEA 232 OCEANS SEAMOUNTS AND GUYOTS 174 CHROMISTS 234 THE CONTINENTAL SLOPE BROWN SEAWEEDS 238 OCEANS OF THE WORLD 422 AND RISE 176 PLANT LIFE 242 THE ARCTIC OCEAN 424 OCEAN-FLOOR SEDIMENTS 180 RED SEAWEEDS 244 THE ATLANTIC OCEAN 428 ABYSSAL PLAINS, TRENCHES, GREEN SEAWEEDS 246 THE INDIAN OCEAN 446 AND MID-OCEAN RIDGES 182 GREEN ALGAE 248 THE PACIFIC OCEAN 456 VENTS AND SEEPS 188 MOSSES 249 THE SOUTHERN OCEAN 482 FLOWERING PLANTS 250 THE POLAR OCEANS 190 FUNGI 254 GLOSSARY 488 ICE SHELVES 192 ANIMAL LIFE 256 INDEX 494 ICEBERGS 194 SPONGES 258 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 510 SEA ICE 198 CNIDARIANS 260 POLAR OCEAN CIRCULATION 200 FLATWORMS 271 RIBBON WORMS 273 SEGMENTED WORMS 274 MOLLUSKS 276 ARTHROPODS 290 6 About this Book Ocean Environments This chapter looks at specific parts of the oceans. It is divided into sections THIS BOOK IS DIVIDED INTO four chapters. An overview on different zones, starting with coasts and the seashore and then moving to progressively deeper waters, first with shallow seas and then of the physical and chemical features of the oceans is the open ocean and ocean floor. A final section, polar oceans, looks given in the introduction; ocean environments at the frozen waters around the North and South Poles. In each section, looks at the main zones of the oceans, and ocean life explanatory pages describe typical features and formative processes, while the succeeding pages contain profiles of actual features. The profiles are examines the life-forms that inhabit them. 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Trnh eO icnetaRToTioOOAalawemrnrtPrfhao hh ttgoidEenupchrheepsNnaeheo ee dent eibpnocP rrntifuei Ohotfnas-oindaemlognL blDSaaatowPawoatdtn rYyi, erhgvFsrnct iuvtgftaotnrPst pu oaho eheth tdc iaitl isotSpchorieeseduclrcmi nsenifo sedm oc ria fiaaofumnenearcy irnhogirrtsl s caaclnaenaod -lotacmms re lcrrec.elul e woot .lsg ho gum 6Afdto ritttda. asshur erphrrtbai4a n rcf,tn es abe sao tz.tosaels˚w od idehlleiltiuTeoumydlFi rsmnctehmr fshrapCd tomses aih eeii ttoacetu (ciiraxt hl HCBrwztpeccpaIbrsohaipmse1ltsyeitr aaheebln snoiloaxa tlUoora ,hc,sss lo8edoe n eh eeent nenOd otit rstMefslloocunerrrafff˚bdrtfoeiyl auoa tx teon-snseuor rehcCdgl fAcoelnocp bh , Rc obo,uca t’m hptttao lsNartocht crsnaoneeiedauh ) mnhnoutihv itooo eidwA, neynathlctooI n i-enwseniedlMlaeinhplame naete gewaoridorcga ncL o ncta,erfil P es l rdiwireha cnl b tatwieolooS aAtnnd r,aos easshlifen ts kvelc,e taBnckeCreRreangw c n hse dicf.eeteef eaa pteed(sTtay eVir alaerReaerhnr,,sdeaoclo La yh. e rWRTtcwIoioae cleadraes etunntsphtwseoontrieoehccraf r mhI,Es htirsh e di.efiEseee a reeA itptestee ccfnrri e eTEi siaiihh hsetnatdioaatre tIca agiowghnRhnreesj F,hcleso Aeipeesil nnnin elarner c hra noau M rrarffcgs a cs odmass .Ac3eS,cawen tcrnis naodogv dptrce1w.,rsCh,s tsivPepe —al bas rRm-t6det oeaeoie.Twomoe rorpdrioaW7eef netnssmeiiElhrsanoshe oatphgtGbioteqwncaHtgflmedehy- i8rnitap A dneero oeiri Alosciwtaecivxrael mrfico cru Pr ffat sreg v)otS ei p n,(irTrrrls rgarsarfeocf7ogIh ieopioo.msenlutsseeiar eets aha. iEu,ltadsmNnetiwaaeuehsec la o7her e ncceum dcdznum afapRntoreennktneaatesafocntha(fn mc–nratirieeierg is hseh n sGesssuelptlr oefiire nintoedrumiie ttentls lss8m. p men anator ees e led o io acd rd osw ggacroffsAiI.rds cmtg4ccir- ai gd ne rr eu6attshb p n w en o csutactoif.o olo. hdmo,˚tt r le alo shc7 f svctn o aecsThfaes FlrcMec e etvsn ntfh antee )n eetatruhohinuhro,,hegiie he.ph cthstd d leneilre(irr eeattosy oirr ocefllee ,2ser ryos p o a ly y nebpesprld b als5pls pnutf o ee tlooiksu f–tr sr n,rw,f trrh e erlbkai 2chteoywgliislostCToweni od9enneeempi nwhfOluoahor fin˚ tcngiestdsnestLpoChns .ailfed tc Dsuaece Tsgoodontr tegti,)p n-ehf d rtoholrWnsa.he .ero yir d gTewtcrAoeoe s eai Apni)n dam wfn ewrnh m -Tiilesns soefpatng E’tpaoseh, ahti nh oto atRrtndnyLshs hmeo ioeodm eolvlga dsunC rlypci g aiumnmerO tta hsstpntcsogroratra suehn Ruo hsittankieaw1nlcAe beehidtwgro,aletsdoid6tLsrr sir e oe y5poaeo mfsatoc, p .c 0erplnb n t osnwttao orioOCEAN ENVIRONMENTScee eSTbca1cIsgifhaheotdstnnnClttuootlr6htrfomhrslhr Ty sedcoeea o y (sar it laaats5Ohefosannsnw nO iiara isp t etlp e0ihtcnlyuncdmcN,t gw sst ne (tgs d0seheeuhf5iesroc hraRnulY s ri sieorpp o pon fseiamnohrpo mii u asdot wober daCgefiawnit Achgcaop)eegfnr)on.w ae.uutOs r l ih or loo eirIsysomosmu.iLaatrln a tRstunef.fe twfasdig con d fthelrer faAAna vdasyceeefieieertr,grtvebnR to nhnL.yew oad nhr iniogba e ladbi n d mu uEft epu tsy o eutsgh a p sw Eslt . . FSSLSone1NLswOOox2hofeCCu RTnachsa0uiAAttthu thrEmihTTs imcawtEIItisOCEAN ENVIRONMENTSssoPPeOOahepp Fere 1NNAA sTr s oearJlfi5hiaF itoCCema cnsee a3SSLup Rhr oIIilAooh onsFFlerT,atuuo T hfIIseeiisnttwnoCCs hh expeOeab oe eet tie frr hnFars OOifenec,1noees FRmiee CCoct 9eI de nPgafiacosfft8aEE disoAeyar nsvroo0AAt acgrtoNa nIeefsNsheNNf lsetar Ts haJusia osa,tApbTACTACdbfiaf((iWW soisfi42anfYYaalsOOpt RRRga reene ,,IhyPPrmaEEs0 asENENd aayaflr ai,EEqThAAnI0nriaDD SSna c tkSe oeuie0cw u3ghgIIgg TTrFFmaTTsno iL15 i roaesrro0 IIrnperlgiAr0,i iiOOqkdeeI0nLnnagr ut,0 giauNN ea s Ns0ohggg limcIailrtanfc q0 miisn caasR sD finntr raiu Dl hpiseltsbnanaegg1caemsioaaia qona.d 9eprmsdhrrmrnuekdsm9se) eeteia , o ,s8laeed lik aren fnap,gffmebe tgis sat2etyn oa o), bkht0d rhmgle 0 etbe 7 e ; y skwRdtatrndrN5IvilbwBDvavisoopeenae no0ieemieoLlnohrreelseida udsUecl0oitwdccsffe encrcipaesoangaEc homlgswaaitidswi cdvradt n e satente nRefoolTesse’ eho s rereas uIisploa inrsegCt Dccinsanstttcl,mailrrksi rn aehl ot arGeoeatvldey oiu et -onprgenn..sievEenn or rlgc fat.Tgio rsMyoy sy aro vcTfrmCtea ioeahr ilsclp ehseisrOe ntelrte tahrrtaalet(epnoehh taoo x,Ring nHs ef flmg ewctt tea o cynAeinhy hfhrbfdvoi seora- drarmLrean oa abeeeloe,rvl oot a ii ivmo,rIcuere exobn aire omfsbeotswgnnpfcd t ppuhwlnhlm l theeyohayo a olathihte ndebiorat nu gbl aannar.oherscinosru lrildatlo uI nss ionfeeeto f ckaiasorsei s coo l dfv n t edu icrt, i bitoeaise bf.nt s.ealcvth nop rehru o lrAfurbHucf eeaaii lre nwsetrinsoniaslrnanr qi lo f et looepdrnh stccst tuoadBaploetoosehodwurion aai)lsqn oirlrndue uiiv .nt nauoe seeetuoahgpd senFgtelhdsffvmfec rahu e o ,. odtee,e o oer t hert sa r aehrc frna r, eis atenln . l s CIraLTLTaa(ttsso(oRawtftimatiabianernnnouhhOohmshontrmrn Ouffoe eehoCuseodn te reecd peaadiRaiAhf cstmaa gtoelrryel nlvnnI leithTf lli rulvlAsebdlficiin oossfe sanlIl5n TdgsunlP eOssensi lr adL1oims dinpntug0i tut l.NmnuA bserbt,t hpnweeao,Bh hDetyh He 0ggl ffe2 abgeCoba e tloa csel CR r esei nalEh,t0 ecib,tn–atnula Irfeao)d e hfcOi rsorFe detreen,n0snaae rnseasBe woeiuogteee,sPIahe e gat tgff dnoa gvCurrtfdb acaairinsrn-efrereaamlreooce n)enfipanhsOstec a allsxvsp d rt Oe ise crrpylc ohth,emar SrahFvhehe i.t heo tneRo el r lncCu ceFtrf m ehnruCe. 1tnRdaothtlaaesenao,rie uE r irtca fd9epstr Efifmdeowsc so e lenb ySeA uaeisoi9 oi ossus c nrunmd reiey csmdhNaepohR0tuefsdoeaar,rierhfeg rletaa eafsi ,nrsgiiamosfMye e a TACrbr(tWn ,vsn. raf cbl1cea e hmtYaie lnO lpR. Tufi kteese g3 cuohnigcioaohPbEspENheaayeteeao0l ss elfEoAh hwabneil DnSlinsnacv, sp eh s yt m nesg soni oheIanlaewce. h MT A tqTtr S aof3 Tsairouhre ya3 oaeF In(atudieta3rfhdoOlusennsronamuf d ga ts5cg0lmo ataeNgo isR eldi usi lrte tib 54 CIRCULATION AND CLIMATE tohtclOoheAetoe Cahsosk na Ecraiswzi otnAg efl amesdig oNntahl eo lpt n ta oohrGaoh,dpfle sseoEt eits ih grOdt hph iiiiectseorLca,ohs n aOpsotcca leerGco ernat ciefsoigbYc tmastviiii nhnonne▶eeggengssr. INTRODUCTION gababswbtodrTaECTtramraamEttcatcOTlt(irporatshithhyhoohvholclnnoohgoCh AvaaeritnhefrpuieieeectcaEeaoddetufflme dcoecnrim eleRk,k ne Acs evM rt hi wcpusle kMde eapoundruas ahipsseNi.lTEct rrhoidn,er,Tpes nhtatnh blkoers nc o-arugiwooah ypihritmyatcemoFHpta ehdyoaillnv odneheoh s dcnenLssht sioeevaMPfsoboha)ca nt r ur nea,cpO ieoah.eenoota’tst diab.etrfes rrxbhrlbtahhl tlaltTSuho irO sAsnT ieeetytnrrpr itue o anneefhcoiioshttineuepsdhem peieRtNcr dtnefhfatdr d edpedrg hatpheeavf ltb shle oiroO e t bTleo Sgn h ngah m ,ngnaieanea,eethttioen obaeLf fwntn mftoTia sts stnweeuN ou etc Cr stEtMeio opet uR baremmgfictmestesna t oo ts ihemds hbaR U emr fpotnancolElmrsl d oaft ieriw goita ereelhtis mgrchOhautnCef hh ssnsmrooh ndf Aeiys ai h ofs eo nrfi .toem.rCtTlntt)eeseo flwt t acufgrar ach .th rnTafaashS m UaoKaNa rtOrpuocoaeaCrmiTntgmel ese e nmllevooctrnChsntuSoi Ronetautnc hen ueu ioiadeatmm dec adlSrcih sftˇoEkreeaidi hq ontiech loroos tf lb( scceatce ctesnrn ´cuitnahiad vcemyueh afhsilricrrcoft,rdaosoFenecoiugui e ciptetuoetom osiek ptcaik smicednuotlmaar nnOaw csas f n fmreis copunrhuc t,ph eep asclg ctaoerdblswae asoouvh,ncptmtp o Cawon o cdpnoensr)(di rntnRne zrsilp leoprhbsnftyfarecatnr iittueo nvriiieteio,plifohueeie acemcisencyct he t tnmtrM na tdrzdsiianecrtn wetst reooaeta snmiainoggit ciat eoeirg,ate oisdttkmdcnrdecfiu ,npcln yuonneo r.r la atilhnkEo ,ga s t icgttd aoesadT iealtetvo ndsiihnirc ,pnafrceei t rmDvykcyno gtmdoraoeyn tlsiao .f i h rtrefsed eestp im nno rlc or uty v e utdee lrds.semfeg ehoM wces f e o fls oficei gkmenttliarltatrasdts o tossOur rhso toms,tsoiuc,enl. ooccsbmi etshni a iwtrertfrofmwcsR hryInchiunf e ignaeeuraecpnqrnnos hondoa d ,caEcons vot ssotu ,an geiotc ciitop oetinccnsb rmnta ko fth T lekdshlritry ewltesfcesooiattiet a Hri. dnrngaah zwmllytnelWnopoauini eehh,tleA’ nnttsyseesnrmbai oetOTcouiotclihiomea e.aicg,or l tntheN iiltn r roxni pfocfase e net,amhwragy um i i t ttnccg eptdc clts ncol nehrh ft s f ousf tk4arner-etuertmh i ieteiti rwulr.nomeaornnthvlnie dcbrstio gIais TTrlSccmw4atcbecrare eeiii emcieovttoeooeh eHstmn nuhblere ssohb nrcdicennihse lie s cmancEaesig ikgegmaolaeltttmt.sctoOl r teibt soal iannlncl nneoa hoOeh c niiada iLmoniian aauoa oanl ui entqtaoeLo.fednnsatnc nntcc hrnstll tosn DT hecsaar c rte p1snttebd cui nmc teyioihh diyBEietr o dca,at stieoe5en e oteehCoriuSadaac itCelsn rnmafg naeol –atn sfr mrTno ftyoussweestnrtfih erteo besnr h ths 4tiehat hcrmrnrcriRsec,ouanadsi,s laina rphosfe at3nnom efy,rnbotOirdepuIt atmns c olltatla ls.eagdl uida.tgathed Ch kydsueesarrlm r shihI u’n san.yrsuss s Kha7nanlde mgstii,e ntiepi mdkStnas ern id q hlndtt ei l mfyapa i sere aouatcg nitl wngee , stcharcroii rogh rtldeem o e(iyieteufl fisbt2le e mhia gs,ea hmtbt as.c5a ntlu oaht me(r tahserBail–ic1ad e veeustnc rmflc7ogaba1r esoo dseatrslso0 amcntl leetuad iy c,ek e rla,n btnal fkgciesa s uimtteanrutntiuno in.hmalens shonalToycte t)ast m id ng,t)isynmvheni fn hlvatrth g c eoiarifaeyf osdstr,seoeaee rooon anca .wlid s nw scnionnsslot mruets ds am e gh. l arormt inmdiem o ofctgtBoahpflalirhuchcrwnc n ocpciaooo eoeswfles fe eaw rkr estaa ots t cmteaer“asesoths trhr tuoa ndbi s,de p svtu pcesafdotc adh teileoro wctrveyatknucoyp adeeurenswp r cdetttisut,tkn ttd huesi hslahihsc tirdsan to lora”e i vl. ec eato n naa nh,wti site t sairh nl eg pocrrczacmuieimomsraacntinototteiiinncnvrgi eeac nrtlsrZshyoteaIescRdlt k iaeCcmslarOsure,Nl sniett satr y pctsflminhiorontaiinewcmknktri,itnfei nletwengierv s ienmet nhta aacoblenu octtvrl eue s5t 5 DMflobcgroofeEi rossnwlmVetoidtsnesEiail nifig nLfbcimndwenoc soOta mnatuaalitlnsrPneiottnsnquaatai nMn diobtundldlnlete naeiete Etsurd l solbsh eNooa cad oie fufoyeTflla rlutetsrtl ooy,hdOstedm l wmery e.a Feabr a t sbcyC cnturo oOhtutllvhtreseNicbmeeet nrh T ygaucoe Io bcsNtaiinonotorE t nvtpntiN envhuo uiTeeflrnl oAci ee sgtumdLaiirsnv e cCa agehiennpR nmttaUsrleruatStosn Tnitoleen WDmbhlnoloSwtoioyoyqifcausta edumttrhttpavr hoaereiatiorodnergernovtoe l g i eecg aevmaawewsenna rliapwhntsdrnla,aedr h yaat ticlt iwti cea nieecedhttaaeoenhrhr eoag re,rpa, ct dpbr ne r v haciloereatoi poemaonthatean hefdicapenee rncd vaa evppeoassxo aern .ila iadrvcahiutlmipsrAcnM emeytinyucsi go4ne ol.odg w tl p msoTtos ltEeidnotex ,lbro nl homae ifo eewtar,ihnci -3 gdadauue rmld wseo ulsi ts.it et lsiinc5o t pwhofdmaooy,ffscflhr op bu ior anounb1aegt esiehpmnlrnhtsttmrrl e5ihevcaho dehylepdem ete- lvetreesa n hieorc e2te i qaoEtwa ehtssttfaxsoin0ma uiro.iino tar cyztaruoaw s enIlirrr ogper itotgctgn yt inaieia antvehekrsoevh,gwhrsg spernd’laea n teosc yehadva rl e ls,.e ifi i ssa eTEaacabom,n nhsf v n opannbefHrersiaiis otangr docneutnssoE egeetv tat veul nh c aaidoar rEemoernr rn.haifhti A. el afieft oiltySab inh sRcl on adc srete soeeLctaa s ta Y odrmesa fl rltmabgen te oougrnctEynaorovaieachrtereemr aAsf domuknpc ace,tadm i sRe esle ds pn wcccowbu ts aoT gaaoeaw ccaa insHar cdo.tnmeorlai teh ttldtTdfaiwamysreea c eeehnmevn r tate.dee aeoasdh ter tr lreie a foocunnlrrryasfcgpo ti fene n mtrdgaiooo nem n ss rfmrifaotgsv moe ceacnputarsr wtofh cernu st ATfcooohcNremimsDa penrEoadiAcsd fiNaatriron o VmidnmO ciaaLsong CnidenAte itBKfcfosnNseooohfneAirrr OtnomonmemveawaeNwtEtwaotrd aeeaaalmDuSrsaldrtdidnlttlcnrp iEyveii o rvvaaoagasaat oDroseonni nst as,coilvp e rc si,rc sIkwtcns aa oehRpahestb sp hnaheen.oeOseb oo niror rtaNosoaeostswre nx xn e ldsstiiayded oedn egeye dec ee ndarsinr em-n ei tadrchdeoso a nnenrtot dt ec.nk t INTRODUCTION coooIgsaennorrfcc o gvdteetuaeh aiaenorpencnsin h s pidt lms hbls cia ffeesaowne gDsa.elteO iilT rcM,otnae hoahwAns IclidNtgwoeslh a edgaiiesEnsty nsu hb ei cadifiaya mrnirtna eyvhipaladdmi erldo . o haekvIsfilmtidei s nlkr iteaisovgins lnidrlf teeoogyoowsldf tm l o odoa ffow soom s,mf mre ef.mtludahearr cisetbin th noyiosoee f ro ar ngll rii dalf foaenkeirvf, ii g aisntidemhnngreeddd sd si obvett hhimcaindcteatisutt oo e waamn rlnsai ,m aaysdkpk ,aa tieeinhnlnc leuadgi etrt pd hasm go.r etTcrhm aohchersuaai e nsepo eaesf ,. 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Scownasewitonwstetset. Ftirr A eerbeeo—phsco.skondoat nei, eT hToaunlivid ofenn csli nyse r ttnuriesa,ita hhhtn odrs rhnnetw g nle wietr wee afraewsostath i rraehr el nsyirldolis enee.ttanindna e eh te) edm nn ae r -▶dsralady.l s ysti . snddsy. lao7tw aaap6cBOdbtyrrirINTRODUCTIONe rrrnRoepepoen sausiErpewtceps enE zaoiasueirndZlrfsr lra Y bmyueltcole l srero Cwmcee nwOov ptWaesrAea srriSstlna seAT t,osu OWWAhsbihwwflemPApwlpabetaosaawt iVfinrauiaeat hAyufnsctpegenaennridtn onmartrthe teolctEIRr veeatwtwhtAgichepfhtovwrreiinlddeagwceporhT eecc doetretasitoS fecV atetlleIe hh blo s serveieeh miotslCau,ewalrbi afvrsper eesueyenss e tdtirsdcaEguiLt ieeb ar csnivoaers A v ro lefrnmwl h nprEmoecie eyeole papn S teomyfttflatvce- oarprf esitlaeeglrwnmNowstMete edo feo e sai erewcv w.:yyi.vo sosseotdwfccrn s wan raeA fntO euPehTtrDat,yea sph Otgfwi dhss br raa shiheo tlVcneyaw osics n.,oRoen e onae swar enleuf b srdnEenItaaocvocdr sn nrtTheso ole stsMbevsypocn somEeoad edasaeawesaut vo rherostee —Itho awi svrfeny 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rsoss(nerlg,w ukoe ua rio Ctb ihfore dostciTu,tsbt mslsaecdreashs tt ho wh c igorLwuwarff tmoige gIatuunpebhi hsanedlfenet oCefieeOoasiccoeimbi wlr ermhh meoss srlasvq c eeh iyveaeptYsg auteN sanikehp aa sdarewomnesht,sebkseratauece Ciw iceg o t esdr Ettoe.r mesoannfcpskine iu i esi i snL a an fssTlu Sompclh nrtt sftr c aha elrOrbs. al hbrtpsariroua rie s eBWtcowobm r totirerycoeiduageuoy .AAohvmhear hNon hgc mftemssai aat Um t r4oae sse h peaus binN 2eomrtcetmeews lEe mdetpsawtrvor eIre yl efola0 hohd,nse ueoL9 DSa a reu yw ara. h.o m ˚iieki b.nse oD eb rnclf nsic.pv vrrsnd et a )auO enaee eewe e htIiorisoeiano t rtdN,g-gfiumi dnress ,hdd rsgia o mntueticu —ine Ghe ocih toss trcoslsrdalheto trapeifs aftuwpe n ed,tWs i wdtat ar foyideulpaneh.he rbnpslccailanOpfidir yteAei rnfte nuv alstpaels tafecWIgbagbsspWWpgFtwtcfdchhiow eNhl beVd ad,reetcnuetwohiwlenr, io (aoaeisetys-yrrrreei efioScErf t rstrwegtasissg ss eer ti ooeelnao clnvSc n ius eHoeincenwhurela abviheuaatnrsaaghwdons npyesudtn eiofn.anlhehtOel bdrtredfse nusreb,ueto lhe euefd,vceffd le I,u p uegrmm sg.hae,R roi aecvvu oo ail ren srplreatith twaHaaStcr , evad lla Oldascr Etfzo ,hwetu-—alilcheidp aatt . t rrl lefy oehe yteeto eelet ogupls3atlhemih naalioooetehpnBaihnihoyt e ee,e“a,oo ycurtcnlrqiae uht tin nprdie1dohtaRmeeeeuufigrn nm W t.d iudde nuclun l2c rp acmdo d u cgtdheoatWal s Ee) snd rtcfwhiadePGsh rwannao raw.enaehdte 5 tpuhali ”ar .hvnho se noeEire q agenneep tirtuagosoassfito-mcddaeiprssni u eie odeo,cZniaha vtspahriiidn nryw un vpT h eretermthsvn rufach ipsrmroenetiEedsm vfnmeliehn h eei c aass rk a.oshiedceg, etsneuoosa tngns h winbeed ocl mrg en n yipuls,r:Ch o usrns nn,meoi la tnarcoraaad sd gk e.reai—pflye n act H pahy rodriaw nmi lav lzigyipeiatahyle r p lnng flrl e mrwnotampnleil ensoywoayyxecenpaiteacce iyene,ra(outrddoi,vs gidsdsls cvro zt eie4 ,ndaal tromtt cpuo ua ef etmldsidlo f,aioeeheevl g ftssng at aa0i ehtsvtavedc.aia ban etns ntlihn. cds s rrehepirre”,ssarlee ebyfieffurhrel ieorsyoa reawllegdo o ktnseel rdesegtrpesai y fowycsneoywmaerle t. e eesesia . pnun e lcwdueev.alTt lh sih it ra st a ao hAot dnfhaereAspdavwcrmihasacs lp“sem inv ettifir inahhorerdt,sbstnii naeadler n l nzse)rsOeer orn, sidatir aoy sow aod croi f ,ool no(eazb eded ioad rgtuaevfFtso ateo n sfftscv t,dhel. angpea ud ohaowsa Fts or oei e.h esbchpgpof cdaeieaoL g ogsetnSu uTutr cwttsve ralldletthaonsneurra vreahd oerwht.ynH a ovcreee t.aoess y8sheteb wnv eeetfdr oFw reW Oc ie )iwirn”cstsn i.a hudpd nrgcafitri ezs det icpkoa dTRdafaesavdhsoe gatgii-eewepe trtbby c leiwvwEl“rvnhh ille m t rscsnshpninct i dyeasdoasb acec cacse(phhnfoegpaooeesdaeBe pa cdtiifproelhi d2nul oy hsaesavroeoas or sr hogfieRiuoaox lfvsfwleeps,i eo. iweieas t enldg lue arrumfcfvaEd en5 tactclngldcw e r sce anegsao wSAsostncysaaa nhowwuOltbsrntEwe amiruesh emstwwa ehvgapiepuio.tofdheriotWedn iccmrte oZfgiumddhyin nenpts endaaArrliniDLtWatcr s mho eavaanhcnafseenEnd swf lap ahhegtnek otoywc faor.gnEets ,vt evdtAc aseun e ic h waevsrvr)ar edeiTgs.anotit lldai elevd L n nsnarwiecsdeec.Yenoern ey limwdhsrcrd dlec I sleL nstseoneep wsrtmsdrl ss eaa khhsls , tnw s eeh astws eAehw e. doapahe trym towsidcrnat ewm an ha aiuswa in hm hey sa dIcnNeewdaaeaovcastshati we c. tnwdo—raneiha gttsi teer ivsrnirehyrvkr DeAdeideferontee ragi fi ate ayoseo ia e nns vstrCI4wCTmwraaoe ssoFWcwrtrcuge w hganmyd npv mhislieveeNpeg tpia –h inroauvseUHAi tdnloudnqa n,na aitrerudnnaer feaba e.a nta .eeeal in i 2edIN ipuiruhl ir nLoevvlmOPgwtn svf sh tsfGzogTlWetr ,crsoss lio rpal.0aroen r ihkee Lifcma ue dgeaees aIare,efhocPh ees oitomiyHt wsffYf cpLoolhlcpoantitat esrcippegakiv ihe estlcr eean senf tPs nflohLh dvnotoiTn csg, ca vnlta, vranmten bhdrnnetpm Detit rtha yf nfoeeYifAt gpeh tdnsneenoow(urhu.ee eea,hiarotrgg setench1glwlr,eaEo epla o yrlrhgRheat ei settoreamiueSroe sprlee0astwsds—br tVyt ndr ahhh. e ac a eoatYf wr d hs ep ene e–r h Estauw ss.tafo g oEc ltvhuowsreff:t- fas. eoot g dars ufeia5A rdrae 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iHs n enkho rmwvt nWetgngletdweieenaehs t -hde”eshiuirwps safrdr npre eesb ptAeigrsvri.yai e lgars t dcyoetaetes r a .iVt io i srcahpda ciiibcmoTnoue—eg k haruhSSssgtErcnrnrg exoiohoinehpe,ahicHniti rso,tp d aeggotiSaa g sogies.nO h to le febkasheer hl ol ush sAdonietla rael l tkhtier hweytbnsLa-le broe se sa e Igs o r p Niwd etg o,bih G haci tett dc A.ercue mWruNr.ct srrTlDlh esahea ofseBans nw eRwer td,hEa a bebAvvau reetKcetwohse r Ialtate afNeeahfkslnsntes fGteh ght . tgwertoh hehrcmrea ctea vs wo ne tttod aio vdieneeel iepeontcnhcg udrtohrf s wcwtwbs. olaseoaai cutdiwtvhflonse e ate rteed nh dbmrode eabwI ogcs uytntei int auochsta n ee l eenpaaAAttTeasthohhnnshe eoTrde ie warnrr hscnwab eeghtdiprnauesvae tlyevvodt:erve r s eietreradenanthes i scedscasot a, einrchl tcauirecdrd i onphe eaawr rioa s pl toswraotacleescaisnrywfnetna sritotood ship sevosotieobn aesn e sb hai irnocn tt r teStrhehsmie af hieghsel e n iehaanepib iwhnsnangcekgae r hsigisshoe .aw egn o e esttetd vhifha ohsa s net ktr lw oc byeatesflc reoro riapraoeotd egilnvaoecem,oo kyeadnsot rel s ghp .og sctTrtenh n fraoenn ahsbms odcosbirmeastuoefu ddsacatnle ilkh doiloc eneyawd hn.wbrnk to. raI os aguetnwS v htaetpae pkhn,ea a —sifi esby lsnhplt uhihawaWWb(wwottwtWtcoabglontnbtluhhhhynaneoleenceaa rgyaAh aneeeeth anvt ndtanc evtv Vehfeeeeytv n ngocbnur ee)rceEcfa- hff ere s o hf ria arrserwd ,rr rhcyn Roshesee anonslhe ena aaddo Ea (dntgcanedcsatnnaonvgotseFp toltkit aesactrd eflRad r aebnelf wsaaedsnhccoaeeyiAinos ,rs ptrnzeewl trua ct Cse etneafs tnapohaoshls t r dT nahwussnltde ulhoe e.t olenee wtsIkap1ocenhsyesaotd Oewreom pdcwn t taoe tp0ysweapsaeNaaiaae cs ahrdng ra6 rt rerrnltseheb,( uv.tdoh a h es s hh )scs ardd wotcredzrhrtr. f aeo y etoelooyar ib aa srni v ef fsolhfenaerlanhwitaurp eelatnaic anteocnelnisahpeoesg n lcicew c d tlewenne. tl.stnr i.s hco e 9fl T shnare cgshdieao og3saesnees . hva ,fvdy t), ge r it e s e rr erINTRODUCTION.7 7 Pfaoglleodswei nscsg(wcfietiuohlnrnrdahcooloi dgsonhibduwtisrg CryeucSaop-iL sa ficcPpusf Ao tbuotcE hppSieutrCoeadyshoStdtGInits ehelEEsnoi hiisoedSSRw nicfgao tr n acOeibnoi pootdil )U87rien hha ntncge3 isfan iPn,ht aos e6 otaes a c8nrsrtIifhml3rarhNi,n as ior aebamTcacwn tethnRisedndoy O ra in cihncDs le ocatgUironsceeCsu s nbind,Tfiee teuIcrh OsosaaaculfNtv. ria toii Ahbol▶nlleeryl., OCEAN LIFE AMTmbsubtom(aabBBwhtfTcmbaFaMhoishkolahosnisnIuioorrpsiuhveodshVi ledtvpeooect nss odvaey thtetpdileA yisiaea eglcetsevtsl suirltfc r msevi eilnoelLKdclaeshp th napsnenaeteeCevteiVt DPIf dlrSsel na huNpaans.h(bL asoonmstHdsOec Et PrmrselyAnol,as tGy iaa lniMubyY E Msbhip aavnso -gScna lgDnAyt icoi CLsh etaereosn(SuoshAsalUObr.ethfetI(feNemlg b els EE ote lIea rMMeAelcsdee ola Namel))SSe ilseAmhplrlbt tx pll snrs fyul ,il ae,oslatlTor herv,r e odeci fu erludios u soEAM87ffOmdeong d bga oanq to 3domkuymsnsm l ptoehhMor,hvdicnuuew6iklnuienslmrsdt tuvap8leeecdwuru) n Yrdt smo 3rosaei.dtnt sehaayo l a idlc o hh c aid-.lmashngnaadd uamralreie t, s kdec u t lvat dus h,daach yeoee viesamsr enll annaks dmy erao fr ptdeafarsgcs ,a as o.oow boe dl l lewntrahhacgeMudmyrdtieoltchiuael lB hvl ilaes lmkv viiaaI utod bhiVnnectctedet cylhAaleaa s j t lshoe,aivoy e uLa flke)hsgwfipaliVs o r t mt.sihih ymsncEloslhunskTsslor,he mofoaaaAowo easSunaw hmrlsl) snlrHftlylfo nMoo en mi,tue tte oaEflss sfdrtstwwidreteb mlbiroLaelcfhquaOtpsilhe u Ln crordsoorelhohbueahi,at ulrucmdstseoNl d ruoir eeaeeedrlhhh tnl m iany r s ssnedttewaspchGaybaattyuekh ,,sa ayo u rvsl mdlomoa veasvca e s spleai sruirlldnfnseyTmestceyt c al ooyuosacys ysobdh lsCCoTiaali uHshs nebhross afh emeritEjti cf fl ,ar lsesioa er mlpwmfaPaamsemsEcav aaaldsogi lethkwyieHcsupstlh lpyavsniaiuo onaatp.yguirecae ilsAi elsppstlTscMsdldlsiaheeleevtiokr ncmhLntkhiase ,gr,tssa pdoemuim re Oohs m hakeyttaltnoOoad l.aossin ehaPoh lae v reedp bd p , dCprmvelj riOefh na sirltrnSag tyuelree sone la eDt ateha woehnmahhlhTeu d ttetird sv narcapgncpisehaAoreesewnsmcexlstve. n asron cnhiNald ognltehe toaimSt rap lat vu(naeh aiaA mnl .—iSilwa nsuUs dstee oiagfnl slsn TSl N o losan rar ohnrueiwOsfioecgifglCad rSApttgsne u t,-lpe mcg Mehe ht s rir lmiPeIe omfrli ttL rpCsseoat; .eIdeeavoYl hovb Rt o odlifySsilro ife Eho nnoeA eeooprd sHo vrtupg sr iLtt gS errEumoho, .ev ota a u SfLsi,mst r ns eLditiiF mso ehw ntfc nUe,nasry so tgovystaspaRTlmwapne Lhaon.hc;tsEa taoer e eGToslassbstwt d ll egaEt oheeriMlnhoh ssahf e nA gleeohrsaeF estamlaefeoe tggcrhps rsiwt-S. idilldrt loa omaeo D ftlill hbuevhbTmosre d inopls u qflbWot aasfo R)vdsutsuoiethamc o cidlncrdaegfs esOvn, rcduazeooElfeays e ly roeartat co 3rvPptp Lahsll voaaoiac4lpo,na arrp i rnoLi Ovet egfrtmwpo4lvnasltauleytIegd monla linlDetm0N hmnlaaprresin s(n etmeradt 1 d(on, tsdG slceA eoicl (sineb ( detnaas yyntdimfu o Ncd. kse iGfallactc( saortulat t 2)sboT.llrA O)mu usnahgnht a.aii2ry atlTh atr,t Lmseee naeI0ce hek rneO hlne Io afyrl a eAy stygkoerMmide ain) ds me Tg s ,e r dve bY)Hshtye. has se aaclsea. ,nesne rhilvudO yan yir eeemrerwc al tisllshtna.suhh y.leg .dsee re, relsl e s 7 Atlas of the Oceans PACIFIC OCEAN SOUTHWEST compass direction The final chapter of the book is an atlas of the world’s oceans. It nwahmiceh ofef aotcueraen is i n Great Barrier Reef iwnidthiciant eosc epaonsition includes maps of the five major oceans. The pages that immediately found follow each whole-ocean map contain more detailed maps of selected TYPE Barrier reef regions of that ocean. All the maps have been produced using data map shows AREA 14,300 square table of collected from a combination of satellite- and ship-borne instruments. location and, in miles (37,000 square km) summary most profiles, information They are labeled to show the names of the seas, undersea features (such goef ofegartauprhei cal extent CCOroNwDnIT-IoOfN-t h Doranms aSgteadrfi bsyh ; (vcaartye gboertwiees e n as ridges, trenches, and seamounts), and prominent coastal features. coral bleaching sections) They also show ocean depths and LOCATION Parallel to Queensland coast, the boundaries between tectonic ▼ REGIONAL MAP northeastern Australia 161 As well as maps, these pages also include plates. Features identified on the mmRdeu1ietbcir0cvneepmnliurshf smnodfbiiv oenneb 9a q herebG c vat em io e2rrrpsueptn aad m8iSreyo eaafacPmapte0iatnxf igsegaolls 0trhellsrih1nnre-Ry e t sda areeola,eeics0atss lwaae c;c mmh iocishd ) rhkpagnt h irateamo)pyaay eeei.dpns, i lnc ss n r d ldo , ee e s f , Hs(iffidbIiNiHTdsb(Awa2nrntpsuvngle,uas uoe eh0 tiueehach rnssesaNebm1aotr0ctheemia rircbti9fiotnus0sto vtiu uoebho laa8pnaln nuneassascrtasai g8hg lan adqnag tntc soabe,th heUilo e suTkgdhc o foto)aeapdMS ha re-.enSdban o oaar,rinbeer M t to ffe ef ccdaaesN enbatPgt eh crtPqee eh.smyagaf oaminuTecifacouhnenj arbspv todrl br a ihrureacaei(rhurlyco rralt 2ir heesedsaie pUaPsi titood1t emousi enm sfipchantsuf, unsNrmg oor5,smiiri c iesfin rnkhn aedn0mneolcEn tsu e,nu,aeat h 0gd eJnhtmaSsrteascmadd esi saw innoCnsoh t,g fi en dorqinadtadurnf oeo egsoOe guioerp uhe av memne.,s mivtar orpediiftn ah CaWirnanyshpeorleni engo erlb acngaroeriuf g2 i dvono es fr moo rrtt rut0aa arr ev baih)vaur1nell2n1oree.eld enueeese 9d0o3fdcnner ossf9 1h f ,t f s ay 3 0s s .). 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n ffi)n emp,sohe rcogAor fia iSasaea,Nioqsaa fs ee i ernenf pofralutitrThtrrea lcbweee ceco sLhhsd eoardws,duturytsele l h,ifrt-fielahaeee) miof tee sspapL bestma nhf e bsesu fh,krnsi i hN a. ftdaEt ym ni f T gin.nrs ) eeaS o. hi w dgasT l,t fii Gag MAsMrghMsssbhVeeehuuo oowoOvwrtc,oiroE lloueonOoyiiaaordddrutnreeR Rgee r,dnaaa dE eelydbf,e.yAT, ras pudi ,a nd aatE.tnagh erff Ttinesdsn Beo othdg sicfsm hn e RretwBoe eaderrehtodeAei ifimlr r coeiabeTanhfnle-eyse mi’E B sfn iooshc svt fos?lo aeitamsrr rnanicauooblos dtnuluthmehrsn-n a puitoonivadlcse ffief t ntt hgt Tei.ohbioelsuayeen nsh ve e,ibi entrwuia , sl.lyy OCEAN ENVIRONMENTS ◀IppFsrwipnleoharlhaaao uooe romgoF cs rlfiffwwetells Etco lodlsxre mooAnrsgf.a as irat mcTrMttmhoa taeraocUeemepppdapoftnrR ish asls feaowea o Esetnd ca,r ndl.si pietolrtPtee ou,rhsehu dRsowae cen ccfi lxOr dbe roipplfipF edyelbrltoIast oh aeLbi r nfieot a Eyucal nr eSorte esor as ry.l mi4n58ATLAS OF THE 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hauemrdtmflemnrosaeo uo (nsamIdIulroMit2 soot out7lentYueooa ,la,to uu6xw5aankafr nssu u trcn6s. n1rikttt e nonTitah shmstDS3tokuninatu,echiPftah feshutnf etaa Siti aAta) PaPr vnentgthspaGes(gtmeleWrhies1ed 3gaer oidl:al1aexe ne,l oaem awt6a av,tmor .JBch9lubhoGu4nkiioria4nsaSne eede0oelainyuyiu31r etgnc omenruP nK4frleniefast K fneca0ntrA) d ao mot˚too telWtSdsimheSofd00C.s ocx i C n1aiheSauIh iak3 Ans oDienkldc0 aLpaheet˚finEsrpsWmaPnd 1gAeeas0Boo FThtsscSmtr(rtIo0fRDSeuchhph1aesooounhlhrAirlhnSae1areeciiaidaesu1tccppenreatn nJ4dsiIs0Sg kaeattniadpsR tspm0ouml tikasees ladnfcmd2ieaBiioJPoeJnnaaidgm0oninasrd oaotfe0nlomakgwiudrg am lewlAaeogCertt nlt oy aOihuiera.violeto euse abQ rSenP EudownKsnoCtoSurWIiw3kvrnh xt nes uOi0nAeeunailealnt2t0exaicronaghasp0.sstcoto nx tleeo0 emhehIceeCs wr 3dnn rnsioroDa t1ht0oElp msfih eVwNfeaan9)1xu ort w4r sVamoaerl7 e9nKno0otoerlan0na e78dttteffin3ctns tslee,9uHtcr oc l0at Azcceeoieo,I lrc n oaoshb aPtiu3mn elrda elnat0yiuSa5 rdk te0inr h 0 itanvisoadnegdlsih0hnaDtaele ns f aPiksceasro aoatm(l te2gr enl6bflibCSnhsIi1oQ 1lnrr9Woosot.e2 eos3an.dl9eAcyvuu,e0aSJop m usfaeeeEwiwnen˚ette rlmWn) haexl .da S4Rtoihrdnep h0amo.KKssr u0e1C,emlr,e uso 3npot hnr0 Ce uSead˚enrrWractoltportCTopbNoSaSeaEattottatEtAMIetNtohhhhhRr n xettltfAfcxaFGpheEa ea. oeeeerLXadep ervAstph et OrteHI rnth5ar aMel oeolJaGWela ho0tssean6uPol, ,eCrUlvh0 tde sSia6qescsAeotis i aMroecl tiVu, llhncaomkm eaua06eAnCmo elrP nDrc 0ms0a recd rnsbiaaaIa C˚nscfluEms0a ntFoicdol keahoeNsPeP gua lFiaIrscsa se fioedTsleBeiCaordoeJtiqjeliP dtnaHcus sso a snn uf p. rw ir a rFa SaOki c Ola ite Samicirvu analaa9t1pennapcCau csniat shel,ilnatpirgne Be6 p9l p alr tEaeicSentadflisaoeO0 ded tan . tii8tiAeiss a iaIernM0 ere1tTanarsn tgaBsa2 ts ;iNe( s.arodistsi o1fF7lPh a in rCtuhTnetlat,h r s7ni o Pf Kuys0Lteoealonsn(s gk0ibte q 2oa 4lchEuo nrl0 wh,ftudoV i, isaod0ta uaY9 noss1enmclCGu. oee0ntt il3r ufhaaTci h5etb0imo,tlssb tbe 0e e aiPla bank cVeeso nhoati,an a9eaocasch danStnomsoaau eteacgawnqxmre tLe,r,dL ac2am niue ot ceug )r t.dign nFo ddtaa m.damni.sii io5 ekmchirlx(((((( aaaetpss813691vaolcTpidu251235aHn afimupuWhctSt 7e0,,,,6srpi50,,,,tsse6358ionstmreAl0000ehtyn t0,.ca)cs00thhtepT. 00004i tt0000hUltde1r duu SytMhpof00000ar Modllmm0000hdAoe1iRta l eo.or 0v N srnes ffffeee uei0rmmmmta)) T e vibptttthE ehpfnecvueaonoear˚fataI gm))))5E etehWiTRetnlradlthmgnutnsp0rhyeSn o itasEs˚,Id hn gcngllCr i N en ieDaen O t aesttAar ,i o ng cteF hn t 1234 ATLAS OF THE OCEANS459 284 ANIMAL LIFE MOLLUSKS 285 Sense Organs OCEAN LIFE CPDAtllplbsaZPDTaneswaoattiTpsnopsstCiiinoohioehtmIItnncixvumefrrneecdSSrouahhb pietce oaeemetoddaTTncrrittff eotalriu.iettnpvaRRdh Uephmm ii vuh- asi,l elAe ttIIhbe r encmslga eaheBBew tCCegteeretsaet motnlbnipyoythUUhd m t sletaes itcr LLroraahcd h uaTTPlomilsl tteeta,eid riaaieoAAs tIIat oio nrmca aiuosiOOs nno iyfl naycao grsvnstw mrudSSelhnttNNotbrr t etoskl ag uyhrh u dssfgc,e SSaaei ubiysb p g t r.raen opicNoNC ehnl l prsratlwt 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.psgazi aaSa gnuvpo dstoaca iet arim sevezaf sr au hgtes Iettrgh mciose ,iueaiT rak or lvlO nlon ltca i huo itlnnNfisr laece t llfaehreees clnRihlindhnwaemhcaatr moeo.ee oome hatl;n rr akt osr vs edrho no TyrisreOgaeg aa tae sonega vraethoiyvnei uatsatl ecinaheif ee enot s ttrtes tc. ehd ,eeagoPncoroao ahtpo,f iu llnfe ol eoiriud urx sei eir,e o gttUteawrLHoeLoueamtlsxeOpo m cucoier)nffocrwsntfwh hi faEwshohpn n itrlAdp ass nneoueorl czr1 trsuNihtgnDosythwcs(u htct .tt Bewe,hefiek uonoecoey earatl Au rdhg i9cahhrG miTabrsa oagfaAosIey oyst,o .atnelts torwdnTivtrtga lTm e k,tteutts ieo t aersnoiie xe imA n lah w6eptnhHnssadnhh npttcei t s aoaotub.nmtyep Thrx r b er n dyh-ltebi idheroTi thsee nacy a rdhstewfiektonnh nessha r r og fleetseclge- u,eeoprhntl tssc xeekoon o exPy elroorohs d (geio r ge h orjo eiesdyeen1ilemadrgct.corwsix vmttgnset tt no llmrdm f1ney5rioncecaoof, mwtaaAaheecteydr,sh yi eca cat0s w-ahi tl he sattre nitfftafiwctui rnc.re beie c0ao’rsnt co.btl neuhwfo oesh,inmme aocTenaireleiit t n hyetdig idtuou It s fteotosragwte ot rrnnseetd )ontxdcstc i ho, tci tuytr g. raaft etnt rf r( g hgtheofl to ause, h3shthlhe urt rta.oies oalse s un a0aetdh nhenrtwe yes, s, tdh nr esefisrpdsme,egears e re e,r y es s ) ,. OCEAN LIFE ◀PAcdmpdoehiRlsol nso StOsstctrtPaopiFr biicgeIEpnuLarcCt taEsaiiiIeopoeS Etsnhns eS , pax am artnno adcdfip,o l.ielnos r CDCJKRTRoOiiOoahmcPhSatapTbvNNehhtnrnri ie iTSBeoddaorddt rRShe U drftrt eABeid vayeIpaLsDsBs uai tmTalspBsaAsiUlornAer,nnr,nee kTmr doNwFdar iasO fIaeiuT eeetcn ictWRt Sndird sauyt siCsSdgrnAi c ortaoa iia aoin,vr GeMdont c leiMo uaunu ml sMoturcmO ,r ow asstatiCisehulnbltcoa laouueeLsi ornsaetrm ay siha Rupkfn Uitsee nomrst o,i ,seW n c D tfRO pAahi hovNaniaareefcvrettd r peeeiahNrdD satdstrtri iiun,ohao Glet ewryt CpnepLuasi a,o liliiriS dot nrrfadBhHetecef lms , aiNur,I trHis BshnldeRGhaetiensvoatows,rei cett rroah Modtyr eodeYnet r.,eruCfyl a oipSbamaI arna rchrt aokenaahmdabntf dlt eSClahCdMM o cla yZiswhlAnt aoiiyogmo r rl.arSookcodaahe gllttjo aiauyeaogse, tn, nya c, t Touch, smell, taste, and vision are well developed in many mollusks. GRAFTING OYSTERS Polar Oceans, Ocean Yacht Racing, Shutting Down the T(issCniigPmpheafIGohpnepMro hglnmenElaieN lsaaeor,T) tyvp,tEi eooosDoso un d Stm(s hsKo s esIueacNy c res soeCholt lEfe pia Lam)wlhL sssS oi hels hiH teigcaicEnchashLa pPtas t ao eleiCobnvpdUlnete TeerigrT manaoL ltstE faheipF tgr IeyaStae. ih Hpe-rPee fdiTohd dgOfrlo oe ymbCtso Hou citoArnnh, efNadga cGntnl eheeEdgpsey C i te inoOomnsgfL rt Ooa sent nRfrhre ptacrelnrveeiergop t oehu csr oase f olrlntoooinssprmo s.obur diyetvhs a.e lv e Potgfaoaohrnrefpe rea aes miiiracnrnrlnr usie sin wdldhtftgao ueionj trlruahrlmtes s p.doit a Tn e ti eanhtsahnorur eetool bri. t fy usTohiitscgryoeatrihesn daitmr tclaetslayeyor anw n: c cmtitt onhahllaloeatelenr etnd ocsydsg adh at evphnu esigeealc tlriay ce na.rir isl e ns , Aantdla nSteiac- Clevoenlv Reyioser,, CHouarsrtiacla nDee fKenatsreisn,a T, Ghelo Tbiatla nWica rDmisinasgt er ST“pshiEeeEeceD ebdI eNionsGfgt -m”As Nhaoany OptslYteeeSd rtT siasE rwsRtuiifiethc fi araol tmpine aya nrploest aharerle rb mperaoodldl uausncked d .a b y CLASS GASTROPODA ntoa mwhei cohf gsrpoeucpie s Frances Dipper Introduction to Ocean Life, Sponges, Flamingo Tongue belongs Cnidarians, Segmented Worms, Flatworms, Ribbon 1Theto g siakinnt p ccaeulletlts lw ecafiha sesllhnme’ sdap licclg ohamlrrooeerman c taoh itMfaso en pcOaghoLceoDnhL rfiii Uesscns Spede.all CudlaI .tAes y thi ioNsnme g lBal -frElaienAb2scceuUsoh ls TlroWaepooYu xermdhsaeca eamdiwrent kppsoa e tliproehgrnh f emb ioogn afecrag ceunts kshtcttgt,sero lor ae ltomopnhfiuordrsasndoh n,dtsu yhtp, gh( esaithit hlss oaudo sungniuestisusms p deaa eoaiannbrvlcdds rehd asesr a ns ono r cfakfth hieil tesniss) s . . MMsssmbdsweouiovaomrowi faovmblalelenvcuuv mmweehtsestskaieae nvsburnrm geduflsmt .i s ryfinb So,reb gynoowvy swnemtm hh co itielubennca iys hp brcmt pihpumvhiaerlanaaonu lsgrsvyb ci aeda uit dnschems, itg-seffsi l ouo ouwetdcnwfbr hiei.rt tfion Chhiace te hsae dt iwhatprs elfc ehavobdaiyaeoro lsllsf ootd.o f ooMppiwoefoost si,o.tt d t haEhsaslte n sx afiiogdcrr na ee ssstl wphthierkteffieioiemlonpl c ne o,ti pxosepd utgnirsenloe tlng ictdsnhsllwuiiugedocd irentmi.e nh sOa mgetcfhm otrjeheoerrse rses skr;l vye s Cyphoma gibbosuLEmNGTH cofoof lmslopmweceoidne sbn yias m e WPFihsoyhrleams,, sPC, lBaanrrtkyilotaozgnoiniacno Psu,hs E yFcliahs,hi nTeosu,d nBeirocmantyse, s F Saimnshdae lsLl Banoctetolemts-, lJiavwinlge ss that let thceamwn aahtceocrv eeolreu ritan tt eht hrroeau pwgidhalt yet hrb,e yai nrs dqsi uptihhretoiynn sg. 1–11/2 in (3–4 cm) scientific name Philip Eales Ocean Geology, Atlas of the Oceans, HABITAT Oceanography from Space, The Indian Ocean Tsunami, Coral reefs at about Ice-shelf Breakup RSffinrowEo rtDm ihjmeUi sttmCh pHeIirNnu otgmGep nub bDtlaosaRclicdkoAltwneG s,sa q.ir sudT ic hdrleee. dasuriplcyhe vosi nsd,ir bualsgee d siphon AMtmliuth IabrtuDoorrsiiEu cncmDguaeho lt Basi vntrneYh gac e oMiom lnfln. Uu etIrtrcoCs aushuUcseygtS c ihtforho ensaotustet r rhsfoia epfac lpt pehlssei .s 50 ft (15 m) tsaubmlem oafr y Monty Halls Diving Tourism Respiration information Sue Scott Shallow Seas, Red and Brown Seaweeds, Plant Mwwexhicotihhsct ah anm nag roeee.lx lIsutnietsn uksspasi tveoeecdb ice tiaasn iptn hit lhlaoaetxr ayymr genae neanttl wwlferoa ocyrmaksv s iauwtnyb.ad mTt eaher e lraugsreesgi dnea,r gesw u gdaritfeleallscri,c e cca ataaenrlle escatdo rf unoccttrite nugnuariesdaesli loa yu, bs e tDoI SBTrRaIzBilU; TGIOuNlf oWf Mesetexircno A, Ctlaarnitbibc,e farno mSe Naorth Carolina (cvaaterigeosr bieest)ween Life, Green Seaweeds, Green Algae, Mosses, Flowering dtor atwhen ainir afonrd sohvoerrt tpheer igoidllss . aTnhdo mseu lsitv iknege pin t htheeir ignitlelsr tmidoali szt.o Ante laorwe etixdpeo, sed Plants, Fishing bivalves clamp shut and some gastropods close their shell with a “door” (called an operculum) to retain moisture. Pulmonate snails have a simple lttuehrneriger s stfkroiiarnlm wbeudht e fonrot himmer mtsh leeivr seme doa.nnTt lthehe ec rasevesiaptsyihr oaintrosetr eayan dpd i ogcfma ncet enanbt isidonir abm aoonxsdty magreeon lm ltuhosrcsoatlunyg h all distribution maps Michael Scott The Open Ocean and Ocean Floor, bahbslle oomeooffioddcg iailse o bnabl tuic naeo t pa ctnpoadeklor ig nrc.igov emusp pm ooouxlnylugdse kcnsa ’l alse d hemocyanin.e( cIxttte enirsin danialo )g til ls awrreit atecnc osmumpamnaierdy obfy tah e EBxiopdloivreatrisoitny wHiothts pSoutbsm, Werhsiabllee sM, Cigoraldti oWn,a tWer iRnde eFfas,r ming CNsetbcsbhlopxorOuueitledgdgoLe cirhiOsreriebatn)esR a rtasho.air l oarCT n ioagnnvhOcfnei che loDglt ls uffshweI e d Ne(t tsaagheioGertriisw lhsna l etsi anh.rrgyed OCEAN LIFE ssrahhnaogdwees do k fan sroepwae ncoi efn sma t aupra l range of the species Thien rtehvei sBeda letidci t ion was prepared with the help of David Burnie (Ocean Life), Robert Dinwiddie (Introduction and Ocean Environments), Frances Dipper (Ocean Life), and Philip Eales (Atlas of the Oceans)