SALAMANDRA 46(4) 243–246 20 November 2010 ObIiStuSaNr y0036–3375 Obituary for Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. mult. Paul Müller (1940–2010) On May 30, 2010, Prof. Paul Müller passed away at his home in ica, for which his supervisor had secured a grant of about 10.000 the northern Saarland, Germany. His premature death at the age Deutsch Marks (around 5000 € today). of only 69 was preceded by a sudden heart attack when he was Accompanied by the envy of some PhD students, Paul busy reorganizing the hunting gear he had used the night before. Müller started his first journey to Brazil in autumn of 1964, by He leaves his wife Elke and four adult children. Owing to the ship from Le Havre (France) to Santos (Brazil). The objective of difficulty to review Paul Müller’s overwhelming scientific work this expedition was to gain as much information as possible on and his innumerable contributions to biogeography in general, the vertebrate and butterfly fauna of all of Brazil to increase the we concentrate here on his herpetological oeuvre. knowledge about this “megadiverse country” and infer general Paul Müller was born on the 11th of October 1940 in Gers- patterns of Neotropical biogeo graphy. By 1970, Paul Müller had weiler, Saarland. When he was just about 12 years old, he looked visited most of Brazil’s landscape types and brought together a for some butterflies in his grandmother’s garden. She asked him huge collection of amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals and but- whether catching flies might be a serious profession nowadays, terflies, including more than 7000 herpetological specimens and and Paul simply answered: “Yes, for sure”. This childhood pas- a comparably large number of representatives of the other animal sion continued throughout his youth, encompassing all groups of groups. When he came back from this first journey, he brought animals and resulted in several unpublished notes, such as a work his diverse collection of amphibians and reptiles to the herpe- on the vertebrate fauna of the surroundings of the city of Saar- tological section of the Natural History Museum Senckenberg brücken from 1958. His passion for biology turned professional (Frankfurt am Main) in order to compare it with the holdings when he started studying zoology, palaeontology, biochemis- stored there. He was attended by the famous herpetologist, Pro- try and geography at the University of Saarbrücken. One of the fessor Robert Mertens, who had just retired, but was still very first academic teachers of Paul Müller was Gustav de Lattin, active. After a brief survey of the amphibian and reptile collection who was Professor of Zoology at the University of the Saarland the young student Paul Müller had brought back from South at that time and who soon recognized the enormous talent of his America, Mertens put his finger on a small turtle and said: “I young student. The latter finished his studies before completing will need this!” Mertens had immediately recognized the speci- the age of 24 with a synoptic work on the vertebrate fauna of a men as the red side-necked turtle Phrynops rufipes, a species con- dry grassland area called Bliesgau (southeastern Saarland), which sidered to be extinct, as it had not been seen in nature for about had been granted the status of a nature reserve shortly before. 100 years. Müller published this record in one of his first pa- Because of his ability to push things straight forward and resolve pers in 1966 (see Appendix) and liked to talk about the trivial problems in an unconventional manner, Paul Müller, although circumstances of that important encounter because he made it still being a student, was chosen by Gustav de Lattin to tackle just by chance, viz. when taking a bath in a pond in the rainforest the very responsible task of a zoological field trip to South Amer- reserve “Reserva Adolpho Ducke” near Manaus, Amazonia. En- couraged by results like this one, Müller continued his studies on the Neotropical herpetofauna in the following years, concen- trating on differentiation processes of amphibians and reptiles on the islands within the 100 m-isobath off the Brazilian east coast, such as the island of Florianópolis (Santa Catarina), Campeche, or Buzios (both São Paulo). His thorough biogeographical stud- ies on the island of São Sebastião (off the coast of the state of São Paulo) resulted in his PhD thesis finished by 1966 and published in 1968 (“The herpetofauna of the island of São Sebastião, Bra- zil”). The studies of island populations of the southeastern and southern Brazilian herpetofauna were a focus of Paul Müller’s earlier trips in the mid-60s (besides the Amazon region) and led to his biogeographically important publication “Vertebrate fau- nas of Brazilian islands as indicators of glacial and postglacial vegetational shifts” (Müller 1970). His excellent field skills re- sulted in a large number of new distribution records for the is- lands mentioned above, such as the following 14 for the island of São Sebastião (names according to recent taxonomy): Ischno­ cnema lactea, I. guentheri (Brachycephalidae), Hylodes asper (Hy- lodidae), Hypsiboas albopunctatus, H. albomarginatus, Dendro­ psophus minutus, D. seniculus (Hylidae), Enyalius iheringi (Igua- nidae), Spilotes pullatus anomalepis, Echinanthera cyanopleura, Liophis miliaris, Taeniophallus poecilopogon, Oxyrhopus doliatus, Dipsas albifrons (Colubridae). His studies on the island of Floria- nópolis yielded the first record of the ophiophagous snake spe- cies Clelia plumbea from this island, and the find of the slender colubrid snake Uromacerina ricardinii there turned out to be the Figure 1. The student Paul Müller with an Epicrates cenchria first record of that species for the state of Santa Catarina. Anoth- cenchria during his first journey to Brazil in 1964 (federal state er startling discovery was the record of a dried individual of a of Amazonas). turtle, which he found in a souvenir shop in the port city of São © 2010 Deutsche Gesellschaft für Herpetologie und Terrarienkunde e.V. (DGHT), Rheinbach, Germany All articles available online at http://www.salamandra-journal.com 243 Obituary Sebastião that he identified as Hydromedusa maximiliani (Cheli- In 1967, Paul Müller was appointed as a curator at the De- dae), which had been considered extinct on the island. partment of Biology where he was responsible for the compre- One of the most important results of Paul Müller’s studies, hensive zoological collection. The unexpected death of Paul not only in the Neotropical realm but also in Europe, was that he Müller’s supervisor Gustav De Lattin in 1968 was followed found evidence for a much younger age of most differentiation by a sudden break in zoogeographical research at the Institute processes than previously assumed by the majority of authors, of Zoology. Paul Müller now continued his work in this disci- which has been controversially discussed until today. He was con- pline by cooperating with Josef Schmithüsen, who was at that vinced that many subspeciation or even speciation processes of time professor of plant geography at the Institute of Geography in vertebrates would not date as far back as to the Pleistocene, but Saarbrücken. Paul Müller completed his early investigations on should have begun or at least strongly been influenced by post- Neotropical biogeography with his famous work “Dispersal Cen- glacial range shifts following repeated climatic oscillations within tres of Vertebrates in the Neotropical realm” published in 1973. the last 10,000 years. These rather recent subspeciation processes After finishing his post-doctoral studies in 1971, he was called to led Paul Müller to describe several island subspecies of amphi- head the newly founded Institute of Biogeography, which was lat- bi ans and reptiles: Tupinambis teguixin buziosensis Müller, 1969, er integrated in the “Centre of Environmental Research” (Zen- Tupinambis teguixin sebastiani Müller, 1968, and Leptodactylus trum für Umweltforschung) of the University of Saarbrücken. In gracilis delattini Müller, 1968, the last being named in honour of the following years, Paul Müller succeeded in establishing his his supervisor (Müller 1968) and confirmed with regard to its institute as one of the most successful departments of the entire validity by a subsequent researcher in 2004. For several other am- university, with a funding volume that was sometimes larger than phibian and reptile species, Paul Müller described slight mor- those of the Institute of Economic Sciences. From 1979 to 1983, phological differences of island populations, e.g., the absence of he was president-elect of the University of the Saarland. While a loreal scale in island populations of Clelia clelia plumbea from Paul Müller’s diverse duties from the 1970s onwards prohib- Florianópolis, or the striking differences in the colouration of in- ited him from realizing comprehensive fieldwork on his own, he dividuals of Bothrops jararaca from the islands of Buzios and São continued to be a very enthusiastic supervisor who supported his Sebastião as compared to populations from the adjacent main- students by offering them access to his worldwide network of im- land, so that they rather resembled Bothrops insularis. However, portant contacts. Paul Müller did not describe all these weakly differentiated Paul Müller’s first publications were for the greater part of forms as new subspecies or even species as was common practice herpetological content, comprising 50 original papers on am- by some taxonomists, but used them mainly as “windows”, facili- phibians and reptiles, some of which were published in the lead- tating expanded views into the biogeographical history of the re- ing German herpetological journal “Salamandra”. Moreover, he spective islands. From 1965 onwards, Paul Müller was often ac- gave innumerable talks at national and international herpetologi- companied to Brazil by his wife Elke and for a longer time also by cal symposia. Over two decades and once more recently, Paul a “loyal” animal partner, a young honey bear (Potos flavus) named Müller organized interdisciplinary symposia on South Amer- “Chico”, who later became a housemate in Paul Müller’s home ican biogeography (together with colleagues from the Max- in Saarbrücken. Elke and Paul Müller loved to tell the story of Planck-Institute of Limnology at Plön, Schleswig-Holstein) Reverend Mauermann, a Jesuit priest whose hospitality they en- where he presented the results of all life science disciplines. As joyed during their stay at the island of São Sebastião: this friendly he always pointed out, the main purpose of his work was not to cleric seemed to be privileged by some kind of “divine protection” revise the taxonomy of species groups, but to use all biotic infor- as he used to keep several venomous snakes in his house, such as mation on a species as the key to its three-dimensional range that the abundant pitviper Bothrops jararaca, in simple (open!) box- would unlock its evolutionary history and facilitate reconstruct- es under his bed! He treated them almost as pets and frequently ing a model of landscape dynamics for the recent past. handled them when praying, but was never struck by one of them. Despite of him being one of the last “all-round” zoo lo gists During his research in Brazil, Paul Müller had the oppor- with an encyclopaedic knowledge of most animal groups, Paul tunity to meet important herpetologists such as, for example, Müller was above all an enthusiastic herpetologist. He saw him- Paulo Emilio Vanzolini from the Zoological Museum of the self as part of the “herpetomanic community” (cit.) and main- University of São Paulo, Afrânio do Amaral, the former direc- tained close contact to many amateur reptile keepers, some of tor of the Instituto Butantan, Alphonso Richard Hoge, chair- which he thought of as being more knowledgeable of biological man of the herpetological collection of Butantan at that time, and diversity than certain scientists. In 1969, his private collection of Thales de Lema (Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul). He spent live reptiles, consisting first of a Boa constrictor, a Spilotes pulla­ time studying the most important herpetological Brazilian col- tus and some venomous snake species, was complemented by an lections, such as the Museu Goeldi in Belém (Pará), the National adult male Geochelone carbonaria that Paul Müller had brought Museum of Natural History in Rio de Janeiro, and the famous back from the island of Marajó (state of Pará, Brazil). Named Instituto Butantan in São Paulo, where he collected meristic data “Max”, it became a famous “family member” over the years and of a large number of snake, lizard and frog specimens to obtain was known to all friends of Paul and Elke. an overview of the morphological variability of the species he had In recent years, Paul Müller was also involved in politi- collected in the field. It was also in São Paulo where Paul Müller cal discussions of how the private keeping of venomous animals first became acquainted with Paulo Sawaya, director of the In- could be improved and more appropriately and sensibly organ- stitute of Physiology at the time, who then became a very good ized. He firmly rejected an overall prohibition by law and acted friend and to some degree even his “Brazilian supervisor”. as an important proponent of all serious amateur reptile keepers. Paul Müller’s work in Brazil (and basically worldwide) was Inspired by supervising the studies of several PhD students in- influenced by the fundamental ideas of his supervisor Gustav De terested in venomous snakes, Paul Müller started again to build Lattin who had analysed dispersal centres of butterflies in the up a very diverse collection of venomous snakes a few years ago. Palaearctic region. The basic ideas of this purely zoogeographi- His focus was on the many different forms of the tropical rattle- cal approach had already been expressed by authors he called “his snake Crotalus durissus, which forms a species complex with a scientific grandfathers”, such as Cosswig, Reinig, and even be- range from Mexico southwards to Argentina and covering most fore them, by the famous Russian geneticist Vavilov. Applying of South America’s ecoregions. His skills as an enthusiastic reptile their methods for the first time to a region outside the Palaearctic keeper showed in an impressive breeding success of a great vari- realm, Paul Müller modified this basic approach by introduc- ety of mating combinations in his “rattlesnake community”. One ing a 3-step-method under defined conditions to infer his “cen- major question of Paul Müller’s recent herpetological research tres of dispersal” (methodological steps not shown here). was the basic, still important problem of how morphological 244 Obituary Anyone who had the privilege to know Paul Müller private- ly and share the rare moments of rest between all his business with him, spent unforgettable moments with a very reflective, un- derstanding and sociable man who was able to keep his friends and colleagues spellbound with an apparently endless treasure of interesting stories from his life “always on the run all over the continents”. Those of us who knew Paul Müller, this fascinating personality, will miss his enthusiasm, his valuable advice, and his presence in our private and professional lives. Acknowledgements We are deeply indebted to Elke Müller for her patience and for provid- ing photos, unpublished information, and sharing memories to complete this portrait. Figure 2. Prof. Dr. Paul Müller checking some labels of his collection in Trier, just before the move of the material to Bonn Appendix (2009). Photo: W. Böhme. Herpetological and herpetology-based publications by Paul Müller traits are inherited in the forms of the Crotalus durissus complex Böhler, E. & P. Müller (1971): Bemerkungen zur Variabilität und Terra and how basic breeding and cross-breeding experiments might typica von Anops kingi (Bell 1833). – Aquaterra, 9(4): 39–41. contribute to a better understanding of the postglacial history of Müller, P. (1966): Doppelschwanzbildung beim Teju (Tupinambis te­ that still poorly understood species complex for which he had al- guixin). – Natur und Museum, 96(4): 151–154. ready proposed an evolutionary scenario in his post-doctoral the- Müller, P. (1966): Studien zur Wirbeltierfauna der Insel São Sebastião sis in 1970. In 2005, Paul Müller was invited to give the opening (23°50’S/45°20’W). – Inaugural-Dissertation, Universität Saarbrü- lecture at the rattlesnake symposium in the city of Loma Linda, cken, 1–348. California (USA). Müller, P. (1966): Ein Wiederfund der Roten Krötenkopf-Schildkröte Although representing a focus of Paul Müller’s herpetologi- (Phrynops rufipes). – DATZ, 19(12): 373–374. cal work, his investigations on amphibians and reptiles were not Müller, P. (1967): Beitrag zur Herpetofauna von Montecristo limited to the Neotropics. He also supervised several master the- (42°20’N/10°9’O). – DATZ, 20(10): 315–318. ses and PhD projects on Palaearctic amphibians or reptiles, in- Müller, P. (1968): Einige Bemerkungen zur südamerikanischen Kröten- cluding for example, in 1972, the important work by B. Schnei- art Bufo granulosus Spix 1824. – DATZ, 21(8): 248–251. der on the Thyrrenian subregion of the Mediterranean realm, Müller, P. (1968): Zur Verbreitung der Mauereidechse Lacerta muralis or some works on the postglacial biogeography of the wall liz- (Laurenti, 1768) im Saarland. – Faunistisch-Floristische Notizen aus ard Podarcis muralis or the asp Vipera aspis. As to the latter, the dem Saarland, 1: 5–6. senior author (M.M.) remembers a one-day field excursion to a Müller, P. (1968): Zur Verbreitung der Gattung Hydromedusa (Testudi- place near Nancy (France) to sample individuals of this venom- nes, Chelidae) auf den südostbrasilianischen Inseln. – Salamandra, 4: ous snake with Paul Müller and three colleagues. It just took 16–26. Paul Müller a few minutes to find the right place and catch an Müller, P. (1968): Über die Schlangenarten des Saarlandes. – Faunis- individual with his snake hook. tisch-Floristische Notizen aus dem Saarland, 2: 9–12. Referring to the works on the European herpetofauna men- Müller, P. (1968): Bemerkungen zu den beiden südamerikanischen Nat- tioned above that were carried out after 2000, Paul Müller al- ternarten Spilotes pullatus und Pseustes sulphureus. – Aquaterra, 5(12): ways refused to differentiate between “classic” and “modern” (for 108–112. example genetic) methods in biogeog raphy. Much rather would Müller, P. (1968): Die Herpetofauna der Insel von São Sebastião (Brasili- he make a distinction between those that provided new insights en). – Verlag Saarbrücker Zeitung, 1-82, Saarbrücken. into a scientific problem or contributed to a species’ evolutionary Müller, P. (1968): Beitrag zur Herpetofauna der Insel Campeche history and those that were less suitable for resolving a specific (27°42’S/48°28’W). – Salamandra, 4: 47–55. question. Thus, the “molecular era” that was arising from about Müller, P. (1969): Menschlicher Einfluß auf Wirbeltiere und deren Le- the mid-1990’ and offering a plethora of new methodological ap- bensraum in Brasilien. – Internationale Zeitschrift für Biologie und proaches used by Paul Müller’s students, was just another “win- Lebensschutz. Das Leben, 6(7). dow to evidence” for him, allowing one more, but not necessar- Müller, P. (1969): Zur Verbreitung von Hemidactylus mabouia (Moreau ily a better view on a species’ phylogenetic relationships or range de Jones) auf den brasilianischen Inseln. – Zoologischer Anzeiger, dynamics. 182(3/4): 196–203. In 1999, Paul Müller left the University in Saarb rücken and Müller, P. (1969): Zur Verbreitung der Gattung Chironius (Serpentes, took up an offer of the new University of Trier (Rhineland-Palat- Colubridae) auf den südbrasilianischen Inseln. – Senckenbergiana inate) to establish a new biogeographical institute there. He also biologica, 50(3/4): 133–141. relocated his large herpetological collection from Saarbrücken to Müller, P. (1969): Herpetologische Beobachtungen auf der Insel Marajó Trier. But when he went to retire in 2006, he felt that a university (Amazonasdelta). – DATZ, 22(4): 117–121. was not generally the right place for the safe long-term storing Müller, P. (1969): Über die nördliche Arealgrenze von Lystrophis semi­ of scientific collections. He therefore, responsibly, decided to do- cinctus (Dumeril, Bibron und Dumeril). – Aquaterra, 6(8): 96–99. nate his important collection to a natural history museum, viz. Müller, P. (1969): Über den Subspezies-Status südbrasilianischer Bufo the Museum Alexander Koenig in Bonn. The second author of ictericus-Populationen. – DATZ, 22(11): 340–342. this obituary (W.B.) is deeply indebted to him because he feels Müller, P. (1969): Über eine neue Subspezies von Teju, Tupin ambis te­ that this is one of the most valuable additions he ever received for guixin buziosensis n. ssp. – Salamandra, 5(1/2): 32–35. that museum, and he pledges to take the greatest care of this im- Müller, P. (1969): Einige Bemerkungen zur Verbreitung von Vipera aspis portant heritage of Paul Müller’s scientific life. (Serpentes, Viperidae) in Spanien. – Salamandra, 5(1/2): 57–62. 245 Obituary Müller, P. (1969): Über die Krötenarten (Salientia, Bufonidae) des Saar- Müller, P. (1976): Zur Diversität und Biomasse der Reptilienfauna des landes. – Faunistisch-Floristische Notizen aus dem Saarland, 2(2): zentralamazonischen Regenwaldes bei Manaus. – Amazoniana, V(4): 17–20. 539–543. Müller, P. (1970): Durch den Menschen bedingte Arealveränderungen Müller, P. (1979): The Evolution of the Liolaemus wiegmanni-Complex brasilianischer Wirbeltiere. – Natur und Museum, 100(1): 37-68. and the dispersal in Brazil. – Amazoniana. Müller, P. (1970): Merkwürdige Doppelschwanzbildung bei einer süd- Müller, P. (2005): Evolution and biogeography of the Crotalus durissus- amerikanischen Schienenechse (Teius teius). Aquaterra, 7(2): 22–24. Complex in South America. – Biology of the Rattlesnakes Symposi- Müller, P. (1970): Das Beutespektrum von Philodryas pseudo serra. – um, Loma Linda University, CA. DATZ, 23(2): 33–37. Müller, P. (2006): Giftige Ansitzjäger – Risiko und Faszination. – Game Müller, P. (1970): Die saarlandnächsten Fundorte von Vipera aspis. – Conservancy Deutschland – Nachrichten, 16(1): 12–32. Faunistisch-Floristische Notizen aus dem Saarland, 3(4): 25–27. Müller, P. & E. Böhler (1970): Bemerkungen zur Variabilität von Lio­ Müller, P. (1970): Vertebratenfaunen brasilianischer Inseln als Indikator lae mus occipitalis Boulenger 1885. – Salamandra, 6(3/4): 130–131. für glaziale und postglaziale Vegetationsfluktuationen. – Abhandlun- Müller, P. & C. Ritter (1978): Erstnachweis von Uromacerina ricardinii gen der Deutschen Zoologischen Gesell schaft (Zoologischer Anzei- (Peracca 1897) für den Staat von Santa Catarina (Brasilien) (Reptilia: ger, Supplement-Band 33): 97–107. Serpentes, Colubridae). – Salamandra, 14(1): 44. Müller, P. (1970): Über die Eunectes-Arten von Marajó. – Salamandra, Müller, P. & J. Schmithüsen (1970): Probleme der Genese südameri- 6(3/4): 140–141. kanischer Biota. – Geographische Forschung in der Welt von heute. Müller, P. (1971): Bemerkungen zur Ökologie tschechoslo wakischer Festschrift für Erwin Gentz, Kiel. Able phaus kitaibelii. – Aquaterra, 8(1): 27–28. Müller, P & B. Schneider (1969): Bemerkungen zur Systematik und Müller, P. (1971): Zum Vorkommen von Caiman latirostris (Daudin, Zoogeographie europäischer Chalcides chalcides (Repti lia, Scincidae) 1802) auf der Insel von Santa Catarina. – Aquaterra, 5: 59–60. mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der Subspezies vittatus. – Zoologi- scher Anzeiger, 182(5/6): 321–327. Müller, P. (1971): Herpetologische Reiseeindrücke aus Brasi lien. – Sala- mandra, 7(1): 9–30. Müller, P & B. Schneider (1970): Zwei neue Vorkommen der Aspisvi- per (Vipera aspis Linnaeus) auf Elba. – Aquaterra, 7: 58–60. Müller, P. (1971): Beobachtungen an brasilianischen Geochelone carbo­ naria. – Aquaterra, 6: 73–75. Müller, P & B. Schneider (1971): Verbreitung von Phyllodactylus euro­ paeus. – Aquaterra, 8(5): 55–59. Müller, P. (1971): Erstnachweis von Dermochelys coriacea (L. 1766) für die Insel von São Sebastião (Brasilien). – Salamandra, 7(2): 86. Müller, P. & H. Steiniger (1977): Evolutionsgeschwindigkeit, Verbrei- tung und Verwandtschaft brasilianischer Erdleguane der Gattung Lio­ Müller, P. (1971): Ausbreitungszentren und Evolution in der Neo tropis. laemus (Sauria, Iguanidae). – Mitteilungen des Schwerpunkts für Bio- – Mitteilungen der Biogeographischen Abteilung des Geographischen geographie der Universität des Saarlandes, 9: 1–17. Instituts der Universität des Saarlandes, 1: 1-20. Müller, P. & H. Steiniger (1978): Chorologie und Differenzierungsge- Müller, P. (1971): Über die relative Schwanzlänge elbanischer Smaragd- schwindigkeit brasilianischer Liolaemus-Arten (Sauria, Iguanidae). – eidechsen (Lacerta viridis fejervaryi Vasvari). – Salamandra, 7(2): 61– Verhandlungen der Gesellschaft für Ökologie: 429-440. 64. Müller, P. & H. Steiniger (1978): Karyotyp und Chromosomensatz von Müller, P. (1972): Die Chalcides chalcides-Populationen des Monte Ar- Liolaemus occipitalis und Liolaemus wiegmanni. – Salamandra, 14(4): gentario (Italien) (Sauria, Scincidae). – Salamandra, 7(3/4): 155–156. 212–214. Müller, P. (1972): Ausbreitungszentren in der Neotropis. – Naturwissen- schaftliche Rundschau, 25(7): 267–270. Müller, P. (1972): Zweites Symposium über „Biogeographische und Markus Monzel & Wolfgang Böhme Landschaftsökologische Probleme Südamerikas“. – Mitteilungen der Biogeographischen Abteilung des Geographischen Instituts der Uni- versität des Saarlandes, 3. Müller, P. (1972): Der neotropische Artenreichtum als biogeo graphisches Problem. – Zoologische Mededelingen, 47(7): 88–110. Müller, P. (1973): Historisch-biogeographische Problem des Artenreich- tums der südamerikanischen Regenwälder. – Amazoniana, 4(3): 229– 242. Müller, P. (1973): The Dispersal Centres of terrestrial vertebrates in the Neotropical realm. – Biogeographica, 2: 1–244. Verlag Junk, The Hague. Müller, P. (1973): Monomorphismus und Polymorphismus ita lie nischer Chalcides chalcides-Populationen. – Salamandra, 9(1): 13–17. Müller, P. (1974): Probleme des Arten- und Endemitenreichtums neo- tropischer Biota. – Mitteilungen der Biogeographischen Abteilung des Geographischen Instituts der Universität des Saarlandes, 6: 1–3. Müller, P. (1974): Die Giftschlangen der südostbrasilianischen Inseln. – Das Aquarium, 61(8): 312–316. Müller, P. (1974): Bemerkungen zur Verbreitung von Amphi bien und Reptilien im Abruzzen-Nationalpark (Italien). – Sa la mandra, 10(2): 66–77. Müller, P. (1974): Clelia clelia plumbea von der Insel Florianópolis (Santa Catarina, Brasilien) (Serpentes, Colubridae). – Salamandra, 10(1): 43. Müller, P. (1975): Zum Vorkommen von Liolaemus occipitalis im Staat von Santa Catarina (Brasilien) (Sauria, Iguanidae). – Sa la mandra, 11(1): 57–59. Müller, P. (1975): Cyclagras gigas von Marajó (Brasilien) (Serpentes, Co- lubridae). – Salamandra, 11(1): 60–61. Müller, P. (1976): Biotope des brasilianischen Erdleguans Liolae mus oc­ cipitalis. – Das Aquarium, 84: 268–271. 246