143 Vladimir A. Garanzha Lennard Kamenski · Hang Si Editors Numerical Geometry, Grid Generation and Scientif ic Computing Editorial Board T. J.Barth M.Griebel D.E.Keyes R.M.Nieminen D.Roose T.Schlick Lecture Notes in Computational Science and Engineering Volume 143 SeriesEditors TimothyJ.Barth,NASAAmesResearchCenter,MoffettField,CA,USA Michael Griebel, Institut für Numerische Simulation, Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany DavidE.Keyes,AppliedMathematicsandComputationalScience,KingAbdullah UniversityofScienceandTechnology,Thuwal,SaudiArabia Risto M. Nieminen, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science&Technology,Aalto,Finland Dirk Roose, Department of Computer Science, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven,Belgium TamarSchlick, CourantInstituteofMathematicalSciences, NewYorkUniversity, NewYork,NY,USA This series contains monographs of lecture notes type, lecture course material, and high-quality proceedings on topics described by the term “computational scienceandengineering”. Thisincludestheoreticalaspectsofscientificcomputing such as mathematical modeling, optimization methods, discretization techniques, multiscale approaches, fast solution algorithms, parallelization, and visualization methodsaswellastheapplicationoftheseapproachesthroughoutthedisciplinesof biology,chemistry,physics,engineering,earthsciences,andeconomics. Moreinformationaboutthisseriesathttp://www.springer.com/series/3527 Vladimir A. Garanzha (cid:129) Lennard Kamenski (cid:129) Hang Si Editors Numerical Geometry, Grid Generation and Scientific Computing Proceedings of the 10th International Conference, NUMGRID 2020 / Delaunay 130, Celebrating the 130th Anniversary of Boris Delaunay, Moscow, Russia, November 2020 Editors VladimirA.Garanzha LennardKamenski DorodnicynComputingCentre,Federal Berlin,Germany ResearchCenterofInformaticsandControl RussianAcademyofSciencesMoscow Moscow,Russia HangSi WeierstrassInstituteforAppliedAnalysis andStochastics(WIAS) Berlin,Germany ISSN1439-7358 ISSN2197-7100 (electronic) LectureNotesinComputationalScienceandEngineering ISBN978-3-030-76797-6 ISBN978-3-030-76798-3 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-76798-3 Mathematics Subject Classification (2010): 65-xx (65Dxx, 65Fxx, 65Kxx, 65Lxx, 65Mxx, 65Nxx, 65Yxx,65Zxx),30Cxx,30Fxx,49Mxx,52Cxx,53xx ©SpringerNatureSwitzerlandAG2021 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright. AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpartof thematerialisconcerned,specificallytherightsoftranslation,reprinting,reuseofillustrations,recitation, broadcasting,reproductiononmicrofilmsorinanyotherphysicalway,andtransmissionorinformation storageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilarmethodology nowknownorhereafterdeveloped. Theuseofgeneraldescriptivenames,registerednames,trademarks,servicemarks,etc.inthispublication doesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfromtherelevant protectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. Thepublisher,theauthors,andtheeditorsaresafetoassumethattheadviceandinformationinthisbook arebelievedtobetrueandaccurateatthedateofpublication. Neitherthepublishernortheauthorsor theeditorsgiveawarranty,expressedorimplied,withrespecttothematerialcontainedhereinorforany errorsoromissionsthatmayhavebeenmade.Thepublisherremainsneutralwithregardtojurisdictional claimsinpublishedmapsandinstitutionalaffiliations. ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbytheregisteredcompanySpringerNatureSwitzerlandAG. Theregisteredcompanyaddressis:Gewerbestrasse11,6330Cham,Switzerland Dedicatedto BorisNikolayevichDelaunay(1890–1980) ontheoccasion ofhis130thbirthday Foreword This volume presents the proceedings of the NUMGRID 2020/Delaunay 130 InternationalConferencededicatedtothe130thbirthdayofB.N.Delaunay(1890– 1980).SinceBorisNikolayevichwasmyteacher,Iwilltakethisniceopportunityto haveanotherlookatcertainmomentsinthelifeandworkofthisuniquepersonality. Delaunaytriangulation,Delaunaypartition, andtheirtheoryis the mostimpor- tantpartofhisresearchfromanapplicationpointofview.Thisis,however,merely one facet in his multifaceted work, a facet to which B. N. Delaunay came not by chance. There is a deeper meaning in the fact that the name of Delaunay is foreverinscribedinsciencenexttothatofG.F.Voronoi,aprominentrepresentative of the St. Petersburg school of number theory. Even more so, because Georgy FeodosievichwasaclosefriendoftheDelaunayfamily. Asateenager,Borisoften witnessedhisfather’slateeveningconversationswithVoronoi. Voronoi was not and could not be Delaunay’s scientific supervisor: he died unexpectedlyin1908,theyearBorisentereduniversity.Nevertheless,hisinfluence on Delaunay was considerable. Delaunay’s breakthrough results on the cubic Diophantine equations, which are, by his own admission, his most outstanding work, used the famous Voronoi algorithm for finding fundamental units in cubic fields. ThiscelebratedworkofVoronoioncemadeastunningimpressiononA.A. Markov(Voronoi’steacher)himself. In the early 1920s, Delaunay was invited by A. A. Markov to the Petrograd1 University as a professor and wrote a remarkable paper revealing the geometrical essence of the Voronoi algorithm. In the late 1920s, Delaunay published a major work on 4-dimensional parallelohedra, where he continued the research of H. Minkowski and G. Voronoi on the theory of parallelohedra. At the same time, Delaunay elegantly introduced the important concepts of the (r,R)-system andthe L-partitioncorrespondingtothissystemandpublishedan extensivepaper “Geometry of positive quadratic forms”. The concepts laid down in Delaunay’s worksin the 1920sand 1930s, influencedby Voronoi’swork, provedto be useful 1ThenameofSt.Petersburgin1914–1924. vii viii Foreword incomputationalgeometry,crystallography,structuralchemistry,biology,andother fields. Asfortheterms(r,R)-systemandL-partition,muchlater,inthesecondhalf of the twentieth century, the professional communityabandonedthem in favor of thetermsDelaunaysetandDelaunaypartition,largelythankstoH.S.M.Coxeter andC.A.Rogers. As for the NUMGRID 2020 conference,I would like to acknowledgethe high professionallevel of the participants and thank its organizersVladimir Garanzha, HangSi,andLennardKamenski. SteklovMathematicalInstituteRAS,Moscow,Russia NikolayDolbilin February2021 Preface This volume presents a selection of papers presented at the 10th International Conference on Numerical Geometry, Grid Generation, and Scientific Computing celebrating the 130th anniversary of B. N. Delaunay (NUMGRID 2020/Delau- nay 130), held November25–27, 2020. The conferenceis bi-annual(since 2002) and it is one of the well-known international conferences in the area of mesh generation. The main topic of this conference, grid (mesh) generation, is about how to create a geometricdiscretizationof a givendomain. Itis an indispensable toolforsolvingfieldproblemsinnearlyallareasofappliedmathematics. The book includesan overviewof the currentprogressin numericalgeometry, grid generation, and adaptation in terms of mathematical foundations, algorithm and software development, and applications. In focus are the Voronoi-Delaunay theoryandalgorithmsfortilingsandpartitions,meshdeformationandoptimization, equidistribution principle, error analysis, discrete differential geometry, duality in mathematical programming and numerical geometry, mesh-based optimization and optimalcontrolmethods, iterative solversfor variationalproblems, as well as algorithm and software development. The applications of the discussed methods are multidisciplinary and include problems from mathematics, physics, biology, chemistry,materialscience,andengineering. Thepresented25paperswereselectedfrom31submissions.Themainselection criteriaarebasedontherecommendationsofanonymouspeerreviewsfromexperts ofthecorrespondingfieldsaswellasthepresentationofthepaperattheconference. All accepted papers are revised according to the comments of reviewers and the programcommittee. The organizers would like to thank all who submitted papers and all who helpedtoevaluatethecontributionsbyprovidingreviewsforthesubmissions. The ix x Preface reviewers’namesareacknowledgedinthefollowingpages. Theorganizerswould liketothankallparticipantsofNUMGRIDformakingitasuccessfulandinteresting experience. Moscow,Russia VladimirA.Garanzha Berlin,Germany LennardKamenski Berlin,Germany HangSi February2021