Stuebing & Tan: Fire-lipped keelbackf rom northernB orneo this occasion misidentified as Rhabdophis TAXONOMY subminiatus. Rhabdophism urudensis (Smith, 1925) While working on Bornean snakes at The Field (Fig. 1) Museum, Chicago, in 1998,w e received a specimen shipped for identification by Sabah Musuem, Kota Description -Smith (1925) wrote the following Kinabalu. It was examined and compared with the accounto f the type specimen: "Maxillary teeth2 3, the slide of the live" R. chrysargos." We were interested last 2 abruptly enlarged. Eye moderate. Rostral to discoveredt hat both snakesw ere in fact Rhabdophis broader than high, just visible above; internasals murudensis,a speciesc ollected for only the second longer thant he prefrontals,b roadlyt runcatea nteriorly; time in almost5 0 years( Stuebing& Inger, 1999b). In frontal nearly as broad as long, as long as its distance this paper,w e give data on scalec haractersa nd more from the rostral, much shorter than the parietals; information on several inconspicuousc haracterst,h e nostril in a partly divided nasal; loreal longer than nuchal groove and associatedg lands. high; 1 pre- and 3 postoculars; temporals 1+2; 9 supralabialsf,o urth to sixth touchingt he eye; 11 lower labials, 6 in contact with the anterior chin shields, MATERIALS AND METHODS which are a little longer than the posterior. Scalesi n 19 rows, reducing to 15 before the vent, all strongly Material examined- All from SabahM, alaysia( Table keeled exceptt hose of the outer row which are only 1). Zoological ReferenceC ollection, Raffles Museum feebly keeled. Ventrals 179, anal divided, subcaudals of Biodiversity Research, National University of 63 pairs (tail incomplete)." Singapore: Male ZRC 2.4162 , Kamborangoh,M t. Kinabalu; FemaleZ RC 2.4163, Kiau, Mt. Kinabalu; Three ZRC specimensa re consistentw ith the type in Female ZRC 2.4164, Mt. Trus Madi; SabahP arks shapeo f head scalese, xceptt hat the internasalsa re not Zoological Collection, Kinabalu Park, Sabah, longer than the prefrontals. The photographo f the Malaysia: SP 04091, HeadquartersA rea, Kinabalu 1989 specimen shows similar scale conformation. Park; Sabah Museum, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Scalec ounts and size of the specimensw e examined Malasyia: SSM REP 0326,M t. Kinabalu. are given in Table1 . SP0 4091 has 23 maxillary teeth with the last two enlarged. All the specimensw e have Abbreviations of collections -MAS, Malcolm A. examinedh ave many,a lmostu niformly spaced,s mall, Smith; SP,S abahP arks, Kinabalu Park, Sabah;S SM, conicalo rganelleso n dorsalh eads calesa ndt emporals. Sabah State Museum, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah; ZRC, A prominentg roovee xtendsd own the suture between Zoological Reference Collection of the Raffles the parietalsa nd runs betweenf our to sevenp airs of Museum of Biodiversity Research, Natiol}al nuchals calesi n the snakesw e havee xamined.N ucho- University of Singapore,S ingapore. dorsal glands (sensuS mith, 1943)a re evident in SSM Table 1. Morphological data for Rhabdophism urudensis( Smith, 1925)f rom Borneo. SpecimenN o. Locality Collector Date Alt. (m) Sex TL SV T SR V C SL IL MAS7210(Typt;)' Mt.Murud E.Mjoberg 1925 1700 F X-19-15 179 63 9 11 MAS72091 Mt. Murud" "1700 F X-19-15 176 83 9 11 ZRC2.4162 Mt. Kinabalu F.M. Chasen& 1929 2500 M 910 700 210 19-19-17 180 97 9 10 H. Pendlebury ZRC2.4163 Mt. Kinabalu " ">1000 F 681 425 25 19-19-17 185 80 9 11 ZRC2.4164 Mt. Trus Madi R. Audy >1000 F 713 582 131 X-19-X 180 72 9 11 SSMREPO326 Mt.Kinabalu T.Low 1978 1800 M 1044 873 171 19-19-17 183 9 11 SPO4091 Kinabalu Park Martin M. 1992 1,600M M 928 726 200 19-19-15 180 92 9 10 , Data from Smith (1925) It i 228 i ,1 THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2002 REP 0326, though not well preserved. SP 04091 also Ecologya nd Behavior -All specimensw ere collected displayed the nucho-dorsalg roove though the gland in Sabah or Sarawak at an altitude of approximately was not obvious becauseo f the slight damaget o the 1000-2600m ., in primary oak forests on mountains neck. This specimen also displays an area of (Murud, Kinabalu, Trus Madi), at elevations where depressionb etweent he parietals, each of which has temperaturesa veragea pproximately1 5C . From -1981- two parallel longitudinal groovesr unning posteriorly 1991, while working with the Ecology Section of and is overhungb y a free-edgeds, hingle-likef lange of Kinabalu Park, one of us (TFL) observedi ndividuals the shield. On the right parietal, the flange extends of Rhhabdophiso n numerous occasions,a long the anteriorly but is well separatedf rom the frontal and Kinabalu Parkn aturet rails at about1 300-1500m , and supraocularT. he left parietal has a similar flange-like along the summit trail at 2,500m. On one occasion, section that runs back from the suprocular almost to along the Kinabalu summit trail near Kamborongoh but not reachingt he depression. SP0 4091h asa deep (2300m), an adult individual of R. murudensisw as groove beginning at the rear of the frontal and seenc amouflagedo n a bed of thick moss, in direct continuing betweent he parietals. The groove widens sunlighto f late morning at the side of the trail. near the rear of the patietals and continues between first pair of nuchalsb ehind the parietals. In the three In the mid 1980sa, snaker eferredt o earlierw as caught ZRC specimensth e groovee xtendsb ackb etweent hree near the Mountain Garden( 1800m) at Kinabalu Park to sevenp airs of vertebrals cales. Headquarters.I t was fed a diet of frogs (Limnonectes kuhlii) and occasionally white mice. It was kept Smith's descriptiono f the color and patterno f the type initially for photographic, and subsequently for specimenr eads," Dark olive brown abovew ith a chain educational purposes. It was relatively inactive of small yellow spots down either side of the back in during the day, but at night seemedr estless. When the posteriort wo-thirds of the body; neckw ith reddish the snake was disturbed, it expanded its neck and black markings: upper lip chin and throat yellow; dorsoventrally to expose bright reddish-oranges kin belly grayish yellow, with longitudinal chainso f small black spots; tail below dark grey. In a secondf emale (No. 7209) captured at 1700 m, the ventral spots are confined to a chain on either side of the belly." In the 1989 Mt. Kinabalu photograph, the snake's head and nape are dark olive brown, but the skin of the upper lip is bright reddish-orange, almost vermilion. The eye is brown with a light green segment in dorsal portion. The skin of the neck posterior to the nape is reddish- orange with regularly arranged black spots. The body is gray with short, indistinct black crossbars. A row of light spots associated with the ends of these dark markings appearing at midbody and running down the dorsum, converging to a single row anterior to the vent and extending to the end of the tail. In alcohol, the brilliant reddish-orange of the lips and neck turns to a light yellow, and this is the colour described for the type specimen. Ventrals are light cream-colored, dusky on their outer edges, and marked with rows of irregular, intermittent gray spots along their lateral portions. The ventrals are increasingly darker posteriorly, and the tail grayish dorsally. The chin is creamy white. The three ZRC specimens all are dark olive colour on dorsal surfaces of the head, leaving the entire lip light cream; the entire lip may have been red in life. The nape has the dark colour of the head covering a band of about 12 scales behind the head; the band has a notched rear border. SP 04091 has a pattern similar to these specimens. Fig. 1. Head of Rhabdophism urudensis( Smith, 1925). 229 S&TFkftna Biruerooneeoemr:-brlt blnhii pnaeepgcornek d btsarhiehacfatcnteelsotteSaho iMmwhdss wtfPaKleaao pee eeu d e n.b e sdeLs t a c een.hiru m me n, agwtsbshrpnNioalKoetKPoiLfthogaunvogwh etii.. hnuhsmnde r eliv settttd ie lh iriy ns d t ance dAdiownti hSfwmdthfALrfoesiidonenevalop rbarwagniet ed eetta naacuerrptrt.iian am dolel. r;e de n, "tnriehtneriehnMexebfLggcpeltpd teaisaieakoaneo o xtnkr k v ernssaaimIemd,iacmnk aire gsiilnnse ei o n ra(degt(nShogsslitdSaenPrmiephcaosm n) aoneeanno idtblasc rhld -kseauindm, s c h ue te cionhnsa l 1bmde9aeapoipxot4slsco taSfhoPotshtr 3 aKfeiieaeapsr nea)mr i n sbenc rnk ieatcdab s ihllm le y e n. pss(DpawtIar.elfaP oYeurascrasaol,caasnsol ,relmtu. ismdleusclnleo r tob aeamunsgn"cmu ee. .s) maSotSpMhulfpia ecdurbh esea sech uia mted. swkspbRMiOueneyoprod ucebpyliry m llei ee.d n DsIaiSaditDsKpnfohluCo specr iesrouUern e kriSsec, Si aItOioNn NgoitsnoAeluscapsa fnnicpcst nknpeshh uairida hcsilearknlsinoei e selt tdistsona ggnr caep h. 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( s9oI, h 2nfo vu 9 genanim7de dk,.,l ae, tsr a. e.ru'pur.aas nerIpERF.so&ReBm enSrdlI9aAtaI2epn r .dc.osg u.l.et9 ema ly 6 adup risnferrt9ce le0sdei.u r .r obt aI,dibrint r.oe,i i d ognn,s n g. a, l TshbstehccaoehtrocisafwFBass aewoMtr.crnnorh onernowooditaefetmkat r nihnki an foifu n e ceInnr s ot n , ation signt(ea1eaMcTtml9rmlL. aaunroso,9oi as depmimr6dvi liwe an)seea.cc gr r-iioebe dlsusgmuf.eoir utasl in S(ntt1nghmhooRK9uSJMraWeNfLt&ABio.4 ce.a1ttH. a,h.. o.3ho.d r9 u os v)ag 9 enela8 ng d., e k, RBoZ43aufo62 flo(lf5el2le-ot)3is:gn 2 y 8, . sptnushtawhuKbcArsaRoeacam2Eosmnurhtlneneed eidgapndpgdsi thlhi t iaio ilbtenuis.as,n s aipwniartcsiaRhr nPhla UasCieHK. ri1prsno csr ooo8oepbgh uvn6n .ae ing gsndci . o iln, al mde.IRa'bohI.St1'fnr0S.mJpu ndphM 9E.V.1saS.a r d, ,ar e u 9.oa. myi ,nvv 6fl sn doiu0tsae ls.iuot m etni,oa nti c padnaOd IwesrtcisGhscsNhcWtconotIshepkIhoenalanceuI il emnctatnhk sbhrt uygzesImn v sx e de ,es n ts Pd Rmatrchte.toeu o1 e9lnmrao6 4u tl(-pid 3v1eee)0r:nl 7ays.t iusr es anlyled0tsi.iI.ksheobe.IneemIes aSA .n n Orn rL.EuB,e3vrsp . ecpr e. 3rpJuihih d4l.. li i ,ep d neia,la . go. t.h)Chi . se0aIW1tbe.IfII.ts 0r tv. 1 MoA Sp1O Iaecor ne9a.m.o e,nf gc2n lp il I5dtemthI. cl ,eet Isno sn baevMacIlJaI85a. romouo"iko:u-nlar mar8umspnsurb.rea ee,n l uwe oam..al , h. MMdBt TeFKbhnriePraeedotZeShsocLre efo-o tekofolmLr oc' icnisclpeiioc dtepeeg oteddyincdi n,a gl s SMA1Tngmos9.h.u,l nf3a eic ta8nhh k.d,o es-sd .orsal edttmcohhiosSoB1 ae5oftl e0rb,o 7ni rb7ig5ttiaeau(i-c3n5sttasi)e8 o: l 3 n. nBaiuoptdonsSnMrAr1Tef rotdBeIuamCh9na.fnh.f d,esru w4en edeiiaunttn3odyiihe tasasa.o,l,so h e,l r tn e rn smiooBtymd nfasBoi itnewostokthIruehnc tsnefheirm eldnte muo oco,dla et-'iisc n v hegi nese s'dofniuenaofsa rRsvnafAutkV eiehdnelbemlorse ,dpvrs tlrpe tuii ignhglmiagaiibote iino a.n. cctI.ooSo.unnTe&.FLXr+.5spra sr ope 8iapyeine r3n.l,ov dn caroti es ns,. . evIdently .'. exposes the noxIOUS secretions of the nuchal Nastuur al b"IaD11 .1ScienYce s Na tri"cmae. of Philadelphia, rocee mgs 112(3): 0 ifth e 4 AI c-a7 1. d emy 0if glands to potential predators. Interestingly, this SMori, A., RD. BLayne 1& AG. cM. Burghardt, ot' s1996, toDescrBiption 9h..hu fn, f 9e oee a1 rcbkn.kme elisosg t., response is elicited more frequently at a temperature Rand preBliminary oZanalysis 3of anti-predator 3behavior auoffo92 flo(lf3el2le-ot)3is:gn 6 y 2, of 150 C Acompared to 25°C (Mori et al., 1996), CSARhabdophis RBa1ctigrinus Actigrinus, RotBa scolubridK tooZsnadBke no9hwith..hu fn auffNddr o9eoee arfle o4 rciOflbkgelnnl.keioe eWtnedlsiigsnngosa L y dt,. E,aD. GEMENTS Fsuggesting sthat this fbehavior Mmight Fralsoi iube exFpected onof loSnuchal lRBi&glands. pRaFI uJapanese faeI9mJournal AFntofG He rpetology, tptr.. n.unl.9oh sg di oeudec9 ehe rlii badadatr i,. leln l g, 4923(14-)9: 36. FMoNHaiJDafeuaS niooBNnslH.sPtddnhf Kuotde ao iu ansrro utranbk uttymoaleelr ,irac os yal . tions, Mt. Kinabalu. Although this neck arching behaviour Rooij, N. De, 1917. The Reptiles of the Indo-Australian CTMFttaS.hhoaK (t2praSehucio5npbA enau4a.ardbrg ibthnaahha ethu ilo u)r. n h t t b b d . R d . MOttRIhftonaoueuTa.MW F1gdTFrsScrowMn 3E9 .eveh.h.n,.fk rei8 raudnecdas e3lm.ie akcd. ey a.i easl , , acotmntohAWnfoNodmePanP L S1rop nanrtmt i6idnpeuntani7)g.e.osg t e ncnarrtapssiplo tr;e . b." (0