Nachr. entomol. Ver. Apollo, N. F. 31 (1/2): 9–16 (2010) 9 Notes on Arhopala Boisduval, 1832 from Sulawesi and Maluku, including new subspecies of A. argentea Staudinger, 1888, A. chamaeleona Bethune-Baker, 1903, and A. azenia (Hewitson, [1863]) (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae) W. John Tennent and Andrew Rawlins W. John Tennent, Department of Entomology, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, England; [email protected], [email protected] Andrew Rawlins, 392 Maidstone Road, Rainham, Kent ME8 0JA, England; [email protected] Abstract: New island distribution records are presented for The most recent revision of Arhopala was that of Evans 23 species of the lycaenid genus Arhopala Boisduval, 1832, (1957), who recognised several subgenera and placed in the Sulawesi Region and Maluku Province, In do ne sia. most of the species currently accepted by most authors The following new subspecies are described and il lus trated: as representing “typical” Arhopala in Narathura Moore, Arhopala­argentea­boordi ssp. n.; Arhopala ar­gen­tea­ve­ri­tyae 1878. In Papua New Guinea Arhopala were dealt with ssp. n.; Arhopala­chamaeleona­susyae ssp. n.; Arho­pa­la­azenia­ patsyae ssp. n.; all holotypes (males) in BMNH, London. A com pre hensively by Parsons (1998), who also com­ large specimen of A.­wildei Miskin, 1891, is also illustrated men ted on butterflies of the western half of the main from the island of Morotai, sign i fi cant ly further west than is land of New Guinea, which belongs politically to its previously known distribution. A.­acron (Hew it son, 1862) In do ne sia, whilst Vane­Wright & de Jong (2003) dealt is illustrated to facilitate sepa ra tion of this species from A. with the Sulawesi region in Indonesia. The many and azenia (Hewitson, [1863]). varied is lands of the Indonesian province of Maluku Keywords: Indonesia, Sulawesi Region, Maluku Province, lie be tween Sulawesi and New Guinea; their butterfly Ly caenidae, Arhopala, new distribution records, new sub­ fauna has become better known in recent years (Vane­ spe cies, eridanus,­argentea,­hercules,­tyrannus,­aruana,­phae­ Wright & Peggie 1994, Peggie et al. 1995, 2005, Raw lins nops,­ alitaeus,­ nobilis,­ wildei,­ halmaheira,­ acetes,­ teph­lis, & Tennent 2003, Yagishita 2006, 2007, Rawlins 2004, cha­mae­leona,­araxes,­lata,­philander,­micale,­acron,­aze­nia,­ 2008, Tennent & Rawlins 2008a, b, 2009a, b, Ten nent et ad­mete,­disparilis,­fulla,­thamyras. al. 2009). This paper deals with new taxa and records of Arhopala species from the Sulawesi reg ion and Maluku Anmerkungen zu Arhopala Boisduval, 1832 von Province (see map). Sulawesi und den Molukken, mit neuen Subspezies von A. argentea Stau din ger, 1888, A. cha mae leona Bethune-Baker, 1903 und A. azenia (Hewit son, [1863]) Abbreviations (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae) BMNH The Natural History Museum, London. Zusammenfassung: Für 23 Arten der Lycaenidengattung fw. forewing. Arho­pala Boisduval, 1832 werden neue Insel ver brei tungs­ fwl. forewing length. an ga ben aus der Region von Sulawesi und den Molukken HT holotype. (In do ne sien) gegeben. Die folgenden 4 neuen Unterarten wer den beschrieben und abgebildet: Arhopala­ argentea­ hw. hindwing. boor­di ssp. n.; Arhopala argentea­verityae ssp. n.; Arho­pa­la­ TL type locality. chamaeleona­susyae ssp. n.; Arhopala­azenia­patsyae ssp. n., unf. underside forewing. alle männlichen Holotypen in BMNH, London. Ein auffällig unh. underside hindwing. großes Exemplar von A.­wildei Miskin, 1891 von der Insel Morotai wird abgebildet, damit von einem deut lich weiter uns. underside, under surface. westlich gelegenen Fundort als bisher bek annt. A.­acron upf. upperside forewing. (Hewitson, 1862) wird abgebildet, um die Un ter schei dung uph. upperside hindwing. von A. azenia (Hewitson, [1863]) zu er mög li chen. ups. upperside, upper surface. Introduction New Arhopala island records for Maluku Province The genus Arhopala Boisduval, 1832, is one of the largest and the Sulawesi region genera in the Lycaenidae, with more than 200 species Arhopala­eridanus (C. Felder, 1860) distributed throughout the Oriental and Indo­Pacific regions from Sri Lanka to Australia and the Solomons A.­eridanus occurs in a number of subspecies from the Archipelago. In the west Arhopala barely rea ches the Philippines (Palawan), through Sulawesi and the Sula Palaearctic region in Afghanistan (A.­dodonaea Moore, Islands to the north and central Moluccas. Evans (1957: 1857), and in the east it occurs as far as eastern Aust ralia 92) reported A.­e.­padus Felder & Felder, 1865, from and the Solomon Island of San Cristobal. The ge nus was the north Moluccan island of Halmahera, to which we not reported from New Caledonia by Hol lo way & Peters add Kasiruta (1 ♂, xi. 2007), Bacan (Alisi, pers comm. (1976), and records of several Arhopala spe cies from to A. Rawlins) and Morotai (Detani, pers. comm. to A. Vanuatu were questioned or discounted by Tennent Raw lins). Nominotypical eridanus is known to occur (2009). on Am bon (the TL) and Seram. To this, we add Seram © Entomologischer Verein Apollo e. V., Frankfurt am Main 10 Figs. 1–5: Arhopala argentea argentea (Sulawesi). Fig. 1: ♂ ups. [picture no. 6454]. Fig. 2: ditto, left fw. (oblique view showing purple scales). Fig. 3: ditto, uns. [6456]. Fig. 4: ♀ ups. [6459]. Fig. 5: ditto, uns. [6461]. — Figs. 6–10: A. argentea boordi (Peleng). Fig. 6: HT ♂ ups. [7302]. Fig. 7: ditto, showing purple scales [7306]. Fig. 8: ditto, uns. [7304]. Fig. 9: ♀ ups. [7309]. Fig. 10: ditto, uns. [7314]. — Fig. 11–15: A. argentea verityae: Fig. 11: ♂ ups. (HT: Taliabu) [7288]. Fig. 12: ditto, showing purple scales [7294]. Fig. 13: ditto, uns. [7292]. Fig. 14: ditto, ♀ ups. (Taliabu) [7296]. Fig. 15: ditto, uns. [7299]. — Fig. 16–17: A. wildei ssp., Fig. 16: ♀ ups. (Morotai) [7340]. Fig. 17: ditto, uns. [7342]. — Fig. 18–29: A. chamaeleona, different sspp. Fig. 18–21: A. chamaeleona chamaeleona. Fig. 18: ♂ ups. (Upper Aroa River, Papua New Guinea) [6989]. Fig. 19: ditto, uns. [6992]. Fig. 20: ditto, ♀ ups. (Papua New Guinea) [6994]. Fig. 21: ditto, uns. [6996]. © Entomologischer Verein Apollo e. V., Frankfurt am Main 11 Fig. 22–25: A. chamaeleona rileyi Fig. 22: ♂ ups. (Seram) [6999]. Fig. 23: ditto, uns. [7000]. Fig. 24: ditto, ♀ ups. (Seram) [7002]. Fig. 25: ditto, uns. [7005]. Fig. 26–29: A. chamaeleona susyae Fig. 26: ♂ ups. (HT: Bacan) [7318]. Fig. 27: ditto, uns. [7324]. Fig. 28: ditto, ♀ ups. (Morotai) [7331]. Fig. 29: ditto, uns. [7336]. — Fig. 30–33: A. acron Fig. 30: ♂ ups. (Halmahera) [7009]. Fig. 31: ditto, uns. [7012]. Fig. 32: ditto, ♀ ups. (Halmahera) [7014]. Fig. 33: ditto, uns. [7015]. — Fig. 34–41: A. azenia, different sspp. Fig. 34–37: A. azenia azenia. Fig. 34: ♂ ups. (Papua New Guinea) [7019]. Fig. 35: ditto, uns. [7021]. Fig. 36: ditto, ♀ ups. (Papua New Guinea) [7023]. Fig. 37: ditto, uns. [7025]. Fig. 38–41: A. azenia patsyae Fig. 38: ♂ ups. (HT: Obi) [7028]. Fig. 39: ditto, uns. [7031]. Fig. 40: ditto, ♀ ups. (Obi) [7032]. Fig. 41: ditto, uns. [7034]. — Scale bars: 1 cm. © Entomologischer Verein Apollo e. V., Frankfurt am Main 12 Map: Sulawesi and Maluku regions, Indonesia, showing locality of islands mentioned in text. Laut (one specimen in BM: Ceram Laut, 15. xii. [18]99, Diagnosis: ♂ fwl. 18 mm (HT); like no mi no typical ar­gen­ H. Kühn), Kelang (4 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, Tihu, Kelang, xi. 2003), tea; upf. border broader, extending less than half way Manipa (1 ♂, 18. ix. 1993) and Haruku (a small island along costa due to sharply angled inner mar gin (cf. A.­ near Ambon, 2 ♀♀, x. 2006). a.­verityae, below); restricted purplish subc ostal sca les when viewed obliquely (cf. Figs. 2, 7, 12); uns. like no mi­ Arhopala­argentea Staudinger, 1888 no typical argentea. ♀ upf. like nom i no ty pic al ar­gen­tea, silvery blue basal markings restricted (more ex ten sive in (Figs. 1–15) nominotypical argentea); uph. basal mar kings re s tric ted A.­argentea has previously been regarded as endemic to and subdued (more extensive, pal er, brighter in no mi­ the island of Sulawesi. There are 4 ♀♀ in the BMNH, all notypical argentea); uns. markings like nomi no ty pic al collected on the Project Wallace expedition in 1985 at argentea, unh. subtornal iridescent blue­green sca les or near the sub­camp known as “1440” (actually nearer more extensive than ♀♀ of other races seen. 1140 m elevation). D’Abrera (1986: [567]) illustrated both surfaces of a ♂ specimen with a missing hindwing Arhopala­argentea­verityae ssp. n. (the type of clarissa Grose­Smith, 1897, a synonym of (Figs. 11–15) arg­entea), and further specimens of both sexes of no mi­ HT ♂: Indonesia, Maluku, Sula Islands, Taliabu, Taliabu no ty pic al argentea were seen by the authors in the pri­ Barat, Jorjoga, vii. 2003 (BMNH). vate collection of Alan Cassidy. Paratypes (2 ♂♂, 1 ♀): 1 ♀, same data as HT, vii. 2008 (BMNH); 2 ♂♂, central Taliabu, 800 m, vii. 2003 (coll. C. Material recently received by the second author from the Mül ler). islands of Peleng and Taliabu represent und e scrib ed taxa: Distribution: Taliabu, Sula Islands, Indonesia. Arhopala­argentea­boordi ssp. n. Diagnosis: ♂ fwl. 21 mm; like nomino ty pic al argentea; ups. shining silvery white distinctly tinged greenish (less (Figs. 6–10) so in nominotypical argentea); upf. dark bor der ex tends HT ♂: Indonesia, Sulawesi region, Banggai Islands, Peleng, approximately half way along costa (sig ni ficantly less ii. 2007 (BMNH). than half way in nominotypical argentea due to sharpl y Paratypes (4 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀): 1 ♂, 1 ♀, same data (BMNH); 1 ♂, 1 ♀, same data; 1 ♂, vii. 2007; 1 ♀, ix. 2007; 1 ♂, i. 2008; 1 ♀, angled inner margin to border); ex ten sive pur ple xii. 2008 (coll. Rawlins). subcostal mark seen only in oblique light (see Fig. 12) (in Distribution: Peleng, Banggai Islands, Indonesia. nominotypical argentea reduced to a few purple scales © Entomologischer Verein Apollo e. V., Frankfurt am Main 13 which extend along the marginal border, cf. Figs. 2, 7, Arhopala­phaenops Felder & Felder, 1865 12); border reaches tornus broadly (less broad at tor­ A.­phaenops occurs in Burma, the Malay peninsula, Bor­ nus in nominotypical argentea); inner margin of bor der neo, Sumatra, Java, Lombok, parts of the Sulawesi Re gion, more regular than nominotypical argentea; uns. ty pic al North Maluku and the Philippines. No mi no ty pic al Arhopala, similar to nominotypical argentea in all sig ni­ phaenops occurs in parts of the Philippines (see Tread­ fi cant respects. ♀ like nominotypical argentea; upf. basal away 1995: 75), Kep. Sangihe, Kep. Talaud, Kep. Bang gai, areas silvery white less extensively suffused with blue and is previously known from Bacan in North Mal u ku scales; uph. less blue basally (it is noted that the only ♀ (Evans 1957: 104). To this we add Taliabu (3 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀, i. seen is rather worn); uns. like no mi no typical ar­gentea. 2009) and Sanana (1 ♂, v. 2005) in the Su la Islands and Kasiruta (1 ♂, vi. 2005) in North Ma lu ku. A.­p.­buruensis Arhopala­hercules (Hewitson, 1862) Holland, 1900­occurs on Buru and Obi. Classification and therefore distribution of A.­hercules ap pears to be a matter of interpretation. The butterfly Arhopala­alitaeus (Hewitson, 1862) oc curs in several forms which some authors (e.g. Evans A.­alitaeus ranges from Burma east through Sundaland 1957, D’Abrera 1990) postulated are all subspecies of and the Philippines to the Sulawesi region. No mi no ty­ A.­hercules, whilst Parsons (1998) recognised 5 distinct pic al alitaeus occurs on Sulawesi and Kep. Banggai (Vane­ species (hercules; leo Druce, 1894; herculina Stau din­ Wright & de Jong 2003: 123), to which we add Bu ton ger, 1888; tyrannus Felder & Felder, 1865; sophilus (1 ♂, v. 2006) and Taliabu (1 ♂, Jorjoga, xii. 2001; 1 ♂, i. Fruhs torfer, 1914), some of which occur sympat ri­ 2009; 2 ♂♂, central Taliabu, 800 m, vii. 2003). cal ly. Evans (1957) and Parsons (1998) both restricted the distribution of nominotypical hercules to Sulawesi, to Arhopala­nobilis (C. Felder, 1860) which we add Peleng (1 ♂, vi. 2005; 1 ♀, xi. 2007; 1 ♀, xi. 2008) and Taliabu (3 ♂♂, i. 2009). The distribution of A.­nobilis recorded by Evans (1957: 108) was confusing. He acknowledged 4 subspecies, from A.­h.­stymphelus­Fruhstorfer, 1914 was recorded by the Moluccas to New Guinea, including Schouten (= Evans (1957: 100) from Bacan, Halmahera, Obi (BMNH Biak/Supiori) and Mefor (= Numfor) islands in Geel vink 2 ♂♂) and Misool (BMNH, only 1 ♂ labelled Mysol, Hew­ Bay. He recorded nominotypical nobilis from Am bon, it son coll.). We add the islands of Morotai (all Daeo: 1 ♂, Seram, Obi and the Kei group, and A.­n.­alce­Hew it son, 3. vi. 1992; 1 ♂, 23. viii. 1995; 1 ♂, iv. 2002; 2 ♂♂, viii. 1862, from Sulawesi, Halmahera and Aru — in dic at ing a 2003; 1 ♂, xi. 2003; 2 ♀♀, iv. 2004; 1 ♂, xi. 2004; 1 ♀, iv. belief that the published alce TL of “Aru” was probably 2006; 2 ♀♀, vii. 2006), Mandioli (1 ♂, Ga la la, vi. 1997; Halmahera. He also recorded A.­n. alcestis Grose­Smith, 2 ♂♂, vii. 1998; 4 ♂♂, iv. 2003) and Ka si ru ta (1 ♂, vii. 1902 from the main island of New Guin ea, Bacan, Gebe 1997; 1 ♀, iv. 2003; 1 ♂, x. 2003; 1 ♂, vi. 2005; 2 ♂♂, xi. and Aru, with A.­n.­bosnikiana Joicey & Talbot, 1916 2007). from Schouten and Mefor islands in Geel vink Bay. Arhopala­tyrannus­Felder & Felder, 1865 North Moluccan populations are here regarded as A.­n.­ alce. The BMNH has specimens from Halmahera and Regarded by some authors (see above) as a subspecies Bacan, to which we add the islands of Morotai (1 ♂, or form of A.­hercules, A. tyrannus was recognised by Daeo, viii. 2004) and Kasiruta (1 ♂, xi. 2004). Par sons (1998) as a distinct species. The species is pre­ vious ly known to occur on Bacan and Halmahera, and Arhopala­wildei Miskin, 1891 pos s ibly Buru. The last island is questionable — there is a (Figs. 16, 17) solitary ♂ in the BMNH labelled “Mt. Mada, Buru, 3000 [feet], Sept[ember] [18]98 (Dumas)”, but there is als o Evans (1957: 108–109) reported A.­wildei from Aus tra­ evi dence to suggest that this and other taxa with sim i­ lia, and proposed the subspecies names soda Evans, lar labels (research in progress) might be from isl ands of 1957 for a short series from the Louisiade Archipelago North Maluku, not Buru. Two reports from Pa pua New and Woodlark Island in Milne Bay Province, Papua New Guinea (see Parsons 1998: 383) prob ab ly re quire con­ Guinea, and neva Evans, 1957 for a pair from west ern New firmation. Its occurrence on Morotai (all Daeo: 3 ♂♂, ix. Guinea. A large ♀ specimen from Morotai (Daeo, v. 1994) 1994; 2 ♂♂, xi. 2003; 1 ♂, xii. 2005; 2 ♀♀, ix. 2004; 2 ♂♂, extends the range of A.­wildei west wards significantly; xi. 2004) and Kasiruta (1 ♂, viii. 1993) re pre s ent new whilst recognising that it may re pre sent an undescribed records. race, it is placed provisionally with nominotypical wildei until further material be comes available. Arhopala­aruana Evans, 1957 Arhopala­halmaheira Bethune-Baker, 1904 Known from the Aru group, and mainland New Guinea (Parsons 1998: 384). A ♂ captured near Tual, Kei Kecil Previously regarded as endemic to Halmahera, H. De tani in iii. 1995, extends known distribution to include the Kei (pers. comm. to A. Rawlins) reported a ♀ from Mo ro tai. group. To this we further add Kasiruta (1 ♂, xi. 2007). © Entomologischer Verein Apollo e. V., Frankfurt am Main 14 Arhopala­acetes (Hewitson, 1862) ap pea r ing almost black (dull, shining green in nom i­ no ty pic al chamaeleona and A.­c.­rileyi); hw. costa and Vane­Wright & de Jong (2003: 123) gave the dist ri bu tion in ner mar gin plain brown; outer margin with faint pin­ of A.­acetes as Sulawesi, Kep. Talaud, Kep. Tu kang be si and kish tinge in oblique light (more extensive in nom i no ty­ Kep. Banggai. We specify Peleng (2 ♂♂, vi. 2006) from pic al cha­maeleona and A.­c.­rileyi); uns. with markings the Banggai Islands and Binongko (1 ♀, ii. 2005) from ty pic al of the genus, ground colour plain, dark brown the Tukangbesi Islands, and add Muna (1 ♀, ii. 2001; 1 ♀, with slight ly darker markings lined pale brown (uns. pal­ ii. 2005; 2 ♂♂, ii. 2005; 1 ♂: iv. 2005) and Bu ton (1 ♀, vi. er, with pinkish tinge, unh. with prominent pale pat ches 2005; 1 ♂, vi. 2005; 2 ♂♂, xi. 2004; 1 ♂, vii. 2003) to the in no minotypical chamaeleona; markings in ter me di ate in known distribution of this species. A.­c.­rileyi); unh. with extensive blue­green tor nal iri des­ cent scales. ♀ unf. dark brown, almost black, with ex ten­ Arhopala­tephlis­Hewitson, 1869 sive median blue patch reaching inner mar gin (slightly Subspecies bicolora (Röber, [1886]) was previously only less extensive in other races); uph. with a few blue scales re corded from Sulawesi. We record this taxon from cen­ basally, otherwise unmarked; uns. like ♂, tin ged pink; tral Taliabu (1 ♂, vii. 2003), in coll. C. Müller. iridescent tornal scales green. Arhopala­chamaeleona Bethune-Baker, 1903 Arhopala­araxes­Felder & Felder, 1865 (Figs. 18–29) A.­ araxes occurs from Sumatra, Java and the Lesser A.­ chaemeleona was described from the Upper Aroa Sun da islands to Sulawesi. Distribution of nomi no ty­ Ri ver in Papua New Guinea. Evans (1957: 112) reported pic al araxes was given by Vane­Wright & de Jong (2003: no minotypical chamaeleona from both eastern and west­ 123) as “Sulawesi, Kep. Sangihe, ?Kep. Banggai, Kep. ern parts of the island of New Guinea, and from the Su la (Mangole)”. We can confirm the occurrence of A.­ Schouten Islands (= Biak/Supiori), Mefor (= Numf or) araxes on the Banggai Islands with records from Peleng and Jobi (= Yapen). He restricted subspecies rileyi Joicey (3 ♂♂, viii. 2003; 2 ♀♀, viii. 2006; 2 ♂♂, iv. 2007), and & Talbot, 1922, to Seram, central Maluku. The spec ies add Taliabu (1 ♂, Jorjoga, iii. 2004) to the Sula Islands also occurs to the northwest, in the Philippines, from dis tribution. Other new records are Muna (1 ♀, ii. 2005), where A.­c.­mizunumai Hayashi, 1978 and A.­c.­ma­puti Buton (3 ♂♂, 1 ♀♀, vi. 2005) and the Tukangbesi Isl ands Takanami, 1984 have been described. of Wangiwangi (3  ♂♂, Wanceh [= Wanci], ii. 2005), D’Abrera (1990: 312) said of nominotypical cha­mae­ Tomea (1 ♂, viii. 2004) and Binongko (3 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, ii. leo­na (Figs. 18–21) “[the ♂ of] this species is especially 2005). A.­a.­talauta Evans, 1957, occurs on Kep. Talaud dis tinc tive in the green colouring of the [upper] surface and A.­a.­verelius Fruhstorfer, 1914 on Kalao. … it was extremely difficult to photograph the intense me tal lic green … depending on the angle at which the Arhopala­lata Evans, 1957 spe ci men was viewed, one could also see blue and purple Previously known only from Halmahera, we extend the co louration …”. The specimen illustrated by D’Abrera distribution to include Morotai (all Daeo: 1 ♂, xii. 2003; as A.­chamaeleona is clearly dark blue, not green, whe­ 1 ♂, viii. 2004; 2 ♂♂, xi. 2004; 1 ♂, ii. 2006; 1 ♂, xi. 2006; ther due to lighting, or film processing, or some other 1 ♂, xii. 2008; 1 ♂, i. 2009). rea son, is not known. Parsons (1998: pl. 56, fig. 1511) illustrated a ♂ ups. showing the dull green colour very Arhopala­philander­Felder & Felder, 1865 well, and the same specimen depicted by D’Abrera as blue is illustrated here (Fig. 18). Regarding the uns., A.­philander ranges from Kep. Sangihe to Maluku and Evans (1957: 112) declared of the species “below, unif orm New Guinea including the Bismarck Archipelago and brown, no white areas” and of subspecies rileyi Joi cey & D’En trecasteux group. Nominotypical philander is Talbot, 1922 (Figs. 22­25) “below, variegated with white re stric ted to Kep. Sangihe and the northern Moluccan areas”. D’Abrera (1990: 312) gave the dis tri bu tion of A.­ is lands of Halmahera, Bacan, Obi and Gebe (Evans 1957, c.­rileyi as “Sarang” (= Seram). Parsons 1998). A specimen in the BMNH from Ternate ap pears to have been previously overlooked (1 ♂, Ter­ A.­chamaeleona is recorded here from North Maluku for na te, 1. [ix.] 1896, A. W. Mucks) and we also add Mo ro tai the first time: (all Daeo: 1 ♂, 3. vi. 1992; 3 ♀♀, i. 2003; 1 ♀, xi. 2004; 1 ♀, iv. 2006; 1 ♀, vii. 2006; 1 ♂, i. 2009). Arhopala­chamaeleona­susyae ssp. n. (Figs. 26–29) Arhopala­micale Boisduval, 1853 HT ♂ (Figs.): Indonesia, Maluku, Makian, Bacan, x. 2004 (BMNH). A.­micale ranges from the Moluccas, through New Gui­ Paratypes (3 ♀♀): 1 ♀, Daeo, Morotai, iii. 2003 (BMNH); 1 ♀, nea to the Torres Strait Islands and northern and north same data, ii. 2004; 1 ♀, Bacan, viii. 2008 (coll. Raw lins). east ern Australia. Within Maluku, A.­m. superba Röber, Distribution: Bacan and Morotai, North Maluku, In do ne sia. 1887, is known from Morotai, Halmahera, Ternate and Diagnosis: ♂ fwl. 23 mm; ups. dark, dull, olive green, Ba can, to which we add Mandioli (1 ♂, iv. 2003). © Entomologischer Verein Apollo e. V., Frankfurt am Main 15 Arhopala­acron (Hewitson, 1862) and Diagnosis: ♂ fwl. 22 mm (HT); ups. indistinguishable from nominotypical azenia; uns. like nominotypical aze­ (Figs. 30–33) nia, but lacking distinctive purplish sheen (overlay) pre­ Arhopala­azenia (Hewitson, [1863]) sent on A.­azenia from all other localities seen; ♀ like (Figs. 34–41) nominotypical azenia, upf. bright, shining blue, with In his Arhopala revision, Evans (1957: 124–125) treated broad apical and costal border; uph. largely blue, lacki ng the taxa acron and azenia Hewitson, 1863, as con spe ci fic, on costa and inner margin; uns. like ♂. placing the latter as a subspecies of “Narathura­ac­ron”. He restricted A.­a.­acron to the Moluccan islands of Bacan Arhopala­admete Hewitson, [1863] and Halmahera, and listed the islands of Wai geo, Obi, This species is distributed from Maluku Province, Ind o­ Seram, Aru, Misol, Jobi (= Yapen) and the main island of ne sia, to Waigeo, Misool, Yapen and mainland New Gui­ New Guinea in the distribution of A.­a.­aze­nia. Parsons nea, and as far east as the D’Entrecasteaux and Loui siade (1998: 392) correctly recognised that the taxa acron and groups, Papua New Guinea. Nominotypical ad­mete is azenia were distinct and said they were phenotypically known from the Moluccan islands of Halm a he ra, Bacan, separable, without saying how they differed. Parsons Obi (North Maluku), and Seram and Amb on (Central restricted distribution of A.­acron to the north Moluccan Maluku). To this we add Morotai (all Daeo: 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀, ix. islands of Bacan and Hal ma hera, and added Normanby, 1994; 1 ♀, ix. 1997; 1 ♀, xi. 2003; 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, ix. 2004; 1 ♂, in the D’Entrecasteaux group off the north coast of 1 ♀, xi. 2004; 2 ♂♂, x. 2005) and Kasiruta (5 ♂♂, 6 ♀♀, eastern New Guinea, and Sa riba, in the Louisiade chain, v. 2005) in N. Maluku and Kel ang (4 ♂♂, 1 ♀, Tihu, xi. to the distribution of A.­azen­ia. 2003) in Central Maluku. The taxa are similar in appearance, but ♂♂ are separ able by the fact that A.­acron lacks the distinctive pale purp­ Arhopala­disparilis (C. Felder, 1860) lish sheen, which in effect dulls most of the un der ly ing A.­disparilis is endemic to the Moluccan islands. Evans markings, found on the under surface of both se xes of A.­ (1957: 125) recorded it from Ambon and Seram. A ♂ azenia. The iridescent blue of the ups. of ♂ A.­aze­nia is from Morotai (Daeo, iii. 1994) extends the known dis tri­ also distinctively “two­tone” when viewed obl i que ly, with bu tion and suggests it probably also occurs on Hal ma­ a darker section along the upf. costa as far as the cell, he ra. We also record it from Haruku, Central Maluku and extending down the outer margin. The re mainder (2 ♀♀, x. 2006). of the ups. is a paler blue with a distinct greeni sh tinge. By comparison, A.­acron is generally dar k er blue, and Arhopala­fulla (Hewitson, 1862) the “two­tone” effect is less obvious due to the fact that the paler section is less greenish than the corresponding This species ranges widely from Burma, the Andaman areas of A.­azenia. The slightly dar k er section of the A.­ Islands and Thailand through Malaysia, Borneo, and acron upf. is more extensive than that of A.­azenia, and in the Philippines, Indonesia and Papua New Guinea as some specimens is dif fi cult to discern at all. The ♀ of A.­ far east as the Louisiades. Nominotypical fulla is known acron is darker blue than A.­azenia; blue areas are more from the central Moluccan islands of Ambon and Buru; restricted, with a ten dency to be “rayed” on the hindwing. A.­f. canulia Hewitson, 1869 occurs only in North Ma lu­ On the uns., hw. submarginal markings are significantly ku, on Halmahera, Ternate and Obi. To the latter we add more sa git tate in A. acron than A.­ azenia; the uns. Morotai (1 ♀, Daeo, Morotai, ix. 2004). markings of A.­ac­ron are also darker brown, bordered with almost white, giving a contrasted appearance. Arhopala­thamyras (Linnaeus, 1758) 4 ♂♂ and 2 ♀♀ (Daeo, Morotai: 1 ♀, iv. 2002; 1 ♂, x. A.­thamyras ranges from the Moluccan islands through 2002; 2 ♂♂, iii. 2004; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, ix. 2004) extend the New Guinea to the Admiralties, D’Entrecasteaux, Tro­ known distribution of A.­acron. A long series of A.­azenia bri and and Louisiade island groups and the Solomon in the BMNH from the Moluccan island of Obi are Is lands. A.­t.­anthore (Hewitson, 1862) is restricted to indistinguishable from nominotypical azenia on the ups., Hal ma he ra, Bacan, Ternate and Obi, to which we add whilst on the uns. — also fundamentally A.­azenia — there Mo ro tai (all Daeo: 1 ♂, 3. vi. 1992; 2 ♂♂, iii. 1994; 1 ♂, are some features intermediate between the two spe cies: iv. 2002; 1 ♀, viii. 2003; 1 ♀, xi. 2003; 1 ♂, iii. 2004; 1 ♀, v. 2004; 1 ♀, viii. 2005; 1 ♀, i. 2009) and Mandioli (1 ♀, Wa ya, Arhopala­azenia­patsyae ssp. n. 16. xi. 2006). 3 ♂♂ from the island of Kofiau (2 ♂♂, viii./ (Figs. 38–41) ix. 1991, 1 ♂, 12. ix. 1991) may warrant re cog ni tion as a HT ♂: Indonesia, Maluku, Obi, H. Fruhstorfer (ex Fruhs­ distinct subspecies. tor fer coll.), BMNH. Paratypes (25 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀): 11 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀, same data; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Laiwui, Obi, ix. [18]97 (W. Doherty); 6 ♂♂, Obi, ex coll. Etymology Hamilton Druce 1919 (Joicey deposition); 5 ♂♂, Obi, W. J. C. Names introduced in this paper acknowledge friends and Frost, vii., ix. 1918 (all BMNH); 1 ♂, Obi, vii. 1992; 1 ♂, Obi, Bobo, iv. 2003 (coll. A. Rawlins). family who have provided practical help and as sis tan ce Distribution: Obi, Maluku, Indonesia. to the authors over the years. © Entomologischer Verein Apollo e. V., Frankfurt am Main 16 Acknowledgements Tennent, W. J. (2009): A field guide to the butterflies of Vanuatu — Ol buttaflae blong Vanuatu. — Oxford (Storm Ent o mo lo gic al Alan Cassidy (UK, Berkshire) generously gave access to Publ.), 192 pp. his collection, and allowed the publication of the il lus­ ———, & Rawlins, A. 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