152 Not “Who Is on S I M P S O the Lord’s Side?” N N o t “ W but “Whose Side h o I s o n t h e Is the Lord On?” L o r d ’ s S i d e ? ” Contesting Claims and b u t “ W Divine Inscrutability h o s e S in 2 Samuel 16:5–14 i d e I s t h e L o T I M O T H Y F. S I M P S O N r d O n ? ” Studies in Biblical Literature 152 Not “Who Is on the Lord’s Side?” but “Whose Side Is the Lord On?” Studies in Biblical Literature Hemchand Gossai General Editor Vol. 152 This book is a volume in a Peter Lang monograph series. Every title is peer reviewed and meets the highest quality standards for content and production. PETER LANG New York  Washington, D.C./Baltimore  Bern Frankfurt  Berlin  Brussels  Vienna  Oxford Timothy F. Simpson Not “Who Is on the Lord’s Side?” but “Whose Side Is the Lord On?” Contesting Claims and Divine Inscrutability in 2 Samuel 16 PETER LANG New York  Washington, D.C./Baltimore  Bern Frankfurt  Berlin  Brussels  Vienna  Oxford Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Simpson, Timothy F. Not “who is on the Lord’s side?” but “whose side is the Lord on?”: contesting claims and divine inscrutability in 2 Samuel 16:5–14 / Timothy F. Simpson. pages cm. — (Studies in biblical literature; v. 152) Includes bibliographical references. 1. Bible. Samuel, 2nd, XV I, 5–14—Criticism, interpretation, etc. I. Title. BS1325.52.S57 222’.4406—dc23 2013013004 ISBN 978-1-4331-1979-8 (hardcover) ISBN 978-1-4539-1130-3 (e-book) ISSN 1089-0645 Bibliographic information published by Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek. Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the “Deutsche Nationalbibliografie”; detailed bibliographic data is available on the Internet at http://dnb.d-nb.de/. The paper in this book meets the guidelines for permanence and durability of the Committee on Production Guidelines for Book Longevity of the Council of Library Resources. © 2014 Peter Lang Publishing, Inc., New York 29 Broadway, 18th floor, New York, NY 10006 www.peterlang.com All rights reserved. Reprint or reproduction, even partially, in all forms such as microfilm, xerography, microfiche, microcard, and offset strictly prohibited. Printed in Germany Simpson Final_simpson final 2/3/14 3:45 PM Page v Contents Editor’s Preface vii Acknowledgments ix 1. “Confession Is Good for the Soul”: Owning Up to Methodological and Theological Assumptions 1 1.1 Canonical Criticism: Privileging Theological Discourse and Reading the Text as Scripture 4 1.2 Reader-Response Criticism: A Diary of the Reading Process 10 1.3 Intertextuality: Reading Scripture with Scripture 12 1.4 Summary 16 2. “Out with the Old and In with the New”: Surveying the Work of Earlier Interpreters: What has Worked, What Hasn’t and Why A Fresh Approach Is Needed 19 2.1 Classical Historical-Critical Approaches to David 21 2.1.1 Leonhard Rost 21 2.1.2 Martin Noth 23 2.2 The Literary Reappraisal of the David Narratives 26 2.2.1 David M. Gunn 27 2.2.2 J.P. Fokkelman 30 Simpson Final_simpson final 2/3/14 3:45 PM Page vi vi | CONTENTS 2.2.3 Robert Polzin 33 2.3 Contemporary Historical and Literary Approaches to David 38 2.3.1 Baruch Halpern 39 2.3.2 Steven McKenzie 41 2.3.3 Antony Campbell 42 2.3.4 Robert Alter 44 2.3.5 Paul Borgman 46 2.3.6 Robert Pinsky 48 2.4 Walter Brueggemann 49 2.5 Summary 52 3. “The Lord Works In Mysterious Ways”: The Inscrutability of God and Attempts to Co-Opt It for Personal, Political Gain in 2Sam 16:5-14 53 3.1 The Story Thus Far 54 3.2 The Fall and Rise of David: 2Samuel 15-20 57 3.3 vv. 5-7a: David on the Run from Absalom, Jerusalem 61 3.4 vv. 7b-8:Shimei Comes Cursing; Sounds Like a Prophet 65 3.5 v. 9:Abishai Speaks for Tradition; Offers to Settle the Matter Immediately 76 3.6 vv. 10-12: David Affirms, Rejects Both Shimei, Abishai 82 3.7 vv. 13-14:Narrating the Exit from the Land; Dirt, Stones and Curses 92 3.8 Aftermath 94 3.8.1 2Sam 19:17-24(ET 16-23): Shimei Begs David’s Pardon 94 3.8.2 1Kings 2:1-9: David Instructs Solomon to Kill Shimei 97 3.8.3 1Kings 2:36-46: Solomon Kills Shimei 99 3.9 Summary 102 4. Conclusion 105 Notes 111 References 141 Simpson Final_simpson final 2/3/14 3:45 PM Page vii Editor’s Preface More than ever the horizons in biblical literature are being expanded beyond that which is immediately imagined; important new methodological, theological, and hermeneutical directions are being explored, often resulting in significant contri- butions to the world of biblical scholarship. It is an exciting time for the academy as engagement in biblical studies continues to be heightened. This series seeks to make available to scholars and institutions, scholarship of a high order, and which will make a significant contribution to the ongoing biblical discourse. This series includes established and innovative directions, covering gen- eral and particular areas in biblical study. For every volume considered for this se- ries, we explore the question as to whether the study will push the horizons of biblical scholarship. The answer must be yes for inclusion. In this volume Tim Simpson through the interpretive prism of intertextuality examines a particular text, II Samuel 6:5-14, with an eye towards a new and chal- lenging understanding of David. In his overview of the studies of several scholars whose works have been foundational for an interpretation and understanding of David, Simpson argues that the methodological principles employed have been in- sufficient and inefficient in providing a textually accurate depiction of David. The author contends that for the most part David has been give a “free ride” in the over- whelmingly positive manner in which he is portrayed. Howsoever, one reads and Simpson Final_simpson final 2/3/14 3:45 PM Page viii viii | PREFACE responds to this study, it is sure to generate a widespread conversation. The argu- ments and conclusions must be reckoned with. The horizon has been expanded. Hemchand Gossai Series Editor Simpson Final_simpson final 2/3/14 3:45 PM Page ix Acknowledgments It takes a village to write a book. I am so grateful to my teachers over the years who have encouraged and inspired me: Lee Hahnlen and Stephen Strehle from Liberty University; James Mueller and Sheldon Isenberg from the University of Florida; David Gunn, James D. Newsome and Walter Brueggemann of Columbia Theo- logical Seminary; David Moessner, Carl Holladay, Vernon Robbins and Luke Timothy Johnson from Emory University; John Carroll and William P. Brown of Union Presbyterian Seminary; and especially David Levenson, Shannon Burkes, John Kelsay and Matthew Goff of Florida State University, who labored for many years to get me through this process. I also wish to thank Nicole Kelley and Den- nis Moore for agreeing to serve as readers. Also worthy of thankful mention are the members of the Good Shepherd Pres- byterian Church in Rock Island, IL. On my first day of work in my first church out of seminary, as my secretary left for the day, she hollered out, “Don’t forget Wednesday night Bible Study at 6 o’clock.” My heart stopped because no one on the pastor nominating committee had ever mentioned that being one of my pas- toral duties, since, it turned out, none of them ever attended. But others apparently did, and I was unprepared to teach them. So I went with what I knew best and wanted to study the most. I started that night with verse 1 chapter 1 of 1 Samuel, and for the next 39 months I and this intrepid group of Bible students went word- by-word, verse-by-verse through the books of Samuel. This gave me the reason and the opportunity to master the vast secondary literature on the subject, as well as to