The Project Gutenberg EBook of Northern Nut Growers Association Report of the Proceedings at the Sixth Annual Meeting, by Various This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org Title: Northern Nut Growers Association Report of the Proceedings at the Sixth Annual Meeting Rochester, New York, September 1 and 2, 1915 Author: Various Editor: Northern Nut Growers Association Release Date: April 30, 2006 [EBook #18288] Language: English Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 *** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NORTHERN NUT GROWERS *** Produced by Marilynda Fraser-Cunliffe, Janet Blenkinship, E. Grimo and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net DISCLAIMER The articles published in the Annual Reports of the Northern Nut Growers Association are the findings and thoughts solely of the authors and are not to be construed as an endorsement by the Northern Nut Growers Association, its board of directors, or its members. No endorsement is intended for products mentioned, nor is criticism meant for products not mentioned. The laws and recommendations for pesticide application may have changed since the articles were written. It is always the pesticide applicator's responsibility, by law, to read and follow all current label directions for the specific pesticide being used. The discussion of specific nut tree cultivars and of specific techniques to grow nut trees that might have been successful in one area and at a particular time is not a guarantee that similar results will occur elsewhere. NORTHERN NUT GROWERS ASSOCIATION REPORT OF THE PROCEEDINGS AT THE SIXTH ANNUAL MEETING ROCHESTER, NEW YORK SEPTEMBER 1 AND 2 1915 CONCORD, N.H. THE RUMFORD PRESS 1916 CONTENTS PAGE Officers and Committees of the Association 4 Members of the Association 5 Constitution of the Association 10 By-laws of the Association 11 Proceedings of the Meeting held at Rochester, New York, September 1 and 2, 1915 13 Report of the Secretary-Treasurer 14 The Relation of Forest Conditions in New York to Possibilities of Nut Growing, Dr. Hugh P. Baker, New York 17 New Tree Crops and a New Agriculture, Dr. J. Russell Smith, Pennsylvania 30 Notes on the Hazels, Dr. Robert T. Morris, New York 36 An Appeal to Owners of Hardy Nut Trees, C. A. Reed, Washington, D. C. 51 Northern Pecan Trees, and Notes on the Observation of Propagated Trees, W. C. Reed, Indiana 58 Walnut Observations in California, L. D. Batchelor, California 63 Pruning the Persian Walnut, J. G. Rush, Pennsylvania 69 Report on Nut Growing in Canada, G. H. Corsan, Toronto 71 Appendix: --Present at the Sixth Annual Meeting 73 --Program for Automobile Trips September 1 and 2, 1915 74 --Exhibits 75 --Resolutions 76 --Bibliography of the Year 77 OFFICERS OF THE ASSOCIATION President J. Russell SmithUniversity of Pennsylvania Vice-President W. C. Reed Indiana Secretary and Treasurer W. C. Deming Georgetown, Connecticut COMMITTEES Auditing C. P. Close, C. A. Reed Executive T. P. Littlepage, R. T. Morris, and the Officers Finance C. P. Close, T. P. Littlepage, W. C. Deming Hybrids R. T. Morris, J. R. Smith, C. P. Close Membership Harry R. Weber, G. H. Corsan, C. H. Plump, Leon D. Batchelor, W. C. Reed, R. T. Olcott, F. N. Fagan, Thomas L. Engleby, W. O. Potter, W. O. Ridgway, W. C. Deming Nomenclature W. C. Reed, R. T. Morris, E. R. Lake, C. A. Reed, R. L. McCoy Press and Publication Ralph T. Olcott, T. P. Littlepage, W. C. Deming Programme The President, The Secretary, The Editor Of The American Nut Journal, ex-officio; C. A. Reed, W. N. Hutt Promising Seedlings T. P. Littlepage, C. A. Reed, J. Russell Smith STATE VICE-PRESIDENTS Arizona C. R. Biederman Garces California Prof. Leon D. Batchelor Riverside Canada G. H. Corsan University of Toronto Connecticut Charles H. Plump West Redding Delaware E. R. Angst Wilmington 527 Dupont Bldg. Florida H. Harold Hume Glen Saint Mary Georgia J. B. Wight Cairo Illinois E. A. Riehl Alton Indiana J. F. Wilkinson Rockport Iowa Wendell P. Williams Danville Kansas Durrett Winsborough Argentine R. 2 Box 118 Kentucky A. L. Moseley Calhoun Maryland Prof. C. P. Close College Park Massachusetts James H. Bowditch Boston 903 Tremont Building Michigan Miss Maude M. Jessup Grand Rapids 440 Thomas St. Minnesota Col. C. A. Van Duzee St. Paul Missouri P. C. Stark Louisiana New Jersey C. S. Ridgway Lumberton New Mexico E. A. Clemens Magdalena New York Th. E. Wile Rochester 37 Calumet St. North Carolina Prof. W. N. Hutt Raleigh Ohio Harry R. Weber Cincinnati 601 Gerke Bldg. Pennsylvania J. G. Rush West Willow Texas R. S. Trumbull El Paso M.S.R.R. Co. Utah M. A. Pendleton Lehi Virginia John S. Parish Eastham Washington Dr. A. E. Baldwin Kettle Falls West Virginia B. F. Hartzell Shepherdstown MEMBERS OF THE NORTHERN NUT GROWERS ASSOCIATION Arizona C. R. Biederman, Garces California Batchelor, Leon D., Riverside Dawson, L. H., Llano Tucker, T. C., Manager California Almond Growers' Exchange, 311 California St., San Francisco Canada Corsan, G. H., University of Toronto Dufresne, Dr. A. A., 1872 Cartier St., Montreal Connecticut Barnes, John R., Yalesville Deming, Dr. W. C., Georgetown Deming, Mrs. W. C., Georgetown Hungerford, Newman, Torrington, R. 2, Box 76, for circulars, Box 1082, Hartford, for letters Ives, Ernest M., Sterling Orchards, Meriden Lay, Charles Downing, Wellesmere, Stratford Miller, Mrs. Charles, 32 Hillside Ave., Waterbury * Morris, Dr. Robert T., Cos Cob, R. 28, Box 95 Plump, Charles H., West Redding White, Gerrard, North Granby Williams, W. W., Milldale Delaware Angst, E. R., 527 DuPont Building, Wilmington, Del. Lord, George Frank, care of DuPont Powder Company, Wilmington District of Columbia Close, Prof. C. P., Pomologist, Department of Agriculture, Washington Goddard, R. H., Farm Management, Department of Agriculture, Washington Lake, Prof. E. R., Pomologist, Department of Agriculture, Washington * Littlepage, T. P., Union Trust Building, Washington Orr, Herbert R., Evans Building, Washington Reed, C. A., Nut Culturist, Department of Agriculture, Washington Florida Hume, H. Harold, Glen Saint Mary Simpson, Ray C., Monticello Georgia Wight, J. B., Cairo Illinois Dickey, Samuel, 4 Chalmers Place, Chicago Fletcher, Joe, Zion City Keely, Royal R. 4720 Clarendon Ave., Chicago Poll, Carl J., 1009 Maple St., Danville Potter, Hon. W. O., Marion Riehl, E. A., Alton Webster, H. G., 450 Belmont Ave., Chicago Indiana Burton, Joe A., Mitchel Hutchings, Miss Lida G., 118 Third St., Madison McCoy, R. L., Lake Reed, M. P., Vincennes Reed, W. C., Vincennes Schmidt, Hugh C., Evansville Simpson, H. D., Vincennes White, Paul, Boonville Wilkinson, J. F., Rockport Iowa Williams, Wendall P., Danville Kansas Winsborough, Durrett, Argentine, R. 2, Box 118 Kentucky Matthews, Prof. C. W., Horticulturist, State Agricultural Station, Lexington Moseley, A. L., Bank of Calhoun, Calhoun Maryland Darby, R. U., Suite 804, Continental Building, Baltimore Hayden, Chas. S., 200 E. Lexington St., Baltimore Heapes, J., Granville, Street Henshaw, Mrs. H. C., Adamstown Keenan, John N., Brentwood King, W. J., 232 Prince George St., Annapolis Murray, Miss Annie C., Cumberstone Newcomer, Aaron, Smithburg, R. 1. Massachusetts * Bowditch, James H., 903 Tremont Building, Boston Gilbert, Ralph D., 9 Ridgefield Road, Winchester Hoffman, Bernhard, Overbrook Orchard, Stockbridge Rich, William P., Secretary State Horticultural Society, 300 Massachusetts Ave., Boston Smith, Fred A., 39 Pine St., Danvers Vaughan, Horace A., Peacehaven, Assonet White, Warren, Holliston Michigan Copland, Alexander W., Strawberry Hill Farm, Birmingham Jessup, Miss Maud M., 440 Thomas St., Grand Rapids Kellogg, J. H., Battle Creek Linton, Wm. S., Pres. Board of Trade, Saginaw Staunton, Gray, Muskegon, Box 233 Minnesota Powers, L. L., 1018 Hudson Ave., St. Paul Van Duzee, Col. C. A., St. Paul Missouri Bauman, X. C., Ste. Genevieve Buffam, Frank W., Commissioner of Highways, Jefferson City Johnson, Alfred E., McBaine, R. 1 Koontz, E. J., Richards Stark, P. C., Louisiana (Mo.) New Jersey Black, Walter C., of Jos. H. Black, Son & Co., Hightstown De Cou, Howard F., Truesdale Farm, Merchantville Dietrick, Dr. Thomas S., 12 West Washington Ave., Washington Henderson, Howard W., 603 Spooner Ave., Plainfield. Lovett, J. T., Little Silver Marston, Edwin S., Florham Park, Box 72 Mechling, Edward A., Wonderland Farm, Moorestown Putnam, J. H., Vineland Ridgeway, C. S., Floralia, Lumberton, N.J. Roberts, Horace, Moorestown Young, Frederick C., Palmyra, Box 335 New Mexico Clemens, E. A., Magdalena New York Abbott, Frederick B., 419 Ninth St., Brooklyn Ackerly, Orville B., 243 W. 34th St., New York City Atwater, C. G., Manager Agricultural Department, American Coal Products Company, 17 Battery Place, New York City Baker, Dr. Hugh P., Dean of State College of Forestry, Syracuse Baker, Prof. J. Fred, Director of Forest Investigations, State College of Forestry, Syracuse Baker, Wm. A., North Rose Bixby, Willard G., 46th St. and 2nd Ave., Brooklyn Brown, Ronald J., 320 Broadway, New York City Ellwanger, Mrs. W. D., 510 East Ave., Rochester Felt, Henry W., 238 William St., New York City Foote, Avery L., Newark, Wayne Co. Fullerton, H. B., Director Long Island Railroad Experiment Station, Medford, L.I. Haywood, Albert, Flushing Hickox, Ralph, 3832 White Plains Ave., New York City Hicks, Henry, Westbury, L.I. Holden, E. B., Hilton * Huntington, A. M., 15 W. 81st St., New York City Jackson, Dr. James H., Dansville Keeler, Charles E., Chichester and Briggs Aves., Richmond Hill Morse, Geo. A., Fruit Acres, Williamson, N.Y. Nelson, Dr. James Robert, 23 Main St., Kingston-on-Hudson Olcott, Ralph T., Ellwanger & Barry Building, Rochester Palmer, A. C., New York Military Academy, Cornwall-on-Hudson Pomeroy, A. C., Lockport Rice, Mrs. Lillian McKee, Adelano, Pawling Stephen, Prof. John W., Assistant Professor of Agriculture, State College of Forestry, Syracuse Teele, A. W., 30 Broad St., New York City Teter, Walter C, 10 Wall St., New York City Thomson, Adelbert, East Avon Tuckerman, Bayard, 118 E. 37th St., New York City Turner, K. M., 220 W. 42nd St., New York City Ulman, Dr. Ira, 213 W. 147th St., New York City Wile, M. E., 37 Calumet St., Rochester Williams, Dr. Charles Mallory, 48 E. 49th St., New York City * Wissmann, Mrs. F. de R., Westchester, New York City North Carolina Glover, J. Wheeler, Morehead City Heely, Dr. O. J., Andrews, R.F.D. Hutt, Prof. W. H., State Horticulturist, Raleigh Van Lindley, J., J. Van Lindley Nursery Company, Pomona Ohio Dayton, J. H., Storrs & Harrison Company, Painesville Denny, Mark E., Middletown Evans, Miss Myrta L., Briallen Farm, Oak Hill, Jackson County Miller, H. A., Gypsum Weber, Harry R., 601 Gerke Building, Cincinnati Witte, O. F., Amherst, R. 2 Yunck, E. G., 710 Central Ave., Sandusky Pennsylvania Ballou, C. F., Halifax Corcoran, Chas. A., Wind-Rush Fruit Farm, New Albany Creasy, Wm. T., Catawissa Doan, J. L., School of Horticulture, Ambler Druckemiller, W. C., Sunbury Fagan, Prof. F. N., Department of Horticulture, State College Grubbs, H. L., Fairview, R. 1 Hall, Robt. W., 133 Church St., Bethlehem Heffner, H., Highland Chestnut Grove, Leeper Hile, Anthony, Curwensville National Bank, Curwensville Hoopes, Wilmer W., Hoopes Brothers and Thomas Company, Westchester Howell, Lardner, Girard Trust Company, Philadelphia Hutchinson, Mahlon, Ashwood Farm, Devon, Chester County Jenkins, Charles Francis, Farm Journal, Philadelphia * Jones, J. F., Lancaster, Box 527 Leas, F. C., 882 Drexel Building, Philadelphia, Mountain Brook Orchard Company, Salem, Va. Leeds, Sarah B., Westchester, R. 4 Middleton, Fenton H., 1118 Chestnut St., Philadelphia Moss, James, Johnsville, Bucks County Murphy, P. J., Vice-President L. & W.R.R.R. Company, Scranton Myers, C. N., Hanover O'Neill, Wm. C., 1328 Walnut St., Philadelphia Pelton, Joseph L., North Girard, R. 1 Rick, John, 438 Pennsylvania Sq., Reading Rush, J. G., West Willow Ryan, Charles D., Spring Mount, Montgomery County Smedley, Sam'l L., 902 Stephen Girard Building, Philadelphia Smitten, H. W., Rochester Mills, R. 2 * Sober, Col. C. K., Lewisburg Spackman, H. B., Lukens Iron Company, Coatesville Thomas, Joseph W., Jos. W. Thomas & Sons, King of Prussia P.O. Walter, Dr. Harry, Spring Mount Weaver, Wm. S., McCungie Webster, Mrs. Edmund, 1324 S. Broad St., Philadelphia Wister, John C., Wister St. and Clarkson Ave., Germantown Wright, R. P., 235 W. 6th St., Erie Texas Trumbull, R. S., Agricultural Agent, El Paso & S.W. System, Morenci Southern Railroad Company, El Paso Utah Pendleton, M. A., Lehi Smith, Joseph A., Providence (Edgewood Hall) Stayner, Horace, 1844 S. State St., Salt Lake City Virginia Carver, W. N., Cismont, Albemarle County Crockett, E. B., Monroe Dodge, Geo. P., Lovingston, R. 1 Engleby, Thos. L., 1002 Patterson Ave., Roanoke Lee, Lawrence R., Leesburg Miller, L. O., Miller & Rhodes, Richmond Parish, John S., Eastham, Albemarle County Shackford, Theodore B., care of Adams Brothers-Paynes Company, Lynchburg Smith, Dr. J. Russell, Roundhill Washington Baldwin, Dr. A. E., Kettle Falls West Virginia Hartzell, B. F., Shepherdstown * Life members. CONSTITUTION Article I Name. This society shall be known as the Northern Nut Growers Association. Article II Object. Its object shall be the promotion of interest in nut-bearing plants, their products and their culture. Article III Membership. Membership in the society shall be open to all persons who desire to further nut culture, without reference to place of residence or nationality, subject to the rules and regulations of the committee on membership. Article IV Officers. There shall be a president, a vice-president and a secretary-treasurer, who shall be elected by ballot at the annual meeting; and an executive committee of five persons, of which the president, two last retiring presidents, vice-president and secretary-treasurer shall be members. There shall be a state vice-president from each state, dependency or country represented in the membership of the association, who shall be appointed by the president. Article V Election of Officers. A committee of five members shall be elected at the annual meeting for the purpose of nominating officers for the following year. Article VI Meetings. The place and time of the annual meeting shall be selected by the membership in session or, in the event of no selection being made at this time, the executive committee shall choose the place and time for the holding of the annual convention. Such other meetings as may seem desirable may be called by the president and executive committee. Article VII Quorum. Ten members of the association shall constitute a quorum, but must include a majority of the executive committee or two of the three elected officers. Article VIII Amendments. This constitution may be amended by a two-thirds vote of the members present at any annual meeting, notice of such amendment having been read at the previous annual meeting, or a copy of the proposed amendment having been mailed by any member to each member thirty days before the date of the annual meeting. BY-LAWS Article I Committees. The association shall appoint standing committees as follows: On membership, on finance, on programme, on press and publication, on nomenclature, on promising seedlings, on hybrids, and an auditing committee. The committee on membership may make recommendations to the association as to the discipline or expulsion of any member. Article II Fees. The fees shall be of two kinds, annual and life. The former shall be two dollars, the latter twenty dollars. Article III Membership. All annual memberships shall begin with the first day of the calendar quarter following the date of joining the association. Article IV Amendments. By-laws may be amended by a two-thirds vote of members present at any annual meeting. Northern Nut Growers Association SIXTH ANNUAL MEETING SEPTEMBER 1 AND 2, 1915 Rochester, New York The sixth annual convention of the Northern Nut Growers Association was called to order in the convention hall of Powers Hotel, Rochester, New York, on Wednesday, September 1, at 10:15 a.m., the president, Dr. J. Russell Smith, presiding, and thirty-two people being assembled. The President: Ladies and Gentlemen, Members of the Northern Nut Growers Association, the meeting will please come to order. With an organization of this sort, the main purpose of the meeting is the dissemination of information, but it is necessary that certain business shall be conducted to keep the organization going. Some business is dry; usually the reports of our secretary-treasurer are not, and the first order of business, I think, should be to hear from our secretary-treasurer. Mr. Littlepage: I should be glad to have the floor for a moment, Mr. President. In the Congressional Library at Washington City are many very beautiful and attractive inscriptions and quotations, one of which has always appealed to me as a lawyer, and I have repeated it many times: "Of law there can be no less acknowledged than that her voice is the harmony of the world." Mr. President, I have noted very many times that the voice of the law is sometimes silent. It speaks only through those in authority and there should always be some emblem of authority. I therefore took the liberty, Mr. President, of having made for you a gavel from the wood of an Indiana pecan tree, where as a youth I lived and learned of this most delicious of all the nuts, and I take pleasure in presenting it to you, and if anyone doubts the hardiness or hardness of the Indiana pecan, I authorize you to demonstrate both. I am presenting you duplicate gavels, Mr. President, one of which I desire to have you turn over to your successor in office as an official emblem of his authority, to be used at future meetings; the other I am presenting to you as a personal tribute for your most excellent work in behalf of northern nut culture. This gavel I shall ask you to place among the trophies in your beautiful mountain home, where the birds sing sweetly, the sun shines brightly, and the breezes murmur softly; and where the days are made to rest and the nights are made to sleep. The President: Mr. Littlepage, not being prepared for this, and not being naturally eloquent, I am unable to make a speech. However, as a part of the way out of the difficulty, I accept this one officially with great pleasure, and personally accept the other with deep gratitude, and desire to express the appreciation of the meeting. The pecan is calling the walnut meeting to order. Last year we went to see the pecan; this year we come to see the walnut, which, has done more than any other nut in the East. We will now listen to the report of our secretary-treasurer. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY-TREASURER Balance on hand, date of last report $7.23 Receipts: Dues $379.30 Advertisements 42.00 Contributions 42.50 Sale of report 22.40 Contributions for prizes 40.00 Miscellaneous 1.05 ——— $534.48 Expenses: Printing report $233.76 Miscellaneous printing 51.80 Postage and stationery 41.09 Stenographer 2.00 Express, freight, carting 3.74 Prizes 10.00 Check J.R.S. expenses, circulars 37.30 Bills receivable 10.00 Miscellaneous 4.55 ——— $394.24 ——— Balance on hand $140.24 This is the best financial report that the treasurer has ever been able to transmit, and this is chiefly due to the efforts of our president who, during the year, has sent out numerous notices of, and articles about, our Association, its purposes, and the desirability of finding and propagating our best nut trees. He also offered three prizes of $5 each for a nut contest and did the work necessary to get publicity for this contest. He sent letters to the members of the horticultural societies of Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Virginia, Maryland, and Ohio which resulted in our getting 24 new members, mostly from the state of Pennsylvania. Twenty-five dollars of the cost of this circularizing the president paid out of his own pocket. The rest was more than made up by the fees of new members. The president also had printed an educational leaflet on nut growing for distribution by Mr. Cobb with the nut trees which he sends to the schools and farmers of Michigan. With Professor Close he was on the finance committee which sent a circular letter to the members of the Association for funds to help pay for the printing of the annual report, and obtained advertisements for the report. As stated in the treasurer's report contributions for this purpose amounted to $42.50 and advertisements brought in $42.00. Prizes The Association offered last year prizes of $5 each for the best shagbark hickory nut, black walnut and hazel nut sent in. Something over a hundred specimens were received and the prize for hickory nut was awarded to J. K. Triplett of Elkins, W. Va. The prize for black walnut was awarded to J. G. Rush of West Willow, Pa. Mr. Rush returned his prize to be used for the purposes of the Association. No prize for hazels was awarded as only one or two insignificant specimens were sent in. Perhaps the stimulation of this contest accounts for our being able to offer such substantial prizes for this year. In addition to the $80 worth of prizes already announced the secretary has received from a life member, James H. Bowditch of Boston, a check for $25 as a prize to be offered by the Association for a hickory nut under such conditions as the Association may decide. A circular announcing these prizes has been sent out to agricultural and other papers to the number of 200, the expenses of which have been borne by another member, Mr. Chas. H. Plump of Connecticut. A committee on competitions should be appointed or the direction of them delegated to some already existent committee. Membership Seventy-four members were added during the interval between this meeting and the last, one less than in the previous year. Since its organization 287 persons have joined the Association. We have at present 153 paid up members, 21 more than last year. There are a few members whose dues are unpaid who are active workers and will eventually pay, probably. Four members have resigned, though none in anger, and we have lost one by death, the late Prof. H. E. Van Deman. Annual Dues Some way should be found out of the difficulties arising from the dissatisfaction of members who join late in the year when they receive a notice for dues soon after having once paid. It is desirable to take in members at all times during the year. At the same time some method should be found to give the late comer something for his money. Shall membership continue to date from the calendar year? Or shall we make some change? Some societies date memberships from the opening of the annual meeting. It would not be impossible to make memberships date from the beginning of the quarter year immediately following date of joining. This would give every member a full year at least before he would again receive a notice for dues. It would be quite inconvenient to date each membership from the day of joining. It would not be so bad if members paid promptly on receipt of notice. Or a rebate might be made for each month of the year elapsed before new members' dues were paid. Meetings No field meeting was held this year. It has been suggested, and would seem to be a favorable subject for discussion, that it might be well to hold our annual meeting late in the year in some central location, such as New York City, Philadelphia or Washington, for our business and formal program of papers and discussions, and the study of the nuts sent in, perhaps for judging any competition that might be held, if the meeting were late enough for that; and a summer meeting of informal nature at some place where nut trees with their crops growing could be studied. Nut Journal Our official organ, the American Nut Journal, has done its part well through the past year and is becoming, as it should, a very important element in the success of the purposes of this Association. Most new and old members of the Association have availed themselves during the year of the offer of membership and the Journal for $2.50. In spite of the reduction of 25 cents on each membership, the receipts for dues have increased from $273 to $331. I would suggest that the membership fee be still further reduced by 25 cents, when combined with subscription to the Journal, if the editor is willing to continue the present arrangement whereby the price of the Journal is reduced to 75 cents when subscribed to with membership, so that the two together will cost $2.25. Another year it may be possible to make a similar reduction. The object toward which we ought to work is membership for $1, and membership with the Journal$2. I should like to hear the opinions of the members as to the advisability of working to reduce our dues to $1 annually. How Members May Help At the risk of monotony I will repeat my concluding remarks of last year and ask that each member help increase the prosperity and usefulness of the Association by enlisting new members, by advertising his business in the annual report, and by paying his dues promptly. The secretary would much rather spend his time answering questions and imparting such information as lies in his power, than to have to send repeated notices to members in arrears for dues. The secretary will be happy at all times to learn of the plans and progress of the members. The President: You have heard the report of the secretary. There are two things to be done with it. It is, as you will notice, first a report of the year's business and, second, it has certain suggestions for your consideration. I think that as a business report we can discuss and move its adoption, amendment or rejection. After that we may take up the suggestions. [Adoption moved, seconded and carried.] He has brought before our consideration the amount of dues, and the question of their payment. I doubt the advisability of a lengthy discussion in this business meeting. I think it better to refer it to the executive committee. Unless I hear further suggestions, I will take that action. The next piece of business is the matter of the report on the amendments to the constitution. Professor Close and the secretary were appointed a committee for this matter, and as Professor Close cannot be here, we will hear from the secretary on the matter. (See amended constitution.) Dr. Smith: I am now glad to announce that we have covered the necessary business ground, and now come to the real meat of the meeting. We have with us this morning Dr. Baker, Dean of the State College of Forestry, at Syracuse, who is going to address us on the subject of "The Relation of Forestry Conditions in New York to Possibilities of Nut Growing." THE RELATION OF FOREST CONDITIONS IN NEW YORK TO POSSIBILITIES OF NUT GROWING Dr. Hugh P. Baker, Dean of The New York State College of Forestry at Syracuse University The forester presumes to come before your organization because he is concerned with one of the greatest of the natural resources of this and other states of the Union and not with the idea of bringing information as to details in nut culture. Possibly nut culture as a business is more closely related to agriculture than forestry. Forestry is not subordinate to agriculture in this country but co-ordinate with it. Together they will come as near solving the soil problems of the country as is possible for man to solve them. The forester is interested and concerned with the wild nut trees wherever he has to do with the forests or forest lands of the country. Throughout the great hardwood sections of the East there are many native nut-bearing trees, and in the proper utilization of the trees which make up the forests the forester is concerned not alone with the lumber which may come from these trees, but he is concerned as well with the value of the by-products of the forest and the influence of the utilization of these by-products upon the forest. In view of the forester's interest in all of the trees which make up our forests, my purpose of addressing you today is to bring before you the question of the most effective use of the forest soils of this state. I shall also attempt to make some suggestions to your organization in the matter of interesting the man on the street in nut growing. This profession and the business of forestry have been passing through a period of general educational work in this country. Some of the lessons which we have learned through our efforts to interest the people in their forests may be of help to you in interesting the people both in the consumption and the production of nuts. New York as a Great Forest State Twenty-five years ago New York was one of the leading lumber-producing states of the Union. Today some twenty other states produce more lumber than comes from the forests and woodlots of New York. Statistics given out recently by the United States Census Bureau and the Conservation Commission of New York show that, out of the land acreage of over thirty-two millions in New York, but twenty-two millions are included within farms. This leaves something over eight millions of acres outside of farms and presumably non-agricultural. The forests of the Adirondacks and Catskills and the woodlots of the rougher hill counties in the southern and southwestern part of the state come within this vast area of eight millions of acres. Without doubt with increasing population there will come some increase in the use of what are now non-agricultural lands for the practice of agriculture, but with three hundred years of agricultural history back of us in this state it does not seem likely that there will be much change in the relation of non-agricultural to agricultural land during the next half-century. Out of the twenty-two millions of acres of farm lands in the state but fifteen millions are actually under cultivation, leaving, therefore, from six to eight millions of acres within the farms of the state but lying idle. That is, we have a Massachusetts enclosed within our farms which is non-productive as far as direct returns are concerned. Yet there is really no waste land in New York, as every square foot of the state which is covered with any soil at all is capable of producing good forest trees. It is this great area of idle land enclosed within our farms which seems to have unusual promise in the development of nut culture in the state. There is a great deal of land now idle in the form of steep hillsides or ridges or rocky slopes upon which we may grow with comparative ease our walnuts, butter-nuts, hickories, hazelnuts, in the wild form at least. The fact that the state is in really rather serious condition financially should be a strong reason for our association to urge upon the farmers of the state the planting of nut-bearing trees that the returns from the farms may be increased by annual sales of nuts which should in the aggregate in the next fifty years be a large sum of money. It has been estimated that the total debt of the State of New York, that is, the state, county and municipal debts, are equal to $47 for every acre of land, good and bad. On top of this condition the legislature last year laid a direct tax of eighteen millions of dollars upon our people, and there is every indication that it will be several years before it becomes unnecessary to lay a direct tax either larger or smaller than that put upon us last year. There is ever-increasing competition among the farmers of the state as the standards in animal, milk and fruit production are ever increasing. In view of the amount of idle land and of our financial condition it seems to be an unusually opportune time for those interested in nut culture to bring before the farmers and other landowners of the state the idea of planting nut trees, the products of which will add to the annual income from the land. The State of New York is Somewhat Ignorant of the Value of its Forest Lands When the New York State College of Forestry at Syracuse began its studies of forest conditions in New York in 1911 it turned its attention immediately to the very large areas of farm woodlots and woodlands within farms. There has been a good deal of general information current among our people regarding the forest conditions of the state, but there is really very little accurate information except such little as the college has secured since 1911. As a first step in the taking of stock of our forest resources and especially the amount of timber in our farm woodlots and what is coming from these woodlots in the way of annual return to their owners, the State College of Forestry in 1912 began, in co- operation with the United States Forest Service, a study of the wood-using industries of the state. This study has resulted in a very comprehensive bulletin issued by the College of Forestry upon the wood-using industries of the State of New York. From these studies it was determined for the first time that New York was spending annually over ninety-five millions of dollars for products of the forest. Unfortunately for the state, we are sending over fifty millions of dollars of this vast amount out into other states to the south and to the west for timber which New York is capable of producing in amount, at least, in its forests and on its idle lands. The report shows further that New York is producing very large quantities of pine and hemlock and the hardwoods, and, much to the surprise of those interested in forest conditions in the state, it was shown that a large proportion of the hardwoods come from the woodlots in the farms of the state. This would seem to indicate that there is a real opportunity for the growing of such hardwood timber as black walnut, butternut, and hickory, not only on the idle lands of the state which are not covered with forest now, but also in the woodlots of the farms. That is, it would not be a difficult matter to show the farmers through publications and possibly through public lectures that it would be very advantageous to them to favor nut-growing trees and to plant them where they are not now growing, both because of the value of the nuts which they produce and of the value of their wood. If the people of a great state like New York are more or less ignorant of the extent and value of their forest holdings, how much more ignorant are they of the character and the value of a particular species which make up their forest lands. How few people are able to go into the forest and say that this tree is a shagbark hickory or that that is a butternut or that that is a red pine, and if this is the case, as you will agree with me that it is, is it not time that propagandist or general educational work be done that will bring forcibly to the attention of the wage-earners of the state that it is a financial necessity for the state to consider better use of its forest lands, so that all of the soils of New York may share in the burden of the support of the commonwealth rather than a few of the soils which are now being given up to agricultural use? The wage-earner should know also that nuts used as food are conducive to health and that possibly a more extensive use of nuts with less of meat will mean a considerable difference over a period of a year in the amount that is saved in the living expenses of an individual or a family. It is often difficult for the forester to interest the average farmer in the planting of trees, even though those trees may add to the beauty and value of the farm or the comfort of the home buildings, but your organization will make a place for itself most decidedly if it will go to the farmer or to a group of farmers and show them that they can actually save money in the purchase of their needed lumber and wood of other kinds if they will cut their woodlots co-operatively and produce in the woodlots trees of greatest possible value and trees which will give such by-products as nuts as well as direct returns from the lumber. Just as soon as you can reach the pocket-book of the average wage-earner, it makes little difference whether it is nuts or books or clothing, they are going to be interested in a thing that will allow them to get more for the amount which they make from their day's labor. The Association May Accomplish Much by Demonstrating the Value of Nut Trees as Trees and the Value of Their Products as Food Many organizations in our Eastern States are becoming interested in the beautification of communities and the tremendous development in the use of the automobile is interesting even more organizations in the beautification of rural highways. It would not be a difficult thing for the Nut Growers Association to interest civic associations or women's clubs in the planting not only of forest trees alone along rural highways but a certain number of nut trees. We are literally in the age of the "Movie" and if a man who walks or drives along our highways can see as he passes the growing nut trees and the bountiful harvest which they may be made to yield, he is being convinced that not only elm and maple are of value along our highways, but that the nut-producing trees may give equal satisfaction in beauty of form and comfort of shade and at the same time yield fruit of very definite value. Even though the fruit of the nut-bearing trees of our woodlands and highways may not give an annual return to the town or village or county it will bring immeasurable joy and possibly better health to the boys and girls of the future. In many ways the children of this country are educating their parents and it is not an impossible idea to think of the parents of the future being converted by the influence of their children to the desirability if not the necessity of growing trees and nut trees, the fruit of which will give pleasant healthfulness and at the same time aid in the saving of the daily wage and in the support of the commonwealth. I wish to emphasize this idea of considering not alone the financial return from the trees and the forests of this state. As the son of a lumberman and as a forester I am, of course, most vitally interested in the growing of trees as a business proposition, but I feel that such an organization as yours, especially, should look at this matter not alone from actual financial returns, but because of indirect benefits such as the making of outdoor people of us Americans. This can be done, I believe, to a very considerable extent by giving our people, especially the boys and girls, a purpose for getting out into the woodlot and the forests wherever they occur in the state. The women of this state are interested vitally these days not only in their own welfare as possible citizens, but in the improving of living conditions and opportunities of our people. We should have more women interested in the work of this association and interested in seeing that the future value of nuts is appreciated by the wage-earners of the state, both because of their healthfulness and because of the possibility of cheapening somewhat the cost of living. I urge upon the organization a campaign of education, a campaign which will reach through the women's clubs, civic organizations, schools and state associations in a way that will cause the people to demand more nuts for food and more nut trees as an absolutely indispensable part of the complete utilization of both the agricultural and forest soils of the state. The agencies working for agriculture and forestry in a state like New York understand these problems, but often it remains for an organization like yours to bring these forces into active play and to produce the results for which you are working. Before you can achieve lasting results and results commensurate with the time and effort which you are putting into the organization, you must get hold of the man and the woman who spend the dollars for the living of our people. The State College of Forestry at Syracuse Experimenting with Nut Culture Soon after the organization of the New York State Forest Experiment Station south of Syracuse the college took up the matter of growing nut trees and of improving the quality of nuts of native species. On the New York State Forest Experiment Station just south of Syracuse, where the college is growing a million forest trees a year, there is a woodlot of thirty acres. In this woodlot were a number of native nut trees and these have been set aside for the purpose of grafting and improving to see what can be done in helping out native nut trees of different ages and sizes. In 1913 the college purchased a thousand acres of cut-over land two hours south of Buffalo in Cattaraugus County. At the same time it purchased one hundred and thirteen acres lying along the main line of the New York Central Railroad at Chittenango in Madison County. This past spring nut trees were ordered from nurseries in Pennsylvania and planted in the heavy soils on the Chittenango Forest Station and also on the State Forest Experiment Station at Syracuse. At the Salamanca station young nut trees are being staked so that they may be protected and cared for with a hope of developing them as nut-producing trees. The college plans, as a part of its work in the Division of Forest Investigations, to see what can be done in the way of grafting chestnut sprouts and in introducing nut-growing trees for the purpose of demonstrating that idle lands within farms may be used profitably for nut culture. The college will be very glad, indeed, to learn of any native nut trees of unusual value anywhere in New York as it is anxious to get material for grafting to native stock already growing on its various forest stations. Dr. Smith: It was an exceedingly great pleasure to me to listen to that address by the Dean of the New York State College of Forestry. I want to assure you that his address marks an epoch. He tells us that the State of New York is going to experiment in nut growing, give place, time and money; and this is what I have been long waiting for. I shall defer my discussion until this evening, when I use the screen and lantern. I rejoice exceedingly that the State of New York is not alone in the march of progress; the State of Pennsylvania is also in line and comes next on the program. Professor Fagan has been making a survey of Pennsylvania with particular reference to ascertaining what it has in nut trees. He will now give us a report. Professor Fagan: The President has caught me rather unprepared. I did not expect to talk at this time. I had our walnut survey tabulated in regard to county locations, so that you could see the results of our work in the state this past summer. This report is in my grip so I will talk only from memory. The necessity for this work in Pennsylvania has been increasing right along. The State Experiment Station has been receiving letters nearly every week from parties wanting information in regard to the Persian walnut. The calls for information have been increasing more and more each year for the past three years. Our people ask questions about the right kind of soils for the nuts—what varieties are best suited for Pennsylvania— how to topwork their standing black walnut—and, in fact, almost any question. The Experiment Station does not have a nut plantation and it was thought best to study the growing Persian walnut trees throughout the state. A publicity campaign was started through the agricultural press and our daily and weekly newspapers. In this way we have been able to learn the location of some 1,800 to 2,000 bearing trees in Pennsylvania. I tried to visit the trees this summer but time would not permit. Trees are reported in twenty-five different counties. Erie County reported, likely, the two largest plantings. Here we have two seedling groves, at least one is a seedling grove. The seedling grove is fourteen years old and contains 250 trees. They are seedling Pomeroy trees and this year show their first real crop of nuts. Since they are seedlings we naturally find all types and variations among the trees. We see a difference in their foliage, habit of growth, shape and size of nuts. The trees show no effects of ever having been winter-killed. The trees have always been farmed so the owner, Mr. E. A. Silkirk of North East, Pa., has been able to receive returns from his land. Grapes and berries have been grown between the trees as intercrops. The trees are planted on the corners of a 50-foot square and cover about fourteen acres. In four different counties of the mountain section of the state, bearing trees are to be found. From these trees we hope to find something at least fairly good but above that something hardy. Some of these trees have been winter-killed to a more or less degree, but so have the common peach trees in the same sections. The southeastern part of the state reports the largest number of trees. From Harrisburg east and south the trees become more common. In this section we find Dauphin, Adams, York, Lancaster, Chester, Philadelphia, Bucks, Lebanon, Lehigh and Berks counties. In these counties the Persian walnut is not at all uncommon. They are often called Dutch nuts as well as English walnuts. Just north of the above section we find Northampton County reporting a large number of trees, and even in the Wilkes- Barre and Scranton section with a higher elevation the nut is growing and yielding good crops. I asked nearly all walnut tree owners whether or not they thought the business could be developed, and in most cases they believed it possible. I have come to more or less of the conclusion from what I have been able to see, that the business will not be developed in our so-called mountain land or upon the waste lands. The better soil should be used for the walnut groves. As time goes on we are going to find more and more groves of the nuts being planted in our state. I came here to learn rather than to lecture. If I can answer any question I will be glad to do so. Tonight I will gladly show you a few pictures with the lantern. I might say that the Experiment Station plans to have a small grove in a few years; with this and co-operative work we hope to be able to give to our growers and interested people some idea of the culture and care of the Persian walnut in Pennsylvania. Dr. Morris: I don't like to speak so often here, but it is in the spirit of setting a pace rather than of giving expression to my own views. In the first place, I would like to ask Professor Fagan if he has looked up the matter of the introduction of any of the oriental walnuts into Pennsylvania. According to the knowledge of the botanists, all species of plants from the northeastern Orient are better adapted to the eastern states of America than are any trees from the central or western portions of the Old World. Pacific coast plants do well in England, but not in New England as a rule. Next I would suggest, apropos of the nature of the seedling orchard reported by the last speaker, that no nut tree of any sort be sold under a varietal name for propagation, excepting that it be accompanied by the statement that it is a seedling. This is perfectly proper and fair to all parties. Going back to the remarks of Professor Baker, a number of very interesting points arose. One reason why the great waste lands of the state have not been covered with forests of nut trees is because we must leave something for the people who are to come 5,000 years after us. We must not accomplish everything in civilization this year. Be generous; leave something for others to accomplish later. Nut trees grown in forest form say to themselves: "Here are trees enough. We shall store up cellulose." Therefore the trees store up cellulose, make great trunks and timber, and little fruit. A nut tree on the other hand which is growing alone in a field says, "Here are not trees enough. I shall be fruitful," and therefore it bears much fruit. Consequently, nut trees to be grown as forest are out of the question as nut producers, but may be very valuable for timber. In regard to setting out trees along the highways, that is a beautiful idea theoretically. I happen to see one of my neighbors in Connecticut here in the audience. He remembers when I tried to be public-spirited and set out a number of fruit trees around the borders of my place, in order that the passerby might have some fruit. What happened was that not only the passerby wanted fruit, but he wanted it early, and he brought others from a distance who wanted fruit. They broke down the trees, and also entered my premises and carried off my private supply having been attracted by my roadside bait. I wanted to beautify the highway for a mile and set out 3,000 pine trees. After they had grown to look pretty, people came in automobiles and carried them off. These people could not think of helping to set out roadside trees but when someone else had done it they came and lugged off the trees. So long as we are in a semi-civilized state, we cannot talk about beautifying our roads, as does Germany. Germany has set an example of efficiency for the entire world, no matter what your opinion may be as to the present conflict. At the present time she is perhaps believing that she is carrying on a utility crusade. One of...